Albertus Aryobimo Bagas A.

08211840000059
Social System and Population

JOURNAL REVIEW

Title : Government Policy of Indonesia to Managing Demographic Bonus and

Creating Indonesia Gold in 2045

Writers : Anak Agung Gede Oka Wisnumurti, I Ketut Darma, Ni Nyoman Reni Suasih

Book : IOSR Journal Of Humanities And Social Science (IOSR-JHSS) Volume 23,
Issue 1, Ver. 7 (January. 2018) PP 23-34

Source : repository.warmadewa.ac.id

CHAPTER I
MAIN IDEA

As we know, Indonesia will face demographic bonus and thus demographic bonus
predicted by the experts will end up in 2036. In the other hand, Indonesia also has a program
called “Indonesia Gold” and expected will be realize in 2045 or in the 100 th years of
Indonesia independence. Demographic bonus is a condition in which economic productivity
increases rapidly as the impact of the low ratio of dependency (dependency ratio) and size of
the population labor force (Suryahadi et al., 2012). Indonesia Gold is a condition in Indonesia
is superior, advanced to compete with other nations in the world in 2045.

Depedency Ratio of Indonesia

 This paper has aim to determine the potential local economic resources to made
Indonesia gold in 2045, to assess the government's strategy to realize Indonesia Gold 2045;
and to determine the synergy between government strategies and local economic resources to
realize Indonesia Gold 2045. And to realize Indonesia Gold 2045, other factor that will affect
is the demographic bonus, because this “bonus” will be the generation that in charge in
Indonesia. 2045 Golden Generation will face increasingly severe development challenges.
This challenge can be divided into two parts, internal and external. The internal part is about
the issue of equitable development, 80% turnover is in Java and Sumatra and many strategic
infrastructure development program centered in Java and Sumatra. From an external
perspective, the challenge is a global public disclosure because of the development of
increasingly sophisticated technology and very rapidly.
With the demographic bonus, the window of opportunity through birth prevented.
Mothers will have a lot of time to do things that are not giving birth and caring child or give
birth and care for the period is shorter. So, this will influence the significance of the increase
in families the opportunity to carry out productive activities. Productive activities will lead to
better society, namely increase the motivation of women to enter the labor market, enlarge
the role of women, et cetera. Demographic Bonus will trigger the growth savings. These
savings can be formed through the accumulation of capital for investment in growth
economic which will contribute to the betterment of society, in a larger sense. Economic
growth is related to the population as a result of their age dependency models through a birth
averted (illusion of a person's birth). If the goverment can manage the demographic bonus
that owned by Indonesia at this time, the national growth rate of 15 percent can be achieved
(Adioetomo, 2014). Demographic bonus phenomenon, which is very advantageous
population structure from development side because the number of productive age population
is very large, while the proportion of younger age are getting smaller and the proportion of
the elderly have not been many. Therefore, the demographic bonus can be a boon for the
people of Indonesia, in that condition, the government must prepare the young generation
through education, training, health, employment, and investment.
Related to demographic bonus, a real issue was raised by Adam Smith and Benjamin
Franklin. From their thesis can be concluded that population grows like a geometric
progression and inventory count; natural resources are not able to balance human needs that
grow rapidly; and things that cause poverty and misery.
This paper also disscused about change in economic structure. Basically, economic
development has four key dimensions : growth, poverty reduction, a change or transformation
of the economy, and sustainable development from an agrarian society into an industrial
society. An imbalance in the growth sectors of economy led to changes in economic
structure.
From all of things that discussed, there are three points that underlined by the writer.
First, to achieve the Indonesia Gold 2045, Indonesia has the local economic resources
potential, which include natural resources, human resources, artificial resources, and social
resources. Second, the government’s strategy to achieve Indonesia Gold 2045 is divided in
three stages, infrastructure development (such as developing six economic corridors,
strengthening connectivity between growth center of inter-islands, and accelerate the ability
of national science and technology to support main program development), manufacture
industry development, and service industry development (especially tourism service
industry). Third, the government’s strategy to realize Indonesia Gold 2045 should synegize
with the potential of local economic resources that owned by Indonesia. Infrastructure
development adapted to the natural conditions and regional development plans.
Manufacturing development was followed by the development of human resources, as well as
the potential of natural resources in each region. Further development of the service industry
should be adjusted to the potential of each region in Indonesia.
There are three suggestions from the writer. From the writer perspectives, the
government needs to build the infrastructure of micro, including in rural areas, for equitable
development. Also needs to do a comprehensive study to map out a development plan
manufacturing centers of regions in Indonesia. And last one, the government needs to plan
the development plan of human resources.
CHAPTER II
CRITICS

First of all, in my opinion, this journal does not have a good language. Many words
that looks like just translated from Indonesian to English. So, some statements are not
delivered to the readers clearly.
For the discussion, I think it is quite illustrate the condition and situation in Indonesia.
The data collection is also adequate in terms of explaining the main topic, both qualitative
and quantitative. This paper contained quite lot of quantitative data and delivered in a good
way, such as tables and charts, so readers can understood easier. But, for explanations of the
data, back to the language problem, I think it will be hard if the readers are not Indonesian,
because the arragement of words in some sentence just like in Bahasa. About the contents of
discussion, in my perspectives, there is a missing part, especially in literature review. That
part is about government policy. For me, it is important to explain the criteria of a good
policy, how to make a good policy, especially in Indonesia, which is a very diverse nation.
Because, from the title of this paper also mentioned about government policy that will affect
the people of Indonesia itself. So, it is important to show ways to make a good policy
compared to the people itself.
For the conclusion part, in my opinion, the writers should have linked about the
policies and the effects. In the discussion part, the writers showed plenty of data about
government policy, but I think, none was linked explicitly. And also for the solution from the
writers, for me, it is still too general for encounter the demographic bonus and for Indonesia
Gold 2045. It has to be more specific and clear to be implemented. Also there sould be some
short explanation about suggestion effects compared to the existing policies or regulations.

CHAPTER III
IDEAS FOR SOLUTION

My solution for this journal, first one is to paying more attention about the using of
language, because if the language that used not good, it will affect the delivery of jounal’s
message itself. Second one is to add mor literature review to support the arguments or results
that contained in the journal. If we wanted to state something, we must to have a “base” to
state that, not just state by our subjectivity. Furthermore, the literature review should have to
more specific, in this case Indonesia. For example, maybe if we are talking about policy, add
some literature about norms or culture that grows in the society that coresponds to the case.
Or literature about constitution or law in Indonesia. And also rather than just suggesting
general suggestions, it is better give suggestion that can easily implemented and also can give
a good effect according to the main problems. For example: to plan the development of
human resources, the government needs to revise the curriculum in Indonesia to be more
practical than theoritical as soon as possible. The curriculum also have to included about
digital technology and enterpreneurship.