Name of

Medications
Classifications Pharmacodynamics Indications Contraindications Adverse Effects Drug to drug interactions Nursing
Generic Considerations
or
(Brand Name)
Mode of Action

1. Nalbuphine Pharmacologic Analgesia is It is used for: Contraindicated in  headache Barbiturate anesthetics, • Drug is incompatible
Hydro- classification: believed to result patients  sedation such as thiopental: Causes with diazepam and
chloride narcotic from action of drug  Moderate to hypersensitive to  dizziness additive CNS and pentobarbital.
agonist- at opiate receptor severe pain drug. Use  vertigo respiratory depressant
(Nubain) antagonist, sites in the CNS,  Supplement cautiously in  dry mouth effects and, possibly, apnea. • Nalbuphine may
opioid partial relieving moderate to anesthesia patients with  nausea Cimetidine: May increase obscure the signs and
agonist to severe pain. The history of drug  vomiting narcotic nalbuphine symptoms of an acute
narcotic antagonist abuse, emotional toxicity. A narcotic abdominal condition or
Therapeutic effect may result instability, head antagonist may be needed if worsen gallbladder
classification: from competitive injury, increased toxicity occurs. pain.
analgesic, inhibition at opiate intracranial
adjunct to CNS depressants: • Drug may cause
receptors. Like other pressure, impaired orthostatic hypotension
anesthesia opioids, nalbuphine ventilation, MI Potentiates respiratory and
CNS depression, sedation, in ambulatory patients.
causes respiratory accompanied by
depression, sedation, nausea and and hypotensive effects. • Before
and miosis. In vomiting, Reduced doses of administration, inspect
patients with upcoming biliary nalbuphine are usually all parenteral products
coronary artery surgery, hepatic or needed. to rule out particulates
disease or MI, it renal disease, and General anesthetics: May and discoloration.
appears to produce in patients with a cause severe CV • Drug causes
no substantial sulfite sensitivity.
respiratory depression,
changes in heart rate,
which at 10 mg is
 pulmonary artery or depression. Avoid use
wedge pressure, left together.
ventricular end-
diastolic pressure, Narcotic antagonist:
pulmonary vascular Patients who become
resistance, or cardiac physically dependent on
index. drug may experience acute
withdrawal syndrome if
given high doses of a
narcotic antagonist. Use
cautiously, and monitor
patient closely.
equal to the respiratory
depression produced
by 10 mg of morphine.
• When drug is used
during labor and
delivery, neonate must
be assessed for signs of
respiratory depression.

2. Bisacodyl Pharmacologic Bisacodyl has a It is used for: Contraindicated in  nausea Antacids, drugs that • To avoid GI
classification: direct stimulant patients  vomiting increase gastric pH levels: irritation, patient
(Correctol, diphenylme- effect on the colon,  Constipation, hypersensitive to  abdominal May cause premature should swallow tablets
Dulcolax, thane derivative increasing peristalsis preparation drug; in patients cramps dissolution of the enteric whole rather than
Fleet Laxative, and enhancing bowel for with abdominal  burning coating, resulting in crushing or chewing
Modane) Therapeutic evacuation. childbirth, pain, nausea, sensation in intestinal or gastric them.
classification: surgery, or vomiting, or other rectum (with irritation or cramping.
stimulant rectal or symptoms of suppositories) Avoid use together. • Administer tablets
laxative bowel appendicitis or  diarrhea (with with 8 oz (240 ml) of
examination acute surgical high doses) fluid (but not milk).
abdomen; and in • Monitor patient for
patients with rectal diarrhea, electrolyte
bleeding, abnormalities
gastroenteritis, or (hypokalemia), and
intestinal dehydration (with
obstruction. long-term use); drug is
 meant for short-term
therapy.

3. Oxytocin Pharmacologic Oxytocin increases It is used for: Contraindicated in Maternal Cyclopropane anesthesia: • Drug must be given
classification: the sodium patients  Hypertension; May modify CV effects of by I.V. infusion, not
(Pitocin, exogenous permeability of  Induction of hypersensitive to increased heart oxytocin. Use together I.V. bolus injection.
Syntocinon) hormone uterine myofibrils, labor drug and in those rate cautiously. Use an infusion device.
indirectly  Augmentatio with severe  Increased in
Therapeutic stimulating the n of labor toxemia, hypertonic systemic Sympathomimetics: May • During long
classification: contraction of  Reduction of uterine patterns, venous return, increase pressor effects, infusions, watch for
oxytocic, uterine smooth postpartum total placenta and cardiac possibly resulting in signs of water
lactation muscle. The bleeding after previa, and output; postpartum hypertension. intoxication.
stimulant threshold for expulsion of vasoprevia. Also arrhythmias. Avoid use together.
• Record uterine
response is lowered placenta contraindicated  nausea Thiopental anesthesia: contractions, heart rate,
when estrogen levels  To induce when cephalopelvic  vomiting Delays induction of blood pressure,
are high. Uterine abortion disproportion is Fetal anesthesia. Use together intrauterine pressure,
response increases  Oxytocin present; when  Bradycardia cautiously. fetal heart rate, and
with the length of challenge test delivery requires  Arrhythmias character of blood loss
the pregnancy and to assess fetal conversion, as in  Jaundice every 15 minutes.
increases further distress in transverse lie; in  Asphyxia
during active labor. high-risk fetal distress when • Discontinue drug if
Response mimics pregnancies delivery isn’t uterine contractions are
labor contractions. of greater imminent; and in prolonged (more than
than 31 prematurity and 90 seconds),
weeks’ other obstetric intrauterine pressure
gestation emergencies. rises, or uterine
motility interferes with
fetal heart rate.
4.Cefuroxime Pharmacologic Cefuroxime is It is used for: Contraindicated in  phlebitis, Aminoglycosides: Produces • Check solutions for
axetil classification: primarily patients thrombophlebiti synergistic activity against particulate matter and
second- bactericidal; it also  Serious lower hypersensitive to swith I.V. some organisms; increases discoloration. Solution
(Ceftin) generation may be respiratory, cefuroxime or other injection risk of nephrotoxicity. may range in color
cephalosporin bacteriostatic. urinary tract, cephalosporins. Use  diarrhea Monitor patient closely. from light yellow to
Activity depends on skin, and cautiously in  maculopapular amber without
Cefuroxime Therapeutic the organism, tissue skin-structure breast-feeding and Diuretics: Increases risk of affecting potency.
sodium classification: penetration, dosage, infections; women and in erythematous adverse effects. Monitor
antibiotic and rate of organism bone and patients with  rash patient closely. • Shake I.M. solution
(Kefurox, joint gently before
multiplication. It impaired renal  urticaria Probenecid: Competitively
Zinacef) infections; administration to
acts by adhering to function or  pain, inhibits renal tubular
bacterial penicillin- septicemia; penicillin allergy. induration, ensure complete drug
secretion of cephalosporins, dissolution. Give deep
binding proteins, meningitis sterile resulting in higher, into a large muscle
thereby inhibiting caused by abscesses, prolonged serum levels of mass, preferably the
cell wall synthesis. susceptible temperature these drugs. Sometimes gluteus area. Aspirate
organisms. elevation, tissue used for this effect.
 Pharyngitis, sloughing at before injecting to
tonsillitis, injection site. prevent inadvertent
lower injection into a blood
respiratory vessel. Rotate injection
tract sites to prevent tissue
infection, damage. Ice to
urinary tract injection site may
infection relieve pain.
 Otitis media,
• For direct intermittent
impetigo
I.V., inject solution
 Perioperative
slowly into vein over 3
prophylaxis
to 5 minutes or slowly
through tubing of free-
  Gonorrhea running, compatible
(urethral, I.V. solution.
endocervical,
• With large doses or
rectal)
prolonged therapy,
 Lyme disease
monitor patient for
(erythema
superinfection,
migrans)
especially if high-risk.

• Monitor renal
function during
therapy, especially
when maximum dose is
used in a severely ill
patient.

5. Ibuprofen Pharmacologic Mechanisms of It is used for: Contraindicated in  headache ACE inhibitors: Reduces • Maximum results in
classification: action are unknown; patients  dizziness response when used arthritis may require 1
(Advil, NSAID ibuprofen is thought  Arthritis, hypersensitive to  nervousness together; may result in to 2 weeks of
Children’s to inhibit gout, and drug or in those  decreased acute reduction in renal continuous therapy
Advil, Therapeutic prostaglandin postextrac- who have the appetite function. Monitor patient with ibuprofen.
Medipren, classification: synthesis. tion dental syndrome of nasal  tinnitus closely. Improvement may be
Motrin, Motrin nonnarcotic pain polyps,  pruritus seen, however, within
IB, Nuprin, analgesic,  Primary angioedema, and  rash Acetaminophen, gold 7 days.
Pediacare antipyretic, dysmeno- bronchospastic  urticaria compounds, other anti-
Fever, Rufen, anti- rrhea reaction to aspirin inflammatories: May • Give drug on an
Trendar) inflammatory  Mild to or other NSAIDs. increase nephrotoxicity. empty stomach, 1 hour
moderate Contraindicated Use cautiously. before or 2 hours after
pain, during the last meals, for maximum
Antacids: May decrease absorption. However, it
headache, trimester of absorption of ibuprofen.
 backache and pregnancy because Patient should take drugs at may be administered
minor aches it may cause separate times. with meals to lessen GI
associated problems with the upset.
with the fetus or Anticoagulants,
common cold complications thrombolytics (coumarin • Monitor auditory and
derivatives, heparin, ophthalmic functions
 Juvenile during delivery.
streptokinase, urokinase): periodically during
arthritis
Use cautiously in Increase anticoagulant ibuprofen therapy.
 Fever
patients with effects. Monitor
reduction • Monitor
impaired renal or coagulation studies. Dosage
hepatic function, GI adjustment may be needed. cardiopulmonary status
disorders, peptic closely; monitor vital
ulcer disease, Antihypertensives, signs, especially heart
cardiac diuretics: May decrease rate and blood
decompensation, effectiveness of these pressure.
hypertension, or drugs; diuretics may
increase nephrotoxicity. • Observe patient for
coagulation defects. possible fluid retention.
Because chewable Monitor patient closely.
tablets contain Aspirin, carbenicillin,
aspartame, use cefamandole, cefoperazone,
cautiously in corticosteroids, dextran,
patients with dipyridamole, mezlocillin,
phenylketonuria. piperacillin, plicamycin,
salicylates, sulfinpyrazone,
ticarcillin, valproic acid,
other anti-inflammatories:
Increases risk of bleeding
 or adverse GI reactions.
Avoid use together.

6. Terraferron Pharmacologic Terraferron works It is used for: Contraindicated in  Heartburn Avoid taking antacids • Tell the patient that it
classification: by completing the patients with a  nausea within 2 hours before and should be taken on an
(Ferrous Vitamins and need of iron in the  Improving known  vomiting after this medication empty stomach: it
sulfate; folic minerals body; acting on the hypersensitivity to  constipation because they will decrease should be taken at the
acid; vitamin megaloblastic bone nutritional any of the  diarrhea its effectiveness. same time each day.
B-complex; Therapeutic marrow to produce a status of ingredients.  Stomach upset
Vitamin C; classification: normoblastic patient with Hemochromatosis and pain • Tell the patient to
Nicotinamide 1 Antianemics marrow. iron and hemosiderosis  Bitter or bad avoid antacids, dairy
capsule) deficiency are taste products, tea or coffee
 For the contraindications to w/in 2 hr before &
prevention iron therapy. after taking terraferron.
and treatment
• Advise the patient to
of anemias
not lie down for 10 min
due to folic
after taking terraferron.
acid and
vitamin B12
deficiencies,
also from
nutritional
deficiency of
vitamin B
complex.
 DRUG STUDY

Submitted by: CORTEZ, ALI L.

Section: BSN 2A1-1