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Features .Simultaneous measurement of the phase- -three di~tance protection zones with individuaJ
phase and phase-earth loop impedances with in setting of the directionality and reach in reac-
the numerical rneasuring elements thai are indi- live and resistive direction
vidual for each type of fa~lt and each dist8;nce -instantar)eous overcurrent protection
zone ensures fi3.stand reliable fault detectlon -SWI"tc h -o.."'t 0- f au It pro tec t"lon facll"I"tles
"
.The basic version of REL 531 includes: -synchronism check and energizing check
function :
REL 531 * 1.0
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ABS Network Partner
Line distance protection terminal
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breaker-failure protection -earth fault ov~rcurrent protection, directional
under and overvoltage protection or non-directional
supervision of the protected power line -accurate faulf locator
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Application The REL 531 line protection terminal repre- dynamic overreaCh as a zone with 28 ms opera-
sents the high performance unit of the trans- tion time. I
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mission and sub-transmission line protection
To avoid a compnomise between speed, accuracy
terminals that form a part of a PYRAMID sys-
and security, REl531 is equipped with two algo-
tem. The PYRAMID system includes a com-
rithms operating in paralIei. One is the measure-
plete range of the complex object terminals, a
ment utilized in REL 521 with excellent
functional station monitoring, and a station
controi system. The blocks in PYRAMID are performance regarding accuracy, small dynamic
overreach, load compensation etc. and with a
available as stand-al,one protection units or as
typical operation time 28 mg.
building blocks in a complete Substation Moni-
toring System (SMS), Substation Controi Sys- The complementary measurement for high-
tem (SCS) and/or Relay Testing System (RTS). speed operation is achieved in an adaptive algo-
rithm that will adjust the reach according to the
Basic functions
measuring conditions at the fault. So the maxi-
The basic protection flJnction in REL 531 is a full mum speed will be achieved with out jeopardizing
scheme distance protE~tion with individual mea- the security against false tripping. The natural
suring elements for the different types of faults lack in reach at severe measuring conditions will
that belong to the various impedance zones. The be compensated by the paralIei operating "REL
protection includes b;asically three impedance 521" algorithm.
measuring zones with programmable directiona-
Iity. The phase selective instantaneous overcurrent
protection function serves as a complement to
For correct direction measurement the REL 531 the basic underimpedance function. This in order
is polarized with the positive-sequence voltage to further reduce the tripping time for faults cha-
stored in a memory, memorizing both pre-fault racterized by very high fault currents, which can
ph ase and frequency. In cage of asymmetrical
critically influence the stability of the system.
faults the directional ml3asurement is maintained
during an uniimited timl3. At three-phase fault the The communication logic covers most of the
directionality is sustained with the memory. needs of existing communication schemes based
on permissive overreach and underreach transfer
The quadrilateral characteristic of each impe- tripping, as weil as on the blocking principle. In
dance zone with an irujividual and independent addition to this, unblocking logic in two different
setting of the reach in reiactive and resistive direc- modes is available within the permissive sche-
tion, ensures an optimi,~ed application for all line mes. A separate current-reversal logic is availa-
lengths on single lines ,as weil as on lines within ble to prevent falsetripping of the healthy system
complex network configurations. Adaptation indi- on multi-circuit lines and within complex network
vidually for each zone of the earth return com- configurations. A built-in weak infeed logic is pro-
pensation contributes additionally to the grammable for operation in echo mode only, or in
adaptability of the ter,minal. The quadrilateral both echo and tripping mode. When a single-
characteristic ensures a maximum resistive phase autoreclosing is used for the single-phase
coverage for all faults and a maximum limitation faults, the tripping from the weak-end infeed func-
of load influence. The load compensated reac- tian is als o phase-selective.
tance characteristic of zone 1 makes REL 531
applicable for the protec:tion of long, heavily loa- The phase selection for single-pole tripping is
ded transmission lines. achieved with complementary functions in the
measuring algorithm for high-speed trip of phase-
The zone 1 and the zone for communication co- to-earth faults. This phase selection function is
operation are equipped with two paralIei opera- further supported by impedance measurement
ting measuring algorithms for enabling high- exclusive for the phase selection with individually
speed operation combirled with small dynamic settable reactive an~ resistive reach. This combi-
overreach and security. During the first half cycle ned phase selectorl is argO used for the phase
alter the fault interception, the measuring quanti-
segregated commu!,!ication logic.
ties will contain a great amount of transients.
Zones with operating times <20 ms have to eva-
luate the information during this time and the
short operation time will not allow a high degree
of filtering due to the time delays introduced by
filtering. So, a high-speed zon e will naturally not
have the same degree of security and small
ABB Network Partner REL 531 * 11.0 1MRK 506 0O4-BEN
Page 3
Line distance protection terminal
~R
ASS Network Partner REL 531 * 1.0
1 MAK 506 004-BEN
Line distance prc,tection terminal Page 4
grams. The three-phase autoreclose open time S}!stem suRervision functions and stub Rrotection
can be selected to give either high speed autore- Different supervision functions that supervise a
closing or delayed autoreclosing. protected power line, as weil as the near vicinity
Three phase autoreclosing can be performed of REL 531, are available as an option among the
with or without the lise of an optional synchro- supervision functions of the system.
nism check or energizing check function. Exten- Their functionality is based on a measurement of
sive information on tl,e operation of a reclosing the line current (overload protection) and a diffe-
function is available to the user at any time. rence in the phase currents (broken conductor
Synchronism and energizing check function protection). A loss-of-voltage function with its trip-
The built-in synchronism check function has all ping logic is usef\,J1in systems with a built-in auto-
the characteristic operating parameters settable matiG restorationfunction.
in wide ranges. The energizing check function The overload protection will change to a stub pro-
makes possible energizing of dead line as weil as tection by energizing the corresponding binary
energizing of dead busbar or energizing in both input in REL 531 ~ It can thus be effectively used
directions. in switchyards w~h 11/2 circuit breaker configura-
Breaker failure grotect[Qn tion when VTs are installed on the line side of the
The optional breaker failure protection as built line isolator. I
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inta REL 531 measures the current flowing
Fault locator i
through the line circuit breaker.
An optional fault locator is an essentiai comple-
Two timers are available, one independent on the ment to the distance protection, since it measu-
other: timer T1 for a repeated tripping of its own res distance to the fault with great accuracy.
circuit breaker, and tilmer T2 that operates the
The option provides a fault location together with
corresponding output relays, connected inta the
the information on the primary and secondary
breaker failure tripping logic.
phasors of the voltages and currents in the relay
Any one of the interrlal tripping functions can point. The pre-fault and fault values of currents
start the operation of the breaker failure protec- and voltages in the relay point, recorded together
tian. It is also possible to program the correspon- with their phase relations for the last ten recorded
ding binary inputs for tl,e purpose of starting the disturbances, are also available.
breaker failure protection. The calculation algorithm compensates the effect
Earth fault overcurrent protection of the load currents and the apparent fault res is-
Complementary non-clirectional or directional tance.
earth fault overcurrent protection functions are Disturbance recorder
available optionally.
The disturbance recording function is an impor-
Both versions have selectable time delay char- tant part of a station monitoring system, which
acteristics, four of them current-dependent, and enables the evaluation of different events within
one independent. The current-dependent time the power system.
characteristics argO incllude the possibility of set-
The optional distu!rbance recorder with a high
ting the minimum operalting current and time.
performance is one of the building blocks within
Directional overcurrent earth fault protection uses the REL 531.lt can memorize up to 10 analogue
two directional measurirlg elements; one directed and 48 binary signals (input binary signals or
in forward and one in reverse direction. This internai signals) that are availab!e within the ter-
allows permissive overreach and blocking com- minal.
seconds.
The minimum' total recording time is 10
munication schemes with the protection at the
remote line end. In REL 531, the separate optio- Any of the recorded analogue and binary signals
nar communication circluits for directional earth is programmable to start arecording. Further-
fault protection are comJ:lletely independent of the more, analogue signals are programmable for
communication circuits for the distance protec- overfunctions and underfunctions, and binary sig-
tian. Furthermore, similar logical circuits as those nals can start recotding with a transition from a
for the distance protectilDn are also available for
logical O to a logical' 1 and vice versa.
the directional earth fault protection (switch-onto-
fault, current reversal, weak end infeed echo and The time base is synchronized with an interna!
clock and via the synchronizing facilities further
tripping).
on to the system. li>re-fault time, post-fault time
The operation is stabilized against second har- and limit time are settable in wide ranges.
monics. This allows sett:ings for high sensitivity I
without unwanted tripping due to residual inrush It is possible to locally collect disturbance records
currents in the transforml~r. by means of a PC lused for local man machine
communication, as !well as remotely within the
SMS. The disturbanpe evaluating PC-based pro-
gram type REVAL, Qperating in MS Windows, is
also available.
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Increased me;asuring accuracy All of th, REL 531 internai logical signals can
The measurement of U, I, P and Q becomes controi one or more of the output relays.
more accurate! with calibrated values.
All the o~tput relays are freely programmable to
Command funQ.tiQnQ any of the internallogical signals.
Optionally built-in function block makes possible
All configurations can be programmed on the
on line remote controi of up to ten binary signals.
built-in MMI, SMS or with the CAP 531 configura-
On this way the on line controi of the circuit
tion tool.
breakers as weil as different built in functions is
possible remotely via the SCS and SMS. Optionsl remote serial communication
Optionally, the corresponding software and one
Optional input/output facilities or two serial communication ports are available
The basic ver~;ion of REL 531 comprises binary
with the REL 531. They are installed independent
inputs and output relay contacts, and also a nor-
of each other on the back plane of the terminal.
mally closed contact, used for the signalization of
One port 1iJsesSPA communication, and one port
the continuous self-supervision function.
uses LON communication.Remote communica-
Up to three aclditional modules are available as tion with REL 531 uses the optical fibres to elimi-
option, each of them comprising 16 binary inputs, nate the" influence of the electromagnetic
24 relay contac:ts or 8 binary inputs and 12 inde- interferenqes. This enables the REL 531 to be a
pendent output relay contacts. part of the SMS and/or the SCS at the same
All the binary inputs are freely programmable for time.
any of the built-in functions to assure the greatest
possible flexibility.
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Design The REL 531 line protection terminal is supplied -One binary output module with 24 output
in a closed cage of common ABB look, which is relays. "
3/4 of 19" rack wide and 6U (10") high. A mother- -Man machine interface module is installed on
board is mounteid under the front cover of the ter- the front plane of REL 531 and serves as a
minal. All other lunits are of plug-in type and thus local communication facility between the user
easily removablle. Screw connection terminals, and the equipment.
mounted on the back plane of the terminal, serve Up to thre~ input/output modules are available
for the electricaJ connections to the external cir-
optionally
cuits. Optional optical connectors that serve for
remote communication purposes within the SCS Basic version
and SMS are loc:ated on the back plane too. The measuring technique used in the REL 531
terminal is based on pure numerical methods.
The basic confi(}uration of REL 531 consists of The measuring signal processors operate with
the following unil:s: numerical signals derived from the analogue-to-
-Transformer module with five voltage and five digital converter (see Fig. 2).
current input transformers. The self-supervision function operates continu-
-NO conversion module for 10 analogue sig- ously and includes:
nals, operatin!~ with a sampling frequency of
-normal rr1icroprocessor watchdog function
2000 Hz.
-Main processing module that performs all the -checkinglof digitized measuring signals
REL 531 mea:~uring functions. -checksum verification of PROM contents
-Power supply modul e, which comprises a -checksum verification of all types of signal
regulated OC/IDC converter that provides sta- communication
bilized auxiliary voltage to all static circuits. -read-write-read-write cycling of the memory
-One binary input module with 16 binary inputs cells and internai registers
and relays.
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1'-
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REL 531 basic block diagram
Transformer module
Totally ten analogue input quantities are proces-
sed in a transformer unit:
-three currents as phase currents of the protec-
ted line
-residual current (310) of the protected line
-residual current (310) of the paralIei operating
line when used (for an optional fault location
function on ly)
-three phase-to-earth voltages of the protected
line
-open delta voltage of a protected line (for an
optional directional earth fault protection func-
tian, when used)
-one phase-to-earth 'foltage from the busbar
side of a circuit breaker (for an optional
synchro check /energizing check function,
when used)
NO conversion module
Anti-alising low pass alnalogue filters filter the
analogue signals before they enter the multip-
lexer and an analogue-to-digital converter. A
separate signal processl:>r in an NO conversion
module perlorms digital low-pass filtering. Each
of the ten analogue quantities is primarily samp-
led with 2 kHz frequencjl and after skew adjust-
ment a new sample every ms is achieved for the
ten quantities. The indivi-jual samples are achie-
ved from two primary sarnples.
The information is the n converted from paralIei to
serial mode and transrrlitted to the measuring
unit.
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1 MAK 506 004-BEN
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Communication speed
Slava number
Remote change of active group allowed
Remote changed of settings allowed
Connectors and optical fibres
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ABB Network Partner REL 531 * 1.0
1 MRK 506 004-BEN
Line distance protection terminal Page 12
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ABB Network Partner REL 531 * 1.0
1 MAK 506 004-BEN
Line distanl=e protection terminal Page 13
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ABB Network Partner 1 MAK 506 004-BEN
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*) Current check function ,and corresponding setting is common for the following functions:
-stub protection I
-overload protection
") Voltage check flJnction and corresponding setting is common for the fpllowing functions:
-automatic s"'itch-onto-fault logic I
-loss of voltage function
-undervoltage protection
-weak-end inf,eed echo and trip
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1 MRK 506 004-BEN
Page 16
Synchro-check
frequency difference limit, (50-300) mHz in steps of 10 mHz
FreqDiff
voltage difference limit, UDiff (5-50)% of Url.J3 in steps of 1%
phase difference limit, PhaseDiff (5-75)0 in steps of 10
Energizing --
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1 MAK 506 004-BEN
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ABB Network Partner
Line protection terminal with full scheme distance It must be possible to select between the directio-
protection as a main protection function, and a nal and non-directional version, when choosing
directional or non-dire!ctional earth fault overcur- the earth fault overcurrent protection function. Its
rent protection function as an optional comple- operation should be based on a measurement of
ment. The fault location function, included as an the zero-sequence quantities on the protected
option, should have an accuracy higher than 2%, line. Time delay should be selectable between
and sh ou Id not depenld on fault resistance, load independent and all standardized dependent
current, nor supply 01:a fault from the different time characteristics.
sources. The design ~;hould be microprocessor-
A wide range of permissive tripping and blocking
based with at least one microprocessor for each
scheme communication logics should be availa-
basic protection function.
ble for the distance protection as weil as for the
Remote communicatic,n with the line protection directional earth fault overcurrent protection func-
terminal should be possible from two different tion. The distance protection scheme must have
locations and independent on one another. logic for phase-segregated communication for
A distance protection function should contain single pole tripping argO in cage of simultaneous
three independent imp'edance measuring zones fault on double circuit lines. Scheme communica-
with quadrilateral characteristics and indepen- tion logics should be independent for both protec-
dent settings of the real:h in reactive and resistive tio n schemes with independent communication
direction, separate ly for phase-to-earth and for facilities. Standard logics such as current rever-
multi-phase faults. The directionality of all zones, sal, weak end infeed echo and trip should be pro-
independent one another, should be programma- vided for both protection functions. Logics
ble. An earth return compensation should be set- operating without separate reverse directed mea-
table independently for each impedance zone. suring elements are not acceptable.
The line protection tl~rminal should also be Local man machine communication should be
appropriate for the protE~tion of lines within com- based on a user-friendly, menu-structured pro-
plex network configurations. The full scheme gram, and performed by the use of a permanently
design must assure reliable operation for simulta- installed man mac~ine interface unit, type tested
neous and intersystem faults on multi-circuit lines together with a line protection terminal.
as weil as for the differe,nt evolving faults. The pre-fault and fault values of currents and vol-
The minimum operating time of a protection must tages must be available for fault analyzing purpo-
not be more than 10 iriS. The operating time of ses. Remote communication sh ou Id be possible
distance protection ZOnE~1, must not exceed one via a local fibre optical network and the standard
cycle and the maximuITI operating time must be CCITT telephone network. Corresponding com-
given in isochronical diagrams measured for the puter programs must be available. The remote
protection terminal connected to capacitive vol- setting of the different setting parameters with in
tage transformers. The <:haracteristic of distance at least four groups of setting parameters must
zone 1 in reactive direction must be compensa- be possible.
ted for a load current. Th,e memory voltage for the The monitoring and controlling of all input and
proper directional discrimination at close-in three- output logical signals as weil as tripping signals
phase faults should bE~ based on a positive must be possible both locally and remotely. Con-
sequence voltage. tinuous self supervision function with self diag-
nostic possibilities ,must be included in a line
protection terminal.
REL 531 * 1,0
1 MRK 506 004-BEN
Line distanc:e protection terminal Page 19
Ordering
The basic version of REL 531 is a phase-to-phase and phase-to-earth line distance protection terminal with
three impedance measuring zones and complementary high-speed zones for carrier send and independent
trip. Scheme cornmunication logic including logic for current reversal, weak end infeed and single-phase trip-
ping is included. Instantaneous phase overcurrent protection, event recorder, one binary input module and one
binary output module are also included in the basic version.
Basic data:
Frequency, fr 50/60 Hz
Ac voltage, Ur 100/110/115/120 V
Dc voltage, EL 48/60/110/125/220/250 V
Interface dc voltage, AL
[J 24/30 V D 48/60 V D 11d/125V D 220/250 V
Basic/Option: 1MAK 000 508-DA 1MRK 000 508-AA 1MRK'OOO
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508-8A 1 MAK 000 508-CA
Option: 11\-1AK
000 173-GA 1MRK 000 173-AB 1MRKIOOO 173-88 1MAK 000 173-CB
Options:
Additionalln/out modules (totally 3 modules can be selected):
Binary input modLlles,each with 16 binary inputs.
Specify dc voltage AL above. Quantity: I I 1 MAK 000 508-
Accessories:
User's Guide for REL 531 Quantity: 1 MRK 506 004-UEN
Front connection cable for PC (Opto/9-pol D-sub) Quantity: 1MKC 950 001-1
SMS-BASE Basic program for SMS and PC front connection Quantity: RS 881 007-M
SM/REL 531 SMS Program module for REL 531 Quantity: 1MRK 000 314-GA
RECOM Disturbance collection program, version 1.3 Quantity: 1 MRK 000 077-0B
REVAL Disturbance evaluation program, English version Quantity: 1 MRK 000 078-AA
CAP 531 -Graphical confi!~uration tool Quantity: 1 MRK 000 876-KA
(SMS-BASE and SM/REL :531 is required)
CAP/REL 531, CAP program modul e for REL 531 Quantity: I I 1 MAK 000 876-GA
Default configuration diske11e for REL 531 Quantity: I I 1MAK 001 476-AA
For our reference and statistics we would be pleased if we are provided with the following application data: