Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
Assessment report on Tolerances of CIP girders at Final
Construction stage under CP01
PURPOSE
The main purpose of this Assessment is to determine the Tolerance of CIP girders at the Final
Construction stage under CP01’s scope of work based on some CIP girders of which survey data were
approved by PIC.
And, in case of Over Tolerance, CP01 shall propose reasonable solutions to handle for each specified
cases.
TOLERANCES EXTRACTED FROM TECHNICAL REQUIREMENT
Up to now, CIP girders have passed over many construction stages including casting, stressing. And,
each works obviously consists of its tolerances as stated in Technical Requirement. However, there is
no specific requirement for Tolerances at final position.
Thus, in CP01’s viewpoint, final tolerance of a point at present should be the accumulation of all
possible tolerances through all construction stages.
∆ ∆ ∆
In which:
∆1 Tolerance for casting concrete, as stated in Technical requirement;
∆2 Tolerance for camber;
∆ Final Tolerance after all construction stages
Depending on Points’ position (on deck or flange, plan (X, Y) or level (Z)), the corresponding tolerances
to be summed up accordingly.
Therefore, CP01 tabulates herewith the detail tolerances for all points.
CIP girders
Casting tolerance
Camber tolerance (mm)
(mm) Final tolerance (mm)
(PCI Industry Handbook 8.2.5)
Points (6.3.4)
X Y Z X Y Z X Y Z
(a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (a)+(d) (b)+(e) (c)+(f)
1
2
3 ±10 ±10 ±10 N/A N/A ±3/4 in ⩰±19(*) ±10 ±10 ±29
4
5
(*) In Technical Requirement, there is no specific requirement for camber tolerances for CIP girders.
Hence, as recommendation, camber tolerances of CIP to be referred to PCI Industry Handbook.
Page 1 of 5
After accumulated, CP01 would like to introduce the Final Tolerances for CIP girders’ points, which
are reasonable for products passing over many construction stages like this Project.
COMPARING BETWEEN ACTUAL VS DESIGN COORDINATES
As data submitted to PIC, the number of sections to be surveyed and number of survey points per
section are as below.
Section to be surveyed CIP girders: every 2m
Number of survey points per section CIP girders: 5 points
Figure 1 – Survey points on a section for CIP girders
In order to have good basis to compare, the objectives of this Report are Points laying on the centerline
of Superstructure (Point 3), which are considered as a reference line or base line of Structure.
Furthermore, Level Z is the most concern point because it directly affects to CP01 as well as CP08 in
term of elevation for finalization (CP01) and input data of design (CP08). On the other hands,
coordinates (X,Y) are not big problems to structure integrity.
CP01 summarizes herewith the actual situation for each span as table below.
Page 2 of 5
For further detail, please refer to the Attachment for better figure out the points of which differential
between Design and Actual coordinates are over Final Tolerances.
FOR OVER FINAL TOLERANCE POINTS
In fact, there are few points exceeding the above final tolerances. They come from following reasons
As‐built survey works to be carried out following the CP08’s benchmarks which are created by
CP02’s ones. CP01 fully understands that even though either CP01’s or CP02’s benchmarks are
developed from Project/Root benchmarks, there are still gaps between CP01 and CP02 along
the whole Project alignment. This is indeed the main reason resulting the as‐built data of some
points over Final tolerances.
In Construction field, it is literally impossible to assure 100% constructed points meeting the
Project Requirement/ Tolerances as observed in many Projects.
It is worth noting that the quality of structure or loading capacity is totally depended on the material
quality, construction and curing method. These are the main factors assuring the site production of
which quality/strength are satisfied to design calculation and lifetime of structure. And, CP01 has been
guaranteeing these core values by signed MOAs including the rebar works (rebar shape, number of
rebar or rebar arrangement), concrete works (total amount of concrete, concrete quality or concrete
cure), stressing works (tendon quality, elongation). CP01 confidently truly achieves the goals in term
of structure quality as certificated in corresponding MOAs.
Furthermore, in CP01’s viewpoint, the over Final Tolerances points is abnormalities in
shape/dimension of structure only and not really related to the structure quality. These can be
considered as defects in shape of structure in a comparison with other main construction activities
qualified in MOAs.
Page 3 of 5
Regarding the smoothness of structure, as shown in the Attachments, basically there are a few points
over Final tolerances with small amount of differential of such big area of top surface of structures.
Hence, it is difficult to recognize by naked eyes or walking along structures.
Therefore, CP01 would like propose solutions for over Final Tolerances points as below.
For X and Y
In CP01’s viewpoint, incase (X,Y) are out of Final Tolerance, CP08 can adapt the actual site
condition by fine adjusting track plinth design. And if CP08 still faces the difficulties, CP01 will
be ready for hold working sessions to settle these issues.
For Z
These points can be considered to be relevant to the height (H) from Rail level to top surface
of structure by level (Z) at Track plinth area. As mentioned in the CP01’s Technical Design, the
minimum height of H is 450mm. As Interface Matrix, H shall directly impact to CP08 design
including Rail level and Track plinth.
In case of over tolerance for H, CP01 would like to propose CP08 slightly adjust final track
level following actual site condition.
Otherwise, CP01 draws out 02 cases of over Final Tolerances and solutions to handle the
situations.
H>450
450
H<450
Figure 4 – 02 cases of the height from Rail level to Top surface
i. The height (H) greater than 450mm due to over Final Tolerances
In this case, the top surface is lower than design. Thus, the concrete amount to cast
CP08’s track plinth will be more than CP08’s bidding quantity.
As stated in the above table, the maximum differential to design considering camber
is about 34mm, approximately 7.5% to 450mm track plinth height. With such
additional amount of concrete as well as rebar, the track plinth load due to
increasing height is small compared to design capacity. Obviously, the integrity of
structure is not affected.
In term of contractual liability, CP01 shall provide additional concrete and rebar
quantity during CP08’s construction and bear the cost without additional claim to
MRB.
ii. The height (H) less than 450mm due to over Final Tolerances
Thus, the top surface is higher than design. It leads to the situation in which the
minimum value 450 is not be assured resulting track plinths may not to be resisted
the shear forces of train loads.
Page 4 of 5
After discussion with CP08, the minimum height of track plinth in the Construction
Design stage to be … mm.
Based on this updated design from CP08, CP01 will handle in detail as following,
Actual height greater than CP08’s minimum value
In this case, the integrity of track plinth shall not be affected or its capacities
to be assured as designed. The amount of concrete and rebar to be installed
at these area will be specified following the actual elevation.
Actual height less than CP08’s minimum value
The minimum value of track plinth to the top priority of all remedies.
These area to be chipped until meeting the minimum value but the top layer
rebar of superstructure shall not be allowed to be exposed to air in order to
avoid the rust. In the worst case, even when touching the rebar, the
minimum still can’t met, CP01 and CP08 will open a technical working
session to find appropriate solutions such as adjusting the rail level to adapt
the site condition or installing more rebar legs and expanding the track
plinth width to keep the capacities as CP08’s design, etc.
In term of contractual liability, CP01 will actively find the best solutions to
overcome these non‐conformances and bear the cost without no additional claim
to MRB.
CONCLUSIONS
All above analysis concentrate on the Final Coordinates (X, Y, Z), other technical aspects such as
Concrete work, Rebar work, Stressing work, etc. still meet the Technical Requirement generally that
proved by signed MOAs.
Therefore, CP01 would like PIC/MRB to accept the Final Tolerance to be basis to sign the MOA. It
helps CP01 to quickly close our Work scope by signing the Completion MOA of CIP girders and
update in the As‐built Drawings.
Page 5 of 5