Tabelas Estatisticas AEI - AEII

TABELAS
ESTATÍSTICAS
Para apoio às aulas de
Análise Estatística
Estas tabelas são necessárias, como elemento de consulta, para mas frequências e os exames.
Não devem apresentar quaisquer notas ou apontamentos sobre os conteúdos programáticos!
Índice
1. Distribuição Normal Reduzida 1

2. Distribuição Qui-quadrado 3
3. Distribuição t-Student 6
4. Distribuição F-Snedecor 9
5. Probabilidades associadas à estatística de teste de Tukey 13
6. Probabilidades associadas à estatística de teste de Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney 14
7. Probabilidades associadas à estatística de teste de Wilcoxon 24
8. Valores críticos para a ANOVA em ordens de Kruskal-Wallis 32
9. Valores críticos para a ANOVA de Friedman 33
10. Formulário de Análise Estatística I 34

11. Formulário de Análise Estatística II 37
Tabelas adaptadas de:

Conover, W. J. (1980). Practical Non-parametric Statistics. John Wiley and Sons. New-York.
Howell, D. (1985) Statistical Methods for Psychology. Thomoson. New-York
Maroco, J. & Bispo, R. (2003). Estatística Aplicada às Ciências Sociais e Humanas. Climepsi. Lisboa
Siegel, S. & Castellan, N. J. (1988). Non-parametric Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences. 2nd Ed. McGraw-
Hill. New-York
Zar, J. H. (1999). Biostatistical Analysis. 4th Ed. Prentice-Hall. London.
? QuestõesComentários:
jpmaroco@ispa.pt
1
Distribuição Normal Reduzida
1. Distribuição Normal Reduzida
z1 1 ( x 2 / 2)
Se Z~N(0,1) então P[Zz1-a]=  2
e dx =1-a. 0.5
0.4
Por exemplo z0.975=1.96, tal que P[Z1.96]=0.975 i.e. equi-
0.3
f(z)
valente área a sombreado da figura ao lado. De modo seme-
0.2 1-
lhante P[Z-1.96] =P[Z≥1.96] = 1-P[Z1.96]=0.025, uma 1.96
0.1 0.975
vez que a distribuição é simétrica em torno de zero. (Adap- 0.025
tado de Maroco & Bispo, 2003). 0.0
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5
1-a 0.000 0.001 0.002 0.003 0.004 0.005 0.006 0.007 0.008 0.009
0.99 2.326 2.366 2.409 2.457 2.512 2.576 2.652 2.748 2.878 3.090
0.98 2.054 2.075 2.097 2.120 2.144 2.170 2.197 2.226 2.257 2.290
0.97 1.881 1.896 1.911 1.927 1.943 1.960 1.977 1.995 2.014 2.034
0.96 1.751 1.762 1.774 1.787 1.799 1.812 1.825 1.838 1.852 1.866
0.95 1.645 1.655 1.665 1.675 1.685 1.695 1.706 1.717 1.728 1.739
0.94 1.555 1.563 1.572 1.580 1.589 1.598 1.607 1.616 1.626 1.635
0.93 1.476 1.483 1.491 1.499 1.506 1.514 1.522 1.530 1.538 1.546
0.92 1.405 1.412 1.419 1.426 1.433 1.440 1.447 1.454 1.461 1.468
0.91 1.341 1.347 1.353 1.359 1.366 1.372 1.379 1.385 1.392 1.398
0.90 1.282 1.287 1.293 1.299 1.305 1.311 1.317 1.323 1.329 1.335
0.89 1.227 1.232 1.237 1.243 1.248 1.254 1.259 1.265 1.270 1.276
0.88 1.175 1.180 1.185 1.190 1.195 1.200 1.206 1.211 1.216 1.221
0.87 1.126 1.131 1.136 1.141 1.146 1.150 1.155 1.160 1.165 1.170
0.86 1.080 1.085 1.089 1.094 1.098 1.103 1.108 1.112 1.117 1.122
0.85 1.036 1.041 1.045 1.049 1.054 1.058 1.063 1.067 1.071 1.076
0.84 0.994 0.999 1.003 1.007 1.011 1.015 1.019 1.024 1.028 1.032
0.83 0.954 0.958 0.962 0.966 0.970 0.974 0.978 0.982 0.986 0.990
0.82 0.915 0.919 0.923 0.927 0.931 0.935 0.938 0.942 0.946 0.950
0.81 0.878 0.882 0.885 0.889 0.893 0.896 0.900 0.904 0.908 0.912
0.80 0.842 0.845 0.849 0.852 0.856 0.860 0.863 0.867 0.871 0.874
0.79 0.806 0.810 0.813 0.817 0.820 0.824 0.827 0.831 0.834 0.838
0.78 0.772 0.776 0.779 0.782 0.786 0.789 0.793 0.796 0.800 0.803
0.77 0.739 0.742 0.745 0.749 0.752 0.755 0.759 0.762 0.765 0.769
0.76 0.706 0.710 0.713 0.716 0.719 0.722 0.726 0.729 0.732 0.736
0.75 0.674 0.678 0.681 0.684 0.687 0.690 0.693 0.697 0.700 0.703
0.74 0.643 0.646 0.650 0.653 0.656 0.659 0.662 0.665 0.668 0.671
0.73 0.613 0.616 0.619 0.622 0.625 0.628 0.631 0.634 0.637 0.640
0.72 0.583 0.586 0.589 0.592 0.595 0.598 0.601 0.604 0.607 0.610
1
Distribuição Normal Reduzida
1-a 0.000 0.001 0.002 0.003 0.004 0.005 0.006 0.007 0.008 0.009
0.71 0.553 0.556 0.559 0.562 0.565 0.568 0.571 0.574 0.577 0.580
0.70 0.524 0.527 0.530 0.533 0.536 0.539 0.542 0.545 0.548 0.550
0.69 0.496 0.499 0.502 0.504 0.507 0.510 0.513 0.516 0.519 0.522
0.68 0.468 0.470 0.473 0.476 0.479 0.482 0.485 0.487 0.490 0.493
0.67 0.440 0.443 0.445 0.448 0.451 0.454 0.457 0.459 0.462 0.465
0.66 0.412 0.415 0.418 0.421 0.423 0.426 0.429 0.432 0.434 0.437
0.65 0.385 0.388 0.391 0.393 0.396 0.399 0.402 0.404 0.407 0.410
0.64 0.358 0.361 0.364 0.366 0.369 0.372 0.375 0.377 0.380 0.383
0.63 0.332 0.335 0.337 0.340 0.342 0.345 0.348 0.350 0.353 0.356
0.62 0.305 0.308 0.311 0.313 0.316 0.319 0.321 0.324 0.327 0.329
0.61 0.279 0.282 0.285 0.287 0.290 0.292 0.295 0.298 0.300 0.303
0.60 0.253 0.256 0.259 0.261 0.264 0.266 0.269 0.272 0.274 0.277
0.59 0.228 0.230 0.233 0.235 0.238 0.240 0.243 0.246 0.248 0.251
0.58 0.202 0.204 0.207 0.210 0.212 0.215 0.217 0.220 0.222 0.225
0.57 0.176 0.179 0.181 0.184 0.187 0.189 0.192 0.194 0.197 0.199
0.56 0.151 0.154 0.156 0.159 0.161 0.164 0.166 0.169 0.171 0.174
0.55 0.126 0.128 0.131 0.133 0.136 0.138 0.141 0.143 0.146 0.148
0.54 0.100 0.103 0.105 0.108 0.111 0.113 0.116 0.118 0.121 0.123
0.53 0.075 0.078 0.080 0.083 0.085 0.088 0.090 0.093 0.095 0.098
0.52 0.050 0.053 0.055 0.058 0.060 0.063 0.065 0.068 0.070 0.073
0.51 0.025 0.028 0.030 0.033 0.035 0.038 0.040 0.043 0.045 0.048
0.50 0.000 0.003 0.005 0.008 0.010 0.013 0.015 0.018 0.020 0.023
2
2. Distribuição Qui-quadrado 0.20
Se X (n) então P[X]=1. Por exemplo, se X então

  0.15
P[X11.07]=0.95 ou 20.95=11.07como se ilustra na figura
f(x)
0.10
ao lado (Adaptado de Maroco & Bispo, 2003).
1-
0.05 11.07
0.95
0.05
0.00
0 5 10 15 20 25
1- a
n
0.005 0.01 0.025 0.05 0.1 0.25 0.5 0.75 0.9 0.95 0.975 0.99 0.995
1 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.004 0.016 0.102 0.455 1.323 2.706 3.841 5.024 6.635 7.879
2 0.010 0.020 0.051 0.103 0.211 0.575 1.386 2.773 4.605 5.991 7.378 9.210 10.597
3 0.072 0.115 0.216 0.352 0.584 1.213 2.366 4.108 6.251 7.815 9.348 11.345 12.838
4 0.207 0.297 0.484 0.711 1.064 1.923 3.357 5.385 7.779 9.488 11.143 13.277 14.860
5 0.412 0.554 0.831 1.145 1.610 2.675 4.351 6.626 9.236 11.070 12.832 15.086 16.750
6 0.676 0.872 1.237 1.635 2.204 3.455 5.348 7.841 10.645 12.592 14.449 16.812 18.548
7 0.989 1.239 1.690 2.167 2.833 4.255 6.346 9.037 12.017 14.067 16.013 18.475 20.278
8 1.344 1.647 2.180 2.733 3.490 5.071 7.344 10.219 13.362 15.507 17.535 20.090 21.955
9 1.735 2.088 2.700 3.325 4.168 5.899 8.343 11.389 14.684 16.919 19.023 21.666 23.589
10 2.156 2.558 3.247 3.940 4.865 6.737 9.342 12.549 15.987 18.307 20.483 23.209 25.188
11 2.603 3.053 3.816 4.575 5.578 7.584 10.341 13.701 17.275 19.675 21.920 24.725 26.757
12 3.074 3.571 4.404 5.226 6.304 8.438 11.340 14.845 18.549 21.026 23.337 26.217 28.300
13 3.565 4.107 5.009 5.892 7.041 9.299 12.340 15.984 19.812 22.362 24.736 27.688 29.819
14 4.075 4.660 5.629 6.571 7.790 10.165 13.339 17.117 21.064 23.685 26.119 29.141 31.319
15 4.601 5.229 6.262 7.261 8.547 11.037 14.339 18.245 22.307 24.996 27.488 30.578 32.801
16 5.142 5.812 6.908 7.962 9.312 11.912 15.338 19.369 23.542 26.296 28.845 32.000 34.267
17 5.697 6.408 7.564 8.672 10.085 12.792 16.338 20.489 24.769 27.587 30.191 33.409 35.718
18 6.265 7.015 8.231 9.390 10.865 13.675 17.338 21.605 25.989 28.869 31.526 34.805 37.156
19 6.844 7.633 8.907 10.117 11.651 14.562 18.338 22.718 27.204 30.144 32.852 36.191 38.582
20 7.434 8.260 9.591 10.851 12.443 15.452 19.337 23.828 28.412 31.410 34.170 37.566 39.997
21 8.034 8.897 10.283 11.591 13.240 16.344 20.337 24.935 29.615 32.671 35.479 38.932 41.401
22 8.643 9.542 10.982 12.338 14.041 17.240 21.337 26.039 30.813 33.924 36.781 40.289 42.796
23 9.260 10.196 11.689 13.091 14.848 18.137 22.337 27.141 32.007 35.172 38.076 41.638 44.181
24 9.886 10.856 12.401 13.848 15.659 19.037 23.337 28.241 33.196 36.415 39.364 42.980 45.558
25 10.520 11.524 13.120 14.611 16.473 19.939 24.337 29.339 34.382 37.652 40.646 44.314 46.928
26 11.160 12.198 13.844 15.379 17.292 20.843 25.336 30.435 35.563 38.885 41.923 45.642 48.290
27 11.808 12.878 14.573 16.151 18.114 21.749 26.336 31.528 36.741 40.113 43.195 46.963 49.645
28 12.461 13.565 15.308 16.928 18.939 22.657 27.336 32.620 37.916 41.337 44.461 48.278 50.994
29 13.121 14.256 16.047 17.708 19.768 23.567 28.336 33.711 39.087 42.557 45.722 49.588 52.335
30 13.787 14.953 16.791 18.493 20.599 24.478 29.336 34.800 40.256 43.773 46.979 50.892 53.672
31 14.458 15.655 17.539 19.281 21.434 25.390 30.336 35.887 41.422 44.985 48.232 52.191 55.002
32 15.134 16.362 18.291 20.072 22.271 26.304 31.336 36.973 42.585 46.194 49.480 53.486 56.328
33 15.815 17.073 19.047 20.867 23.110 27.219 32.336 38.058 43.745 47.400 50.725 54.775 57.648
34 16.501 17.789 19.806 21.664 23.952 28.136 33.336 39.141 44.903 48.602 51.966 56.061 58.964
35 17.192 18.509 20.569 22.465 24.797 29.054 34.336 40.223 46.059 49.802 53.203 57.342 60.275
3
Distribuição Qui-quadrado
1-a
n
0.005 0.01 0.025 0.05 0.1 0.25 0.5 0.75 0.9 0.95 0.975 0.99 0.995
36 17.887 19.233 21.336 23.269 25.643 29.973 35.336 41.304 47.212 50.998 54.437 58.619 61.581
37 18.586 19.960 22.106 24.075 26.492 30.893 36.336 42.383 48.363 52.192 55.668z 59.893 62.883
38 19.289 20.691 22.878 24.884 27.343 31.815 37.335 43.462 49.513 53.384 56.895 61.162 64.181
39 19.996 21.426 23.654 25.695 28.196 32.737 38.335 44.539 50.660 54.572 58.120 62.428 65.475
40 20.707 22.164 24.433 26.509 29.051 33.660 39.335 45.616 51.805 55.758 59.342 63.691 66.766
41 21.421 22.906 25.215 27.326 29.907 34.585 40.335 46.692 52.949 56.942 60.561 64.950 68.053
42 22.138 23.650 25.999 28.144 30.765 35.510 41.335 47.766 54.090 58.124 61.777 66.206 69.336
43 22.860 24.398 26.785 28.965 31.625 36.436 42.335 48.840 55.230 59.304 62.990 67.459 70.616
44 23.584 25.148 27.575 29.787 32.487 37.363 43.335 49.913 56.369 60.481 64.201 68.710 71.892
45 24.311 25.901 28.366 30.612 33.350 38.291 44.335 50.985 57.505 61.656 65.410 69.957 73.166
46 25.041 26.657 29.160 31.439 34.215 39.220 45.335 52.056 58.641 62.830 66.616 71.201 74.437
47 25.775 27.416 29.956 32.268 35.081 40.149 46.335 53.127 59.774 64.001 67.821 72.443 75.704
48 26.511 28.177 30.754 33.098 35.949 41.079 47.335 54.196 60.907 65.171 69.023 73.683 76.969
49 27.249 28.941 31.555 33.930 36.818 42.010 48.335 55.265 62.038 66.339 70.222 74.919 78.231
50 27.991 29.707 32.357 34.764 37.689 42.942 49.335 56.334 63.167 67.505 71.420 76.154 79.490
51 28.735 30.475 33.162 35.600 38.560 43.874 50.335 57.401 64.295 68.669 72.616 77.386 80.746
52 29.481 31.246 33.968 36.437 39.433 44.807 51.335 58.468 65.422 69.832 73.810 78.616 82.001
53 30.230 32.019 34.776 37.276 40.308 45.741 52.335 59.534 66.548 70.993 75.002 79.843 83.253
54 30.981 32.793 35.586 38.116 41.183 46.676 53.335 60.600 67.673 72.153 76.192 81.069 84.502
55 31.735 33.571 36.398 38.958 42.060 47.610 54.335 61.665 68.796 73.311 77.380 82.292 85.749
56 32.491 34.350 37.212 39.801 42.937 48.546 55.335 62.729 69.919 74.468 78.567 83.514 86.994
57 33.248 35.131 38.027 40.646 43.816 49.482 56.335 63.793 71.040 75.624 79.752 84.733 88.237
58 34.008 35.914 38.844 41.492 44.696 50.419 57.335 64.857 72.160 76.778 80.936 85.950 89.477
59 34.770 36.698 39.662 42.339 45.577 51.356 58.335 65.919 73.279 77.930 82.117 87.166 90.715
60 35.534 37.485 40.482 43.188 46.459 52.294 59.335 66.981 74.397 79.082 83.298 88.379 91.952
61 36.300 38.273 41.303 44.038 47.342 53.232 60.335 68.043 75.514 80.232 84.476 89.591 93.186
62 37.068 39.063 42.126 44.889 48.226 54.171 61.335 69.104 76.630 81.381 85.654 90.802 94.419
63 37.838 39.855 42.950 45.741 49.111 55.110 62.335 70.165 77.745 82.529 86.830 92.010 95.649
64 38.610 40.649 43.776 46.595 49.996 56.050 63.335 71.225 78.860 83.675 88.004 93.217 96.878
65 39.383 41.444 44.603 47.450 50.883 56.990 64.335 72.285 79.973 84.821 89.177 94.422 98.105
66 40.158 42.240 45.431 48.305 51.770 57.931 65.335 73.344 81.085 85.965 90.349 95.626 99.330
67 40.935 43.038 46.261 49.162 52.659 58.872 66.335 74.403 82.197 87.108 91.519 96.828 100.554
68 41.714 43.838 47.092 50.020 53.548 59.814 67.335 75.461 83.308 88.250 92.688 98.028 101.776
69 42.493 44.639 47.924 50.879 54.438 60.756 68.334 76.519 84.418 89.391 93.856 99.227 102.996
70 43.275 45.442 48.758 51.739 55.329 61.698 69.334 77.577 85.527 90.531 95.023 100.425 104.215
71 44.058 46.246 49.592 52.600 56.221 62.641 70.334 78.634 86.635 91.670 96.189 101.621 105.432
72 44.843 47.051 50.428 53.462 57.113 63.585 71.334 79.690 87.743 92.808 97.353 102.816 106.647
73 45.629 47.858 51.265 54.325 58.006 64.528 72.334 80.747 88.850 93.945 98.516 104.010 107.862
74 46.417 48.666 52.103 55.189 58.900 65.472 73.334 81.803 89.956 95.081 99.678 105.202 109.074
75 47.206 49.475 52.942 56.054 59.795 66.417 74.334 82.858 91.061 96.217 100.839 106.393 110.285
76 47.996 50.286 53.782 56.920 60.690 67.362 75.334 83.913 92.166 97.351 101.999 107.582 111.495
77 48.788 51.097 54.623 57.786 61.586 68.307 76.334 84.968 93.270 98.484 103.158 108.771 112.704
78 49.581 51.910 55.466 58.654 62.483 69.252 77.334 86.022 94.374 99.617 104.316 109.958 113.911
79 50.376 52.725 56.309 59.522 63.380 70.198 78.334 87.077 95.476 100.749 105.473 111.144 115.116
80 51.172 53.540 57.153 60.391 64.278 71.145 79.334 88.130 96.578 101.879 106.629 112.329 116.321
81 51.969 54.357 57.998 61.262 65.176 72.091 80.334 89.184 97.680 103.010 107.783 113.512 117.524
82 52.767 55.174 58.845 62.132 66.076 73.038 81.334 90.237 98.780 104.139 108.937 114.695 118.726
83 53.567 55.993 59.692 63.004 66.976 73.985 82.334 91.289 99.880 105.267 110.090 115.876 119.927
84 54.368 56.813 60.540 63.876 67.876 74.933 83.334 92.342 100.980 106.395 111.242 117.057 121.126
85 55.170 57.634 61.389 64.749 68.777 75.881 84.334 93.394 102.079 107.522 112.393 118.236 122.324
4
Distribuição Qui-quadrado
1-a
n
0.005 0.01 0.025 0.05 0.1 0.25 0.5 0.75 0.9 0.95 0.975 0.99 0.995
86 55.973 58.456 62.239 65.623 69.679 76.829 85.334 94.446 103.177 108.648 113.544 119.414 123.522
87 56.777 59.279 63.089 66.498 70.581 77.777 86.334 95.497 104.275 109.773 114.693 120.591 124.718
88 57.582 60.103 63.941 67.373 71.484 78.726 87.334 96.548 105.372 110.898 115.841 121.767 125.912
89 58.389 60.928 64.793 68.249 72.387 79.675 88.334 97.599 106.469 112.022 116.989 122.942 127.106
90 59.196 61.754 65.647 69.126 73.291 80.625 89.334 98.650 107.565 113.145 118.136 124.116 128.299
91 60.005 62.581 66.501 70.003 74.196 81.574 90.334 99.700 108.661 114.268 119.282 125.289 129.490
92 60.815 63.409 67.356 70.882 75.100 82.524 91.334 100.750 109.756 115.390 120.427 126.462 130.681
93 61.625 64.238 68.211 71.760 76.006 83.474 92.334 101.800 110.850 116.511 121.571 127.633 131.871
94 62.437 65.068 69.068 72.640 76.912 84.425 93.334 102.850 111.944 117.632 122.715 128.803 133.059
95 63.250 65.898 69.925 73.520 77.818 85.376 94.334 103.899 113.038 118.752 123.858 129.973 134.247
96 64.063 66.730 70.783 74.401 78.725 86.327 95.334 104.948 114.131 119.871 125.000 131.141 135.433
97 64.878 67.562 71.642 75.282 79.633 87.278 96.334 105.997 115.223 120.990 126.141 132.309 136.619
98 65.693 68.396 72.501 76.164 80.541 88.229 97.334 107.045 116.315 122.108 127.282 133.476 137.803
99 66.510 69.230 73.361 77.046 81.449 89.181 98.334 108.093 117.407 123.225 128.422 134.641 138.987
100 67.328 70.065 74.222 77.929 82.358 90.133 99.334 109.141 118.498 124.342 129.561 135.807 140.170
5
3. Distribuição t-Student
Se Tt-Student(n) então P[Tt]=1. Por exemplo, se 0.5
Tt(5) então P[T2.015]=0.95 ou t0.95;(5)=2.015 como se 0.4

ilustra na figura ao lado (Adaptado de Maroco & Bispo,
0.3
f(t)
2003).
0.2
1-
2.015
0.1 0.95
0.05
0.0
-4 -2 0 2 4
t
1- a
n
0.75 0.8 0.85 0.9 0.95 0.975 0.99 0.995 0.9995
1 1.000 1.376 1.963 3.078 6.314 12.706 31.821 63.656 636.578
2 0.816 1.061 1.386 1.886 2.920 4.303 6.965 9.925 31.600
3 0.765 0.978 1.250 1.638 2.353 3.182 4.541 5.841 12.924
4 0.741 0.941 1.190 1.533 2.132 2.776 3.747 4.604 8.610
5 0.727 0.920 1.156 1.476 2.015 2.571 3.365 4.032 6.869
6 0.718 0.906 1.134 1.440 1.943 2.447 3.143 3.707 5.959
7 0.711 0.896 1.119 1.415 1.895 2.365 2.998 3.499 5.408
8 0.706 0.889 1.108 1.397 1.860 2.306 2.896 3.355 5.041
9 0.703 0.883 1.100 1.383 1.833 2.262 2.821 3.250 4.781
10 0.700 0.879 1.093 1.372 1.812 2.228 2.764 3.169 4.587
11 0.697 0.876 1.088 1.363 1.796 2.201 2.718 3.106 4.437
12 0.695 0.873 1.083 1.356 1.782 2.179 2.681 3.055 4.318
13 0.694 0.870 1.079 1.350 1.771 2.160 2.650 3.012 4.221
14 0.692 0.868 1.076 1.345 1.761 2.145 2.624 2.977 4.140
15 0.691 0.866 1.074 1.341 1.753 2.131 2.602 2.947 4.073
16 0.690 0.865 1.071 1.337 1.746 2.120 2.583 2.921 4.015
17 0.689 0.863 1.069 1.333 1.740 2.110 2.567 2.898 3.965
18 0.688 0.862 1.067 1.330 1.734 2.101 2.552 2.878 3.922
19 0.688 0.861 1.066 1.328 1.729 2.093 2.539 2.861 3.883
20 0.687 0.860 1.064 1.325 1.725 2.086 2.528 2.845 3.850
21 0.686 0.859 1.063 1.323 1.721 2.080 2.518 2.831 3.819
22 0.686 0.858 1.061 1.321 1.717 2.074 2.508 2.819 3.792
23 0.685 0.858 1.060 1.319 1.714 2.069 2.500 2.807 3.768
24 0.685 0.857 1.059 1.318 1.711 2.064 2.492 2.797 3.745
25 0.684 0.856 1.058 1.316 1.708 2.060 2.485 2.787 3.725
26 0.684 0.856 1.058 1.315 1.706 2.056 2.479 2.779 3.707
27 0.684 0.855 1.057 1.314 1.703 2.052 2.473 2.771 3.689
28 0.683 0.855 1.056 1.313 1.701 2.048 2.467 2.763 3.674
29 0.683 0.854 1.055 1.311 1.699 2.045 2.462 2.756 3.660
30 0.683 0.854 1.055 1.310 1.697 2.042 2.457 2.750 3.646
31 0.682 0.853 1.054 1.309 1.696 2.040 2.453 2.744 3.633
32 0.682 0.853 1.054 1.309 1.694 2.037 2.449 2.738 3.622
6
Distribuição t-Student
1-a
n
0.75 0.8 0.85 0.9 0.95 0.975 0.99 0.995 0.9995
33 0.682 0.853 1.053 1.308 1.692 2.035 2.445 2.733 3.611
34 0.682 0.852 1.052 1.307 1.691 2.032 2.441 2.728 3.601
35 0.682 0.852 1.052 1.306 1.690 2.030 2.438 2.724 3.591
36 0.681 0.852 1.052 1.306 1.688 2.028 2.434 2.719 3.582
37 0.681 0.851 1.051 1.305 1.687 2.026 2.431 2.715 3.574
38 0.681 0.851 1.051 1.304 1.686 2.024 2.429 2.712 3.566
39 0.681 0.851 1.050 1.304 1.685 2.023 2.426 2.708 3.558
40 0.681 0.851 1.050 1.303 1.684 2.021 2.423 2.704 3.551
41 0.681 0.850 1.050 1.303 1.683 2.020 2.421 2.701 3.544
42 0.680 0.850 1.049 1.302 1.682 2.018 2.418 2.698 3.538
43 0.680 0.850 1.049 1.302 1.681 2.017 2.416 2.695 3.532
44 0.680 0.850 1.049 1.301 1.680 2.015 2.414 2.692 3.526
45 0.680 0.850 1.049 1.301 1.679 2.014 2.412 2.690 3.520
46 0.680 0.850 1.048 1.300 1.679 2.013 2.410 2.687 3.515
47 0.680 0.849 1.048 1.300 1.678 2.012 2.408 2.685 3.510
48 0.680 0.849 1.048 1.299 1.677 2.011 2.407 2.682 3.505
49 0.680 0.849 1.048 1.299 1.677 2.010 2.405 2.680 3.500
50 0.679 0.849 1.047 1.299 1.676 2.009 2.403 2.678 3.496
51 0.679 0.849 1.047 1.298 1.675 2.008 2.402 2.676 3.492
52 0.679 0.849 1.047 1.298 1.675 2.007 2.400 2.674 3.488
53 0.679 0.848 1.047 1.298 1.674 2.006 2.399 2.672 3.484
54 0.679 0.848 1.046 1.297 1.674 2.005 2.397 2.670 3.480
55 0.679 0.848 1.046 1.297 1.673 2.004 2.396 2.668 3.476
56 0.679 0.848 1.046 1.297 1.673 2.003 2.395 2.667 3.473
57 0.679 0.848 1.046 1.297 1.672 2.002 2.394 2.665 3.469
58 0.679 0.848 1.046 1.296 1.672 2.002 2.392 2.663 3.466
59 0.679 0.848 1.046 1.296 1.671 2.001 2.391 2.662 3.463
60 0.679 0.848 1.045 1.296 1.671 2.000 2.390 2.660 3.460
61 0.679 0.848 1.045 1.296 1.670 2.000 2.389 2.659 3.457
62 0.678 0.847 1.045 1.295 1.670 1.999 2.388 2.657 3.454
63 0.678 0.847 1.045 1.295 1.669 1.998 2.387 2.656 3.452
64 0.678 0.847 1.045 1.295 1.669 1.998 2.386 2.655 3.449
65 0.678 0.847 1.045 1.295 1.669 1.997 2.385 2.654 3.447
66 0.678 0.847 1.045 1.295 1.668 1.997 2.384 2.652 3.444
67 0.678 0.847 1.045 1.294 1.668 1.996 2.383 2.651 3.442
68 0.678 0.847 1.044 1.294 1.668 1.995 2.382 2.650 3.439
69 0.678 0.847 1.044 1.294 1.667 1.995 2.382 2.649 3.437
70 0.678 0.847 1.044 1.294 1.667 1.994 2.381 2.648 3.435
71 0.678 0.847 1.044 1.294 1.667 1.994 2.380 2.647 3.433
72 0.678 0.847 1.044 1.293 1.666 1.993 2.379 2.646 3.431
73 0.678 0.847 1.044 1.293 1.666 1.993 2.379 2.645 3.429
74 0.678 0.847 1.044 1.293 1.666 1.993 2.378 2.644 3.427
75 0.678 0.846 1.044 1.293 1.665 1.992 2.377 2.643 3.425
76 0.678 0.846 1.044 1.293 1.665 1.992 2.376 2.642 3.423
77 0.678 0.846 1.043 1.293 1.665 1.991 2.376 2.641 3.421
78 0.678 0.846 1.043 1.292 1.665 1.991 2.375 2.640 3.420
79 0.678 0.846 1.043 1.292 1.664 1.990 2.374 2.639 3.418
80 0.678 0.846 1.043 1.292 1.664 1.990 2.374 2.639 3.416
81 0.678 0.846 1.043 1.292 1.664 1.990 2.373 2.638 3.415
7
Distribuição t-Student
1-a
n
0.75 0.8 0.85 0.9 0.95 0.975 0.99 0.995 0.9995
82 0.677 0.846 1.043 1.292 1.664 1.989 2.373 2.637 3.413
83 0.677 0.846 1.043 1.292 1.663 1.989 2.372 2.636 3.412
84 0.677 0.846 1.043 1.292 1.663 1.989 2.372 2.636 3.410
85 0.677 0.846 1.043 1.292 1.663 1.988 2.371 2.635 3.409
86 0.677 0.846 1.043 1.291 1.663 1.988 2.370 2.634 3.407
87 0.677 0.846 1.043 1.291 1.663 1.988 2.370 2.634 3.406
88 0.677 0.846 1.043 1.291 1.662 1.987 2.369 2.633 3.405
89 0.677 0.846 1.043 1.291 1.662 1.987 2.369 2.632 3.403
90 0.677 0.846 1.042 1.291 1.662 1.987 2.368 2.632 3.402
91 0.677 0.846 1.042 1.291 1.662 1.986 2.368 2.631 3.401
92 0.677 0.846 1.042 1.291 1.662 1.986 2.368 2.630 3.399
93 0.677 0.846 1.042 1.291 1.661 1.986 2.367 2.630 3.398
94 0.677 0.845 1.042 1.291 1.661 1.986 2.367 2.629 3.397
95 0.677 0.845 1.042 1.291 1.661 1.985 2.366 2.629 3.396
96 0.677 0.845 1.042 1.290 1.661 1.985 2.366 2.628 3.395
97 0.677 0.845 1.042 1.290 1.661 1.985 2.365 2.627 3.394
98 0.677 0.845 1.042 1.290 1.661 1.984 2.365 2.627 3.393
99 0.677 0.845 1.042 1.290 1.660 1.984 2.365 2.626 3.391
100 0.677 0.845 1.042 1.290 1.660 1.984 2.364 2.626 3.390
 0.675 0.842 1.037 1.282 1.646 1.962 2.330 2.581 3.300
8
4. Distribuição F-Snedecor 1.0
0.8
Se FF-Snedecor (n,d) então P[Ff]=1-. Por exemplo, se FF(10,4) então P[F3.92]=0.90 ou f0.90(10,4) = 3.92 como se
0.6
ilustra na figura ao lado (Adaptado de Maroco & Bispo, 2003).
f(f)
0.4
1-
3.92
0.2 0.90
0.1
0.0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
f
g.l. n
1
g.l. d 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 20 30 40 60 100 200 
1 0.900 39.9 49.5 53.6 55.8 57.2 58.2 58.9 59.4 59.9 60.2 60.5 60.7 60.9 61.1 61.2 61.3 61.5 61.6 61.7 61.7 62.3 62.5
0.950 161.4 199.5 215.7 224.6 230.2 234.0 236.8 238.9 240.5 241.9 243.0 243.9 244.7 245.4 245.9 246.5 246.9 247.3 247.7 248.0 250.1 251.1
0.975 647.8 799.5 864.2 899.6 921.8 937.1 948.2 956.6 963.3 968.6 973.0 976.7 979.8 982.5 984.9 986.9 988.7 990.3 991.8 993.1 1001.4 1005.6
0.990 4052. 4999.3 5403.5 5624.3 5764.0 5859.0 5928.3 5981.0 6022.4 6055.9 6083.4 6106.7 6125.8 6143.0 6157.0 6170.0 6181.2 6191.4 6200.7 6208.7 6260.4 6286.4
0.995 16212 19997.4 21614.1 22500.8 23055.8 23439.5 23715.2 23923.8 24091.5 24221.8 24333.6 24426.7 24505.0 24572.0 24631.6 24683.8 24728.5 24765.7 24803.0 24836.5 25041.4 25145.7
2 0.900 8.53 9.00 9.16 9.24 9.29 9.33 9.35 9.37 9.38 9.39 9.40 9.41 9.41 9.42 9.42 9.44 9.46 9.47 9.47 9.48 9.49 9.49
0.950 18.51 19.00 19.16 19.25 19.30 19.33 19.35 19.37 19.38 19.40 19.40 19.41 19.42 19.42 19.43 19.45 19.46 19.47 19.48 19.49 19.49 19.49
0.975 38.51 39.00 39.17 39.25 39.30 39.33 39.36 39.37 39.39 39.40 39.41 39.41 39.42 39.43 39.43 39.45 39.46 39.47 39.48 39.49 39.49 39.50
0.990 98.50 99.00 99.16 99.25 99.30 99.33 99.36 99.38 99.39 99.40 99.41 99.42 99.42 99.43 99.43 99.45 99.47 99.48 99.48 99.49 99.49 99.50
0.995 198.5 199.01 199.16 199.24 199.30 199.33 199.36 199.38 199.39 199.39 199.42 199.42 199.42 199.42 199.43 199.45 199.48 199.48 199.48 199.48 199.49 199.51
3 0.900 5.54 5.46 5.39 5.34 5.31 5.28 5.27 5.25 5.24 5.23 5.22 5.22 5.21 5.20 5.20 5.18 5.17 5.16 5.15 5.14 5.14 5.13
0.950 10.13 9.55 9.28 9.12 9.01 8.94 8.89 8.85 8.81 8.79 8.76 8.74 8.73 8.71 8.70 8.66 8.62 8.59 8.57 8.55 8.54 8.53
0.975 17.44 16.04 15.44 15.10 14.88 14.73 14.62 14.54 14.47 14.42 14.37 14.34 14.30 14.28 14.25 14.17 14.08 14.04 13.99 13.96 13.93 13.91
0.990 34.12 30.82 29.46 28.71 28.24 27.91 27.67 27.49 27.34 27.23 27.13 27.05 26.98 26.92 26.87 26.69 26.50 26.41 26.32 26.24 26.18 26.14
0.995 55.55 49.80 47.47 46.20 45.39 44.84 44.43 44.13 43.88 43.68 43.52 43.39 43.27 43.17 43.08 42.78 42.47 42.31 42.15 42.02 41.92 41.85
4 0.900 4.54 4.32 4.19 4.11 4.05 4.01 3.98 3.95 3.94 3.92 3.91 3.90 3.89 3.88 3.87 3.84 3.82 3.80 3.79 3.78 3.77 3.76
0.950 7.71 6.94 6.59 6.39 6.26 6.16 6.09 6.04 6.00 5.96 5.94 5.91 5.89 5.87 5.86 5.80 5.75 5.72 5.69 5.66 5.65 5.63
0.975 12.22 10.65 9.98 9.60 9.36 9.20 9.07 8.98 8.90 8.84 8.79 8.75 8.72 8.68 8.66 8.56 8.46 8.41 8.36 8.32 8.29 8.26
0.990 21.20 18.00 16.69 15.98 15.52 15.21 14.98 14.80 14.66 14.55 14.45 14.37 14.31 14.25 14.20 14.02 13.84 13.75 13.65 13.58 13.52 13.47
0.995 31.33 26.28 24.26 23.15 22.46 21.98 21.62 21.35 21.14 20.97 20.82 20.70 20.60 20.51 20.44 20.17 19.89 19.75 19.61 19.50 19.41 19.34
9
Distribuição F-Snedecor
g.l. n
1
g.l. d 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 20 30 40 60 100 200 
5 0.900 4.06 3.78 3.62 3.52 3.45 3.40 3.37 3.34 3.32 3.30 3.28 3.27 3.26 3.25 3.24 3.21 3.17 3.16 3.14 3.13 3.12 3.11
0.950 6.61 5.79 5.41 5.19 5.05 4.95 4.88 4.82 4.77 4.74 4.70 4.68 4.66 4.64 4.62 4.56 4.50 4.46 4.43 4.41 4.39 4.37
0.975 10.01 8.43 7.76 7.39 7.15 6.98 6.85 6.76 6.68 6.62 6.57 6.52 6.49 6.46 6.43 6.33 6.23 6.18 6.12 6.08 6.05 6.02
0.990 16.26 13.27 12.06 11.39 10.97 10.67 10.46 10.29 10.16 10.05 9.96 9.89 9.82 9.77 9.72 9.55 9.38 9.29 9.20 9.13 9.08 9.03
0.995 22.78 18.31 16.53 15.56 14.94 14.51 14.20 13.96 13.77 13.62 13.49 13.38 13.29 13.21 13.15 12.90 12.66 12.53 12.40 12.30 12.22 12.16
6 0.900 3.78 3.46 3.29 3.18 3.11 3.05 3.01 2.98 2.96 2.94 2.92 2.90 2.89 2.88 2.87 2.84 2.80 2.78 2.76 2.75 2.73 2.72
0.950 5.99 5.14 4.76 4.53 4.39 4.28 4.21 4.15 4.10 4.06 4.03 4.00 3.98 3.96 3.94 3.87 3.81 3.77 3.74 3.71 3.69 3.67
0.975 8.81 7.26 6.60 6.23 5.99 5.82 5.70 5.60 5.52 5.46 5.41 5.37 5.33 5.30 5.27 5.17 5.07 5.01 4.96 4.92 4.88 4.86
0.990 13.75 10.92 9.78 9.15 8.75 8.47 8.26 8.10 7.98 7.87 7.79 7.72 7.66 7.60 7.56 7.40 7.23 7.14 7.06 6.99 6.93 6.89
0.995 18.63 14.54 12.92 12.03 11.46 11.07 10.79 10.57 10.39 10.25 10.13 10.03 9.95 9.88 9.81 9.59 9.36 9.24 9.12 9.03 8.95 8.89
7 0.900 3.59 3.26 3.07 2.96 2.88 2.83 2.78 2.75 2.72 2.70 2.68 2.67 2.65 2.64 2.63 2.59 2.56 2.54 2.51 2.50 2.48 2.47
0.950 5.59 4.74 4.35 4.12 3.97 3.87 3.79 3.73 3.68 3.64 3.60 3.57 3.55 3.53 3.51 3.44 3.38 3.34 3.30 3.27 3.25 3.23
0.975 8.07 6.54 5.89 5.52 5.29 5.12 4.99 4.90 4.82 4.76 4.71 4.67 4.63 4.60 4.57 4.47 4.36 4.31 4.25 4.21 4.18 4.15
0.990 12.25 9.55 8.45 7.85 7.46 7.19 6.99 6.84 6.72 6.62 6.54 6.47 6.41 6.36 6.31 6.16 5.99 5.91 5.82 5.75 5.70 5.66
0.995 16.24 12.40 10.88 10.05 9.52 9.16 8.89 8.68 8.51 8.38 8.27 8.18 8.10 8.03 7.97 7.75 7.53 7.42 7.31 7.22 7.15 7.09
8 0.900 3.46 3.11 2.92 2.81 2.73 2.67 2.62 2.59 2.56 2.54 2.52 2.50 2.49 2.48 2.46 2.42 2.38 2.36 2.34 2.32 2.31 2.30
0.950 5.32 4.46 4.07 3.84 3.69 3.58 3.50 3.44 3.39 3.35 3.31 3.28 3.26 3.24 3.22 3.15 3.08 3.04 3.01 2.97 2.95 2.93
0.975 7.57 6.06 5.42 5.05 4.82 4.65 4.53 4.43 4.36 4.30 4.24 4.20 4.16 4.13 4.10 4.00 3.89 3.84 3.78 3.74 3.70 3.68
0.990 11.26 8.65 7.59 7.01 6.63 6.37 6.18 6.03 5.91 5.81 5.73 5.67 5.61 5.56 5.52 5.36 5.20 5.12 5.03 4.96 4.91 4.87
0.995 14.69 11.04 9.60 8.81 8.30 7.95 7.69 7.50 7.34 7.21 7.10 7.01 6.94 6.87 6.81 6.61 6.40 6.29 6.18 6.09 6.02 5.96
9 0.900 3.36 3.01 2.81 2.69 2.61 2.55 2.51 2.47 2.44 2.42 2.40 2.38 2.36 2.35 2.34 2.30 2.25 2.23 2.21 2.19 2.17 2.16
0.950 5.12 4.26 3.86 3.63 3.48 3.37 3.29 3.23 3.18 3.14 3.10 3.07 3.05 3.03 3.01 2.94 2.86 2.83 2.79 2.76 2.73 2.71
0.975 7.21 5.71 5.08 4.72 4.48 4.32 4.20 4.10 4.03 3.96 3.91 3.87 3.83 3.80 3.77 3.67 3.56 3.51 3.45 3.40 3.37 3.34
0.990 10.56 8.02 6.99 6.42 6.06 5.80 5.61 5.47 5.35 5.26 5.18 5.11 5.05 5.01 4.96 4.81 4.65 4.57 4.48 4.41 4.36 4.32
0.995 13.61 10.11 8.72 7.96 7.47 7.13 6.88 6.69 6.54 6.42 6.31 6.23 6.15 6.09 6.03 5.83 5.62 5.52 5.41 5.32 5.26 5.20
10 0.900 3.29 2.92 2.73 2.61 2.52 2.46 2.41 2.38 2.35 2.32 2.30 2.28 2.27 2.26 2.24 2.20 2.16 2.13 2.11 2.09 2.07 2.06
0.950 4.96 4.10 3.71 3.48 3.33 3.22 3.14 3.07 3.02 2.98 2.94 2.91 2.89 2.86 2.85 2.77 2.70 2.66 2.62 2.59 2.56 2.54
0.975 6.94 5.46 4.83 4.47 4.24 4.07 3.95 3.85 3.78 3.72 3.66 3.62 3.58 3.55 3.52 3.42 3.31 3.26 3.20 3.15 3.12 3.09
0.990 10.04 7.56 6.55 5.99 5.64 5.39 5.20 5.06 4.94 4.85 4.77 4.71 4.65 4.60 4.56 4.41 4.25 4.17 4.08 4.01 3.96 3.92
0.995 12.83 9.43 8.08 7.34 6.87 6.54 6.30 6.12 5.97 5.85 5.75 5.66 5.59 5.53 5.47 5.27 5.07 4.97 4.86 4.77 4.71 4.65
11 0.900 3.23 2.86 2.66 2.54 2.45 2.39 2.34 2.30 2.27 2.25 2.23 2.21 2.19 2.18 2.17 2.12 2.08 2.05 2.03 2.01 1.99 1.98
0.950 4.84 3.98 3.59 3.36 3.20 3.09 3.01 2.95 2.90 2.85 2.82 2.79 2.76 2.74 2.72 2.65 2.57 2.53 2.49 2.46 2.43 2.41
0.975 6.72 5.26 4.63 4.28 4.04 3.88 3.76 3.66 3.59 3.53 3.47 3.43 3.39 3.36 3.33 3.23 3.12 3.06 3.00 2.96 2.92 2.89
0.990 9.65 7.21 6.22 5.67 5.32 5.07 4.89 4.74 4.63 4.54 4.46 4.40 4.34 4.29 4.25 4.10 3.94 3.86 3.78 3.71 3.66 3.61
0.995 12.23 8.91 7.60 6.88 6.42 6.10 5.86 5.68 5.54 5.42 5.32 5.24 5.16 5.10 5.05 4.86 4.65 4.55 4.45 4.36 4.29 4.24
12 0.900 3.18 2.81 2.61 2.48 2.39 2.33 2.28 2.24 2.21 2.19 2.17 2.15 2.13 2.12 2.10 2.06 2.01 1.99 1.96 1.94 1.92 1.91
0.950 4.75 3.89 3.49 3.26 3.11 3.00 2.91 2.85 2.80 2.75 2.72 2.69 2.66 2.64 2.62 2.54 2.47 2.43 2.38 2.35 2.32 2.30
10
g.l. n
1
g.l. d 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 20 30 40 60 100 200 
0.975 6.55 5.10 4.47 4.12 3.89 3.73 3.61 3.51 3.44 3.37 3.32 3.28 3.24 3.21 3.18 3.07 2.96 2.91 2.85 2.80 2.76 2.73
0.990 9.33 6.93 5.95 5.41 5.06 4.82 4.64 4.50 4.39 4.30 4.22 4.16 4.10 4.05 4.01 3.86 3.70 3.62 3.54 3.47 3.41 3.37
0.995 11.75 8.51 7.23 6.52 6.07 5.76 5.52 5.35 5.20 5.09 4.99 4.91 4.84 4.77 4.72 4.53 4.33 4.23 4.12 4.04 3.97 3.92
13 0.900 3.14 2.76 2.56 2.43 2.35 2.28 2.23 2.20 2.16 2.14 2.12 2.10 2.08 2.07 2.05 2.01 1.96 1.93 1.90 1.88 1.86 1.85
0.950 4.67 3.81 3.41 3.18 3.03 2.92 2.83 2.77 2.71 2.67 2.63 2.60 2.58 2.55 2.53 2.46 2.38 2.34 2.30 2.26 2.23 2.21
0.975 6.41 4.97 4.35 4.00 3.77 3.60 3.48 3.39 3.31 3.25 3.20 3.15 3.12 3.08 3.05 2.95 2.84 2.78 2.72 2.67 2.63 2.60
0.990 9.07 6.70 5.74 5.21 4.86 4.62 4.44 4.30 4.19 4.10 4.02 3.96 3.91 3.86 3.82 3.66 3.51 3.43 3.34 3.27 3.22 3.18
0.995 11.37 8.19 6.93 6.23 5.79 5.48 5.25 5.08 4.94 4.82 4.72 4.64 4.57 4.51 4.46 4.27 4.07 3.97 3.87 3.78 3.71 3.66
14 0.900 3.10 2.73 2.52 2.39 2.31 2.24 2.19 2.15 2.12 2.10 2.07 2.05 2.04 2.02 2.01 1.96 1.91 1.89 1.86 1.83 1.82 1.80
0.950 4.60 3.74 3.34 3.11 2.96 2.85 2.76 2.70 2.65 2.60 2.57 2.53 2.51 2.48 2.46 2.39 2.31 2.27 2.22 2.19 2.16 2.14
0.975 6.30 4.86 4.24 3.89 3.66 3.50 3.38 3.29 3.21 3.15 3.09 3.05 3.01 2.98 2.95 2.84 2.73 2.67 2.61 2.56 2.53 2.50
0.990 8.86 6.51 5.56 5.04 4.69 4.46 4.28 4.14 4.03 3.94 3.86 3.80 3.75 3.70 3.66 3.51 3.35 3.27 3.18 3.11 3.06 3.02
0.995 11.06 7.92 6.68 6.00 5.56 5.26 5.03 4.86 4.72 4.60 4.51 4.43 4.36 4.30 4.25 4.06 3.86 3.76 3.66 3.57 3.50 3.45
15 0.900 3.07 2.70 2.49 2.36 2.27 2.21 2.16 2.12 2.09 2.06 2.04 2.02 2.00 1.99 1.97 1.92 1.87 1.85 1.82 1.79 1.77 1.76
0.950 4.54 3.68 3.29 3.06 2.90 2.79 2.71 2.64 2.59 2.54 2.51 2.48 2.45 2.42 2.40 2.33 2.25 2.20 2.16 2.12 2.10 2.07
0.975 6.20 4.77 4.15 3.80 3.58 3.41 3.29 3.20 3.12 3.06 3.01 2.96 2.92 2.89 2.86 2.76 2.64 2.59 2.52 2.47 2.44 2.40
0.990 8.68 6.36 5.42 4.89 4.56 4.32 4.14 4.00 3.89 3.80 3.73 3.67 3.61 3.56 3.52 3.37 3.21 3.13 3.05 2.98 2.92 2.88
0.995 10.80 7.70 6.48 5.80 5.37 5.07 4.85 4.67 4.54 4.42 4.33 4.25 4.18 4.12 4.07 3.88 3.69 3.59 3.48 3.39 3.33 3.27
16 0.900 3.05 2.67 2.46 2.33 2.24 2.18 2.13 2.09 2.06 2.03 2.01 1.99 1.97 1.95 1.94 1.89 1.84 1.81 1.78 1.76 1.74 1.72
0.950 4.49 3.63 3.24 3.01 2.85 2.74 2.66 2.59 2.54 2.49 2.46 2.42 2.40 2.37 2.35 2.28 2.19 2.15 2.11 2.07 2.04 2.02
0.975 6.12 4.69 4.08 3.73 3.50 3.34 3.22 3.12 3.05 2.99 2.93 2.89 2.85 2.82 2.79 2.68 2.57 2.51 2.45 2.40 2.36 2.32
0.990 8.53 6.23 5.29 4.77 4.44 4.20 4.03 3.89 3.78 3.69 3.62 3.55 3.50 3.45 3.41 3.26 3.10 3.02 2.93 2.86 2.81 2.76
0.995 10.58 7.51 6.30 5.64 5.21 4.91 4.69 4.52 4.38 4.27 4.18 4.10 4.03 3.97 3.92 3.73 3.54 3.44 3.33 3.25 3.18 3.13
17 0.900 3.03 2.64 2.44 2.31 2.22 2.15 2.10 2.06 2.03 2.00 1.98 1.96 1.94 1.93 1.91 1.86 1.81 1.78 1.75 1.73 1.71 1.69
0.950 4.45 3.59 3.20 2.96 2.81 2.70 2.61 2.55 2.49 2.45 2.41 2.38 2.35 2.33 2.31 2.23 2.15 2.10 2.06 2.02 1.99 1.97
0.975 6.04 4.62 4.01 3.66 3.44 3.28 3.16 3.06 2.98 2.92 2.87 2.82 2.79 2.75 2.72 2.62 2.50 2.44 2.38 2.33 2.29 2.26
0.990 8.40 6.11 5.19 4.67 4.34 4.10 3.93 3.79 3.68 3.59 3.52 3.46 3.40 3.35 3.31 3.16 3.00 2.92 2.83 2.76 2.71 2.66
0.995 10.38 7.35 6.16 5.50 5.07 4.78 4.56 4.39 4.25 4.14 4.05 3.97 3.90 3.84 3.79 3.61 3.41 3.31 3.21 3.12 3.05 3.00
18 0.900 3.01 2.62 2.42 2.29 2.20 2.13 2.08 2.04 2.00 1.98 1.95 1.93 1.92 1.90 1.89 1.84 1.78 1.75 1.72 1.70 1.68 1.66
0.950 4.41 3.55 3.16 2.93 2.77 2.66 2.58 2.51 2.46 2.41 2.37 2.34 2.31 2.29 2.27 2.19 2.11 2.06 2.02 1.98 1.95 1.92
0.975 5.98 4.56 3.95 3.61 3.38 3.22 3.10 3.01 2.93 2.87 2.81 2.77 2.73 2.70 2.67 2.56 2.44 2.38 2.32 2.27 2.23 2.20
0.990 8.29 6.01 5.09 4.58 4.25 4.01 3.84 3.71 3.60 3.51 3.43 3.37 3.32 3.27 3.23 3.08 2.92 2.84 2.75 2.68 2.62 2.58
0.995 10.22 7.21 6.03 5.37 4.96 4.66 4.44 4.28 4.14 4.03 3.94 3.86 3.79 3.73 3.68 3.50 3.30 3.20 3.10 3.01 2.94 2.89
19 0.900 2.99 2.61 2.40 2.27 2.18 2.11 2.06 2.02 1.98 1.96 1.93 1.91 1.89 1.88 1.86 1.81 1.76 1.73 1.70 1.67 1.65 1.64
0.950 4.38 3.52 3.13 2.90 2.74 2.63 2.54 2.48 2.42 2.38 2.34 2.31 2.28 2.26 2.23 2.16 2.07 2.03 1.98 1.94 1.91 1.88
0.975 5.92 4.51 3.90 3.56 3.33 3.17 3.05 2.96 2.88 2.82 2.76 2.72 2.68 2.65 2.62 2.51 2.39 2.33 2.27 2.22 2.18 2.14
0.990 8.18 5.93 5.01 4.50 4.17 3.94 3.77 3.63 3.52 3.43 3.36 3.30 3.24 3.19 3.15 3.00 2.84 2.76 2.67 2.60 2.55 2.50
11
g.l. n
1
g.l. d 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 20 30 40 60 100 200 
0.995 10.07 7.09 5.92 5.27 4.85 4.56 4.34 4.18 4.04 3.93 3.84 3.76 3.70 3.64 3.59 3.40 3.21 3.11 3.00 2.91 2.85 2.79
20 0.900 2.97 2.59 2.38 2.25 2.16 2.09 2.04 2.00 1.96 1.94 1.91 1.89 1.87 1.86 1.84 1.79 1.74 1.71 1.68 1.65 1.63 1.61
0.950 4.35 3.49 3.10 2.87 2.71 2.60 2.51 2.45 2.39 2.35 2.31 2.28 2.25 2.22 2.20 2.12 2.04 1.99 1.95 1.91 1.88 1.85
0.975 5.87 4.46 3.86 3.51 3.29 3.13 3.01 2.91 2.84 2.77 2.72 2.68 2.64 2.60 2.57 2.46 2.35 2.29 2.22 2.17 2.13 2.09
0.990 8.10 5.85 4.94 4.43 4.10 3.87 3.70 3.56 3.46 3.37 3.29 3.23 3.18 3.13 3.09 2.94 2.78 2.69 2.61 2.54 2.48 2.43
0.995 9.94 6.99 5.82 5.17 4.76 4.47 4.26 4.09 3.96 3.85 3.76 3.68 3.61 3.55 3.50 3.32 3.12 3.02 2.92 2.83 2.76 2.70
30 0.900 2.88 2.49 2.28 2.14 2.05 1.98 1.93 1.88 1.85 1.82 1.79 1.77 1.75 1.74 1.72 1.67 1.61 1.57 1.54 1.51 1.48 1.46
0.950 4.17 3.32 2.92 2.69 2.53 2.42 2.33 2.27 2.21 2.16 2.13 2.09 2.06 2.04 2.01 1.93 1.84 1.79 1.74 1.70 1.66 1.63
0.975 5.57 4.18 3.59 3.25 3.03 2.87 2.75 2.65 2.57 2.51 2.46 2.41 2.37 2.34 2.31 2.20 2.07 2.01 1.94 1.88 1.84 1.80
0.990 7.56 5.39 4.51 4.02 3.70 3.47 3.30 3.17 3.07 2.98 2.91 2.84 2.79 2.74 2.70 2.55 2.39 2.30 2.21 2.13 2.07 2.02
0.995 9.18 6.35 5.24 4.62 4.23 3.95 3.74 3.58 3.45 3.34 3.25 3.18 3.11 3.06 3.01 2.82 2.63 2.52 2.42 2.32 2.25 2.19
40 0.900 2.84 2.44 2.23 2.09 2.00 1.93 1.87 1.83 1.79 1.76 1.74 1.71 1.70 1.68 1.66 1.61 1.54 1.51 1.47 1.43 1.41 1.38
0.950 4.08 3.23 2.84 2.61 2.45 2.34 2.25 2.18 2.12 2.08 2.04 2.00 1.97 1.95 1.92 1.84 1.74 1.69 1.64 1.59 1.55 1.52
0.975 5.42 4.05 3.46 3.13 2.90 2.74 2.62 2.53 2.45 2.39 2.33 2.29 2.25 2.21 2.18 2.07 1.94 1.88 1.80 1.74 1.69 1.65
0.990 7.31 5.18 4.31 3.83 3.51 3.29 3.12 2.99 2.89 2.80 2.73 2.66 2.61 2.56 2.52 2.37 2.20 2.11 2.02 1.94 1.87 1.82
0.995 8.83 6.07 4.98 4.37 3.99 3.71 3.51 3.35 3.22 3.12 3.03 2.95 2.89 2.83 2.78 2.60 2.40 2.30 2.18 2.09 2.01 1.95
60 0.900 2.79 2.39 2.18 2.04 1.95 1.87 1.82 1.77 1.74 1.71 1.68 1.66 1.64 1.62 1.60 1.54 1.48 1.44 1.40 1.36 1.33 1.30
0.950 4.00 3.15 2.76 2.53 2.37 2.25 2.17 2.10 2.04 1.99 1.95 1.92 1.89 1.86 1.84 1.75 1.65 1.59 1.53 1.48 1.44 1.40
0.975 5.29 3.93 3.34 3.01 2.79 2.63 2.51 2.41 2.33 2.27 2.22 2.17 2.13 2.09 2.06 1.94 1.82 1.74 1.67 1.60 1.54 1.49
0.990 7.08 4.98 4.13 3.65 3.34 3.12 2.95 2.82 2.72 2.63 2.56 2.50 2.44 2.39 2.35 2.20 2.03 1.94 1.84 1.75 1.68 1.62
0.995 8.49 5.79 4.73 4.14 3.76 3.49 3.29 3.13 3.01 2.90 2.82 2.74 2.68 2.62 2.57 2.39 2.19 2.08 1.96 1.86 1.78 1.71
100 0.900 2.76 2.36 2.14 2.00 1.91 1.83 1.78 1.73 1.69 1.66 1.64 1.61 1.59 1.57 1.56 1.49 1.42 1.38 1.34 1.29 1.26 1.22
0.950 3.94 3.09 2.70 2.46 2.31 2.19 2.10 2.03 1.97 1.93 1.89 1.85 1.82 1.79 1.77 1.68 1.57 1.52 1.45 1.39 1.34 1.30
0.975 5.18 3.83 3.25 2.92 2.70 2.54 2.42 2.32 2.24 2.18 2.12 2.08 2.04 2.00 1.97 1.85 1.71 1.64 1.56 1.48 1.42 1.36
0.990 6.90 4.82 3.98 3.51 3.21 2.99 2.82 2.69 2.59 2.50 2.43 2.37 2.31 2.27 2.22 2.07 1.89 1.80 1.69 1.60 1.52 1.45
0.995 8.24 5.59 4.54 3.96 3.59 3.33 3.13 2.97 2.85 2.74 2.66 2.58 2.52 2.46 2.41 2.23 2.02 1.91 1.79 1.68 1.59 1.51
200 0.900 2.73 2.33 2.11 1.97 1.88 1.80 1.75 1.70 1.66 1.63 1.60 1.58 1.56 1.54 1.52 1.46 1.38 1.34 1.29 1.24 1.20 1.16
0.950 3.89 3.04 2.65 2.42 2.26 2.14 2.06 1.98 1.93 1.88 1.84 1.80 1.77 1.74 1.72 1.62 1.52 1.46 1.39 1.32 1.26 1.21
0.975 5.10 3.76 3.18 2.85 2.63 2.47 2.35 2.26 2.18 2.11 2.06 2.01 1.97 1.93 1.90 1.78 1.64 1.56 1.47 1.39 1.32 1.25
0.990 6.76 4.71 3.88 3.41 3.11 2.89 2.73 2.60 2.50 2.41 2.34 2.27 2.22 2.17 2.13 1.97 1.79 1.69 1.58 1.48 1.39 1.30
0.995 8.06 5.44 4.41 3.84 3.47 3.21 3.01 2.86 2.73 2.63 2.54 2.47 2.40 2.35 2.30 2.11 1.91 1.79 1.66 1.54 1.44 1.34
 0.900 2.71 2.31 2.09 1.95 1.85 1.78 1.72 1.68 1.64 1.61 1.58 1.55 1.53 1.51 1.49 1.43 1.35 1.30 1.25 1.20 1.15 1.08
0.950 3.85 3.00 2.61 2.38 2.22 2.11 2.02 1.95 1.89 1.84 1.80 1.76 1.73 1.70 1.68 1.58 1.47 1.41 1.33 1.26 1.19 1.11
0.975 5.04 3.70 3.13 2.80 2.58 2.42 2.30 2.20 2.13 2.06 2.01 1.96 1.92 1.88 1.85 1.72 1.58 1.50 1.41 1.32 1.23 1.13
0.990 6.66 4.63 3.80 3.34 3.04 2.82 2.66 2.53 2.43 2.34 2.27 2.20 2.15 2.10 2.06 1.90 1.72 1.61 1.50 1.38 1.28 1.16
0.995 7.91 5.33 4.30 3.74 3.37 3.11 2.92 2.77 2.64 2.54 2.45 2.38 2.32 2.26 2.21 2.02 1.81 1.69 1.56 1.43 1.31 1.18
12
5. Probabilidades associadas à estatística de teste de Tukey
Se  = 0.05 e estamos a comparar k = 3 grupos com g.l.Erro = 10 então q3,10, 0.05 = 3.877.
α = 0.05
k
g.l.
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
2 6.080 8.331 9.799 10.881 11.734 12.435 13.028 13.542 13.994
3 4.501 5.910 6.825 7.502 8.037 8.478 8.852 9.177 9.462
4 3.927 5.040 5.757 6.287 6.706 7.053 7.347 7.602 7.826
5 3.635 4.602 5.218 5.673 6.033 6.330 6.582 6.801 6.995
6 3.460 4.339 4.896 5.305 5.628 5.895 6.122 6.319 6.493
7 3.344 4.165 4.681 5.060 5.359 5.606 5.815 5.997 6.158
8 3.261 4.041 4.529 4.886 5.167 5.399 5.596 5.767 5.918
9 3.199 3.948 4.415 4.755 5.024 5.244 5.432 5.595 5.738
10 3.151 3.877 4.327 4.654 4.912 5.124 5.304 5.460 5.598
11 3.113 3.820 4.256 4.574 4.823 5.028 5.202 5.353 5.486
12 3.081 3.773 4.199 4.508 4.750 4.950 5.119 5.265 5.395
13 3.055 3.734 4.151 4.453 4.690 4.884 5.049 5.192 5.318
14 3.033 3.701 4.111 4.407 4.639 4.829 4.990 5.130 5.253
15 3.014 3.673 4.076 4.367 4.595 4.782 4.940 5.077 5.198
16 2.998 3.649 4.046 4.333 4.557 4.741 4.896 5.031 5.150
17 2.984 3.628 4.020 4.303 4.524 4.705 4.858 4.991 5.108
18 2.971 3.609 3.997 4.276 4.494 4.673 4.824 4.955 5.071
19 2.960 3.593 3.977 4.253 4.468 4.645 4.794 4.924 5.037
20 2.950 3.578 3.958 4.232 4.445 4.620 4.768 4.895 5.008
30 2.888 3.486 3.845 4.102 4.301 4.464 4.601 4.720 4.824
40 2.858 3.442 3.791 4.039 4.232 4.388 4.521 4.634 4.735
50 2.841 3.416 3.758 4.002 4.190 4.344 4.473 4.584 4.681
60 2.829 3.399 3.737 3.977 4.163 4.314 4.441 4.550 4.646
70 2.821 3.386 3.722 3.960 4.144 4.293 4.419 4.527 4.621
100 2.806 3.365 3.695 3.929 4.109 4.256 4.379 4.484 4.577
13
6. Probabilidades associadas à estatística de teste de Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney
Seja n1 a dimensão da menor amostra, n2 a dimensão da maior amostra e w1 a soma das ordens da
menor amostra. Se n1=3, n2=4 e w1=10, pinf=P[Ww1]=0.314 e psup=P[W w1]=0.800 (Adaptado de
Maroco & Bispo, 2003).
n1 n2 w1 pinf psup n1 n2 w1 pinf psup n1 n2 w1 pinf psup

3 3 6 0.050 1.000 3 6 7 0.024 0.988 3 8 6 0.006 1.000
3 3 7 0.100 0.900 3 6 8 0.048 0.976 3 8 7 0.012 0.994
3 3 8 0.200 0.800 3 6 9 0.083 0.952 3 8 8 0.024 0.988
3 3 9 0.350 0.650 3 6 10 0.131 0.917 3 8 9 0.067 0.976
3 3 10 0.500 0.650 3 6 11 0.191 0.869 3 8 10 0.097 0.958
3 3 11 0.650 0.500 3 6 12 0.274 0.810 3 8 11 0.139 0.933
3 3 12 0.800 0.350 3 6 13 0.357 0.726 3 8 12 0.188 0.903
3 3 13 0.900 0.200 3 6 14 0.452 0.643 3 8 13 0.249 0.861
3 3 14 0.650 0.100 3 6 15 0.548 0.548 3 8 14 0.315 0.812
3 3 15 1.000 0.050 3 6 16 0.643 0.452 3 8 15 0.388 0.752
3 4 6 0.029 1.000 3 6 17 0.726 0.357 3 8 16 0.424 0.685
3 4 7 0.057 0.971 3 6 18 0.810 0.274 3 8 17 0.461 0.612
3 4 8 0.114 0.943 3 6 19 0.869 0.191 3 8 18 0.539 0.539
3 4 9 0.200 0.886 3 6 20 0.917 0.131 3 8 19 0.612 0.461
3 4 10 0.314 0.800 3 6 21 0.952 0.083 3 8 20 0.685 0.424
3 4 11 0.429 0.686 3 6 22 0.976 0.048 3 8 21 0.752 0.388
3 4 12 0.571 0.571 3 6 23 0.988 0.024 3 8 22 0.812 0.315
3 4 13 0.686 0.429 3 6 24 1.000 0.012 3 8 23 0.861 0.249
3 4 14 0.800 0.314 3 7 6 0.008 1.000 3 8 24 0.903 0.188
3 4 15 0.886 0.200 3 7 7 0.017 0.992 3 8 25 0.933 0.139
3 4 16 0.943 0.114 3 7 8 0.033 0.983 3 8 26 0.958 0.097
3 4 17 0.971 0.057 3 7 9 0.058 0.967 3 8 27 0.976 0.067
3 4 18 1.000 0.029 3 7 10 0.092 0.942 3 8 28 0.988 0.024
3 5 6 0.018 1.000 3 7 11 0.133 0.908 3 8 29 0.994 0.012
3 5 7 0.036 0.982 3 7 12 0.192 0.867 3 8 30 1.000 0.006
3 5 8 0.071 0.964 3 7 13 0.258 0.808 3 9 6 0.005 1.000
3 5 9 0.125 0.929 3 7 14 0.333 0.742 3 9 7 0.009 0.996
3 5 10 0.196 0.875 3 7 15 0.417 0.667 3 9 8 0.018 0.995
3 5 11 0.286 0.804 3 7 16 0.500 0.583 3 9 9 0.032 0.986
3 5 12 0.393 0.714 3 7 17 0.583 0.500 3 9 10 0.050 0.982
3 5 13 0.500 0.607 3 7 18 0.667 0.417 3 9 11 0.073 0.968
3 5 14 0.607 0.500 3 7 19 0.742 0.333 3 9 12 0.105 0.959
3 5 15 0.714 0.393 3 7 20 0.808 0.258 3 9 13 0.141 0.936
3 5 16 0.804 0.286 3 7 21 0.867 0.192 3 9 14 0.186 0.923
3 5 17 0.875 0.196 3 7 22 0.908 0.133 3 9 15 0.241 0.814
3 5 18 0.929 0.125 3 7 23 0.942 0.092 3 9 16 0.300 0.759
3 5 19 0.964 0.071 3 7 24 0.967 0.058 3 9 17 0.364 0.700
3 5 20 0.982 0.036 3 7 25 0.983 0.033 3 9 18 0.432 0.636
3 5 21 1.000 0.018 3 7 26 0.992 0.017 3 9 19 0.500 0.568
3 6 6 0.012 1.000 3 7 27 1.000 0.008 3 9 20 0.568 0.500
14
Teste de Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney

3 9 21 0.636 0.432 4 4 16 0.343 0.757 5 6 31 0.604 0.465
3 9 22 0.700 0.364 4 4 17 0.443 0.657 5 6 32 0.669 0.396
3 9 23 0.759 0.300 4 4 18 0.557 0.557 5 6 33 0.732 0.331
3 9 24 0.814 0.241 4 4 19 0.657 0.443 5 6 34 0.786 0.268
3 9 25 0.923 0.186 4 4 20 0.757 0.343 5 6 35 0.836 0.214
3 9 26 0.936 0.141 4 4 21 0.829 0.243 5 6 36 0.877 0.165
3 9 27 0.959 0.105 4 4 22 0.900 0.171 5 6 37 0.911 0.123
3 9 28 0.968 0.073 4 4 23 0.943 0.100 5 6 38 0.937 0.089
3 9 29 0.982 0.050 4 4 24 0.971 0.057 5 6 39 0.959 0.063
3 9 30 0.986 0.032 4 4 25 0.986 0.029 5 6 40 0.974 0.041
3 9 31 0.995 0.018 4 4 26 1.000 0.014 5 6 41 0.985 0.026
3 9 32 0.996 0.009 4 5 10 0.008 1.000 5 6 42 0.991 0.015
3 9 33 1.000 0.005 4 5 11 0.016 0.992 5 6 43 0.996 0.009
3 10 6 0.004 1.000 4 5 12 0.032 0.984 5 6 44 0.998 0.004
3 10 7 0.007 0.997 4 5 13 0.056 0.968 5 6 45 1.000 0.002
3 10 8 0.014 0.993 4 5 14 0.095 0.944 5 7 15 0.001 1.000
3 10 9 0.025 0.986 5 5 23 0.210 0.845 5 7 16 0.003 0.999
3 10 10 0.039 0.976 5 5 24 0.274 0.790 5 7 17 0.005 0.998
3 10 11 0.056 0.962 5 5 25 0.345 0.726 5 7 18 0.009 0.995
3 10 12 0.080 0.944 5 5 26 0.421 0.655 5 7 19 0.015 0.991
3 10 13 0.108 0.920 5 5 27 0.500 0.579 5 7 20 0.024 0.985
3 10 14 0.143 0.892 5 5 28 0.579 0.500 5 7 21 0.037 0.976
3 10 15 0.185 0.857 5 5 29 0.655 0.421 5 7 22 0.053 0.963
3 10 16 0.234 0.815 5 5 30 0.726 0.345 5 7 23 0.075 0.947
3 10 17 0.287 0.766 5 5 31 0.790 0.274 5 7 24 0.101 0.926
3 10 18 0.346 0.713 5 5 32 0.845 0.210 5 7 25 0.134 0.899
3 10 19 0.409 0.654 5 5 33 0.889 0.155 5 7 26 0.172 0.866
3 10 20 0.469 0.594 5 5 34 0.925 0.111 5 7 27 0.216 0.828
3 10 21 0.532 0.532 5 5 35 0.952 0.075 5 7 28 0.265 0.784
3 10 22 0.594 0.469 5 5 36 0.972 0.048 5 7 29 0.319 0.735
3 10 23 0.654 0.409 5 5 37 0.984 0.028 5 7 30 0.378 0.681
3 10 24 0.713 0.346 5 5 38 0.992 0.016 5 7 31 0.438 0.623
3 10 25 0.766 0.287 5 5 39 0.996 0.008 5 7 32 0.500 0.562
3 10 26 0.815 0.234 5 5 40 1.000 0.004 5 7 33 0.562 0.500
3 10 27 0.857 0.185 5 6 15 0.002 1.000 5 7 34 0.623 0.438
3 10 28 0.892 0.143 5 6 16 0.004 0.998 5 7 35 0.681 0.378
3 10 29 0.920 0.108 5 6 17 0.009 0.996 5 7 36 0.735 0.319
3 10 30 0.944 0.080 5 6 18 0.015 0.991 5 7 37 0.784 0.265
3 10 31 0.962 0.056 5 6 19 0.026 0.985 5 7 38 0.828 0.216
3 10 32 0.976 0.039 5 6 20 0.041 0.974 5 7 39 0.866 0.172
3 10 33 0.986 0.025 5 6 21 0.063 0.959 5 7 40 0.899 0.134
3 10 34 0.993 0.014 5 6 22 0.089 0.937 5 7 41 0.926 0.101
3 10 35 0.997 0.007 5 6 23 0.123 0.911 5 7 42 0.947 0.075
3 10 36 1.000 0.004 5 6 24 0.165 0.877 5 7 43 0.963 0.053
4 4 10 0.014 1.000 5 6 25 0.214 0.836 5 7 44 0.976 0.037
4 4 11 0.029 0.986 5 6 26 0.268 0.786 5 7 45 0.985 0.024
4 4 12 0.057 0.971 5 6 27 0.331 0.732 5 7 46 0.991 0.015
4 4 13 0.100 0.943 5 6 28 0.396 0.669 5 7 47 0.995 0.009
4 4 14 0.171 0.900 5 6 29 0.465 0.604 5 7 48 0.998 0.005
4 4 15 0.243 0.829 5 6 30 0.535 0.535 5 7 49 0.999 0.002
15

5 7 50 1.000 0.001 5 9 23 0.030 0.979 5 10 27 0.065 0.950
5 8 15 0.001 1.000 5 9 24 0.042 0.970 5 10 28 0.082 0.935
5 8 16 0.002 0.999 5 9 25 0.056 0.959 5 10 29 0.103 0.918
5 8 17 0.003 0.998 5 9 26 0.073 0.944 5 10 30 0.127 0.897
5 8 18 0.005 0.997 5 9 27 0.095 0.927 5 10 31 0.155 0.873
5 8 19 0.009 0.995 5 9 28 0.120 0.905 5 10 32 0.186 0.845
5 8 20 0.015 0.991 5 9 29 0.149 0.880 5 10 33 0.220 0.815
5 8 21 0.023 0.985 5 9 30 0.182 0.851 5 10 34 0.257 0.780
5 8 22 0.033 0.978 5 9 31 0.219 0.818 5 10 35 0.297 0.743
5 8 23 0.047 0.967 5 9 32 0.259 0.781 5 10 36 0.339 0.703
5 8 24 0.064 0.953 5 9 33 0.303 0.741 5 10 37 0.384 0.661
5 8 25 0.086 0.936 5 9 34 0.350 0.697 5 10 38 0.430 0.616
5 8 26 0.111 0.915 5 9 35 0.399 0.650 5 10 39 0.477 0.570
5 8 27 0.142 0.889 5 9 36 0.449 0.601 5 10 40 0.524 0.524
5 8 28 0.177 0.858 5 9 37 0.500 0.551 5 10 41 0.570 0.477
5 8 29 0.218 0.823 5 9 38 0.551 0.500 5 10 42 0.616 0.430
5 8 30 0.262 0.782 5 9 39 0.601 0.449 5 10 43 0.661 0.384
5 8 31 0.311 0.738 5 9 40 0.650 0.399 5 10 44 0.703 0.339
5 8 32 0.362 0.689 5 9 41 0.697 0.350 5 10 45 0.743 0.297
5 8 33 0.417 0.638 5 9 42 0.741 0.303 5 10 46 0.780 0.257
5 8 34 0.472 0.584 5 9 43 0.781 0.259 5 10 47 0.815 0.220
5 8 35 0.528 0.528 5 9 44 0.818 0.219 5 10 48 0.845 0.186
5 8 36 0.584 0.472 5 9 45 0.851 0.182 5 10 49 0.873 0.155
5 8 37 0.638 0.417 5 9 46 0.880 0.149 5 10 50 0.897 0.127
5 8 38 0.689 0.362 5 9 47 0.905 0.120 5 10 51 0.918 0.103
5 8 39 0.738 0.311 5 9 48 0.927 0.095 5 10 52 0.935 0.082
5 8 40 0.782 0.262 5 9 49 0.944 0.073 5 10 53 0.950 0.065
5 8 41 0.823 0.218 5 9 50 0.959 0.056 5 10 54 0.962 0.050
5 8 42 0.858 0.177 5 9 51 0.970 0.042 5 10 55 0.972 0.038
5 8 43 0.889 0.142 5 9 52 0.979 0.030 5 10 56 0.980 0.028
5 8 44 0.915 0.111 5 9 53 0.986 0.021 5 10 57 0.986 0.020
5 8 45 0.936 0.086 5 9 54 0.991 0.015 5 10 58 0.990 0.014
5 8 46 0.953 0.064 5 9 55 0.994 0.009 5 10 59 0.994 0.010
5 8 47 0.967 0.047 5 9 56 0.997 0.006 5 10 60 0.996 0.006
5 8 48 0.978 0.033 5 9 57 0.998 0.004 5 10 61 0.998 0.004
5 8 49 0.985 0.023 5 9 58 0.999 0.002 5 10 62 0.999 0.002
5 8 50 0.991 0.015 5 9 59 1.000 0.001 5 10 63 0.999 0.001
5 8 51 0.995 0.009 5 9 60 1.000 0.001 5 10 64 1.000 0.001
5 8 52 0.997 0.005 5 10 15 0.000 1.000 5 10 65 1.000 0.000
5 8 53 0.998 0.003 5 10 16 0.001 1.000 6 6 21 0.001 1.000
5 8 54 0.999 0.002 5 10 17 0.001 0.999 6 6 22 0.002 0.999
5 8 55 1.000 0.001 5 10 18 0.002 0.999 6 6 23 0.004 0.998
5 9 15 0.001 1.000 5 10 19 0.004 0.998 6 6 24 0.008 0.996
5 9 16 0.001 1.000 5 10 20 0.006 0.996 6 6 25 0.013 0.992
5 9 17 0.002 0.999 5 10 21 0.010 0.994 6 6 26 0.021 0.987
5 9 18 0.004 0.998 5 10 22 0.014 0.990 6 6 27 0.033 0.979
5 9 19 0.006 0.997 5 10 23 0.020 0.986 6 6 28 0.047 0.968
5 9 20 0.010 0.994 5 10 24 0.028 0.980 6 6 29 0.066 0.954
5 9 21 0.015 0.991 5 10 25 0.038 0.972 6 6 30 0.090 0.934
5 9 22 0.021 0.986 5 10 26 0.050 0.962 6 6 31 0.120 0.910
16

6 6 32 0.155 0.880 6 7 45 0.686 0.365 6 8 52 0.828 0.207
6 6 33 0.197 0.845 6 7 46 0.733 0.314 6 8 53 0.859 0.173
6 6 34 0.242 0.803 6 7 47 0.777 0.267 6 8 54 0.886 0.141
6 6 35 0.294 0.758 6 7 48 0.817 0.223 6 8 55 0.909 0.114
6 6 36 0.350 0.706 6 7 49 0.853 0.183 6 8 56 0.929 0.091
6 6 37 0.409 0.650 6 7 50 0.883 0.147 6 8 57 0.946 0.071
6 6 38 0.469 0.591 6 7 51 0.910 0.117 6 8 58 0.959 0.054
6 6 39 0.531 0.531 6 7 52 0.931 0.090 6 8 59 0.970 0.041
6 6 40 0.591 0.469 6 7 53 0.949 0.069 6 8 60 0.979 0.030
6 6 41 0.650 0.409 6 7 54 0.963 0.051 6 8 61 0.985 0.021
6 6 42 0.706 0.350 6 7 55 0.974 0.037 6 8 62 0.990 0.015
6 6 43 0.758 0.294 6 7 56 0.983 0.026 6 8 63 0.994 0.010
6 6 44 0.803 0.242 6 7 57 0.989 0.018 6 8 64 0.996 0.006
6 6 45 0.845 0.197 6 7 58 0.993 0.011 6 8 65 0.998 0.004
6 6 46 0.880 0.155 6 7 59 0.996 0.007 6 8 66 0.999 0.002
6 6 47 0.910 0.120 6 7 60 0.998 0.004 6 8 67 0.999 0.001
6 6 48 0.934 0.090 6 7 61 0.999 0.002 6 8 68 1.000 0.001
6 6 49 0.954 0.066 6 7 62 0.999 0.001 6 8 69 1.000 0.000
6 6 50 0.968 0.047 6 7 63 1.000 0.001 6 9 21 0.000 1.000
6 6 51 0.979 0.033 6 8 21 0.000 1.000 6 9 22 0.000 1.000
6 6 52 0.987 0.021 6 8 22 0.001 1.000 6 9 23 0.001 1.000
6 6 53 0.992 0.013 6 8 23 0.001 0.999 6 9 24 0.001 0.999
6 6 54 0.996 0.008 6 8 24 0.002 0.999 6 9 25 0.002 0.999
6 6 55 0.998 0.004 6 8 25 0.004 0.998 6 9 26 0.004 0.998
6 6 56 0.999 0.002 6 8 26 0.006 0.996 6 9 27 0.006 0.996
6 6 57 1.000 0.001 6 8 27 0.010 0.994 6 9 28 0.009 0.994
6 7 21 0.001 1.000 6 8 28 0.015 0.990 6 9 29 0.013 0.991
6 7 22 0.001 0.999 6 8 29 0.021 0.985 6 9 30 0.018 0.987
6 7 23 0.002 0.999 6 8 30 0.030 0.979 6 9 31 0.025 0.982
6 7 24 0.004 0.998 6 8 31 0.041 0.970 6 9 32 0.033 0.975
6 7 25 0.007 0.996 6 8 32 0.054 0.959 6 9 33 0.044 0.967
6 7 26 0.011 0.993 6 8 33 0.071 0.946 6 9 34 0.058 0.956
6 7 27 0.018 0.989 6 8 34 0.091 0.929 6 9 35 0.072 0.942
6 7 28 0.026 0.983 6 8 35 0.114 0.909 6 9 36 0.091 0.928
6 7 29 0.037 0.974 6 8 36 0.141 0.886 6 9 37 0.112 0.910
6 7 30 0.051 0.963 6 8 37 0.173 0.859 6 9 38 0.136 0.888
6 7 31 0.069 0.949 6 8 38 0.207 0.828 6 9 39 0.164 0.864
6 7 32 0.090 0.931 6 8 39 0.245 0.793 6 9 40 0.194 0.836
6 7 33 0.117 0.910 6 8 40 0.286 0.755 6 9 41 0.228 0.806
6 7 34 0.147 0.883 6 8 41 0.331 0.714 6 9 42 0.264 0.772
6 7 35 0.183 0.853 6 8 42 0.377 0.669 6 9 43 0.304 0.736
6 7 36 0.223 0.817 6 8 43 0.426 0.623 6 9 44 0.345 0.697
6 7 37 0.267 0.777 6 8 44 0.475 0.574 6 9 45 0.388 0.656
6 7 38 0.314 0.733 6 8 45 0.525 0.525 6 9 46 0.432 0.612
6 7 39 0.365 0.686 6 8 46 0.574 0.475 6 9 47 0.477 0.568
6 7 40 0.418 0.635 6 8 47 0.623 0.426 6 9 48 0.523 0.523
6 7 41 0.473 0.582 6 8 48 0.669 0.377 6 9 49 0.568 0.477
6 7 42 0.527 0.527 6 8 49 0.714 0.331 6 9 50 0.612 0.432
6 7 43 0.582 0.473 6 8 50 0.755 0.286 6 9 51 0.656 0.388
6 7 44 0.635 0.418 6 8 51 0.793 0.245 6 9 52 0.697 0.345
17

6 9 53 0.736 0.304 6 10 48 0.396 0.644 7 7 44 0.159 0.870
6 9 54 0.772 0.264 6 10 49 0.437 0.604 7 7 45 0.191 0.841
6 9 55 0.806 0.228 6 10 50 0.479 0.563 7 7 46 0.228 0.809
6 9 56 0.836 0.194 6 10 51 0.521 0.521 7 7 47 0.268 0.772
6 9 57 0.864 0.164 6 10 52 0.563 0.479 7 7 48 0.310 0.733
6 9 58 0.888 0.136 6 10 53 0.604 0.437 7 7 49 0.355 0.690
6 9 59 0.910 0.112 6 10 54 0.644 0.396 7 7 50 0.402 0.645
6 9 60 0.928 0.091 6 10 55 0.682 0.356 7 7 51 0.451 0.598
6 9 61 0.942 0.072 6 10 56 0.719 0.318 7 7 52 0.500 0.549
6 9 62 0.956 0.058 6 10 57 0.754 0.281 7 7 53 0.549 0.500
6 9 63 0.967 0.044 6 10 58 0.786 0.246 7 7 54 0.598 0.451
6 9 64 0.975 0.033 6 10 59 0.816 0.214 7 7 55 0.645 0.402
6 9 65 0.982 0.025 6 10 60 0.843 0.184 7 7 56 0.690 0.355
6 9 66 0.987 0.018 6 10 61 0.868 0.157 7 7 57 0.733 0.310
6 9 67 0.991 0.013 6 10 62 0.890 0.132 7 7 58 0.772 0.268
6 9 68 0.994 0.009 6 10 63 0.910 0.110 7 7 59 0.809 0.228
6 9 69 0.996 0.006 6 10 64 0.926 0.090 7 7 60 0.841 0.191
6 9 70 0.998 0.004 6 10 65 0.941 0.074 7 7 61 0.870 0.159
6 9 71 0.999 0.002 6 10 66 0.953 0.059 7 7 62 0.896 0.130
6 9 72 0.999 0.001 6 10 67 0.964 0.047 7 7 63 0.918 0.104
6 9 73 1.000 0.001 6 10 68 0.972 0.036 7 7 64 0.936 0.083
6 9 74 1.000 0.000 6 10 69 0.979 0.028 7 7 65 0.951 0.064
6 9 75 1.000 0.000 6 10 70 0.984 0.021 7 7 66 0.964 0.049
6 10 21 0.000 1.000 6 10 71 0.989 0.016 7 7 67 0.974 0.036
6 10 22 0.000 1.000 6 10 72 0.992 0.011 7 7 68 0.981 0.027
6 10 23 0.001 1.000 6 10 73 0.995 0.008 7 7 69 0.987 0.019
6 10 24 0.001 1.000 6 10 74 0.996 0.006 7 7 70 0.991 0.013
6 10 25 0.002 0.999 6 10 75 0.998 0.004 7 7 71 0.995 0.009
6 10 26 0.002 0.999 6 10 76 0.999 0.002 7 7 72 0.997 0.006
6 10 27 0.004 0.998 6 10 77 0.999 0.001 7 7 73 0.998 0.003
6 10 28 0.006 0.996 6 10 78 1.000 0.001 7 7 74 0.999 0.002
6 10 29 0.008 0.995 6 10 79 1.000 0.001 7 7 75 0.999 0.001
6 10 30 0.011 0.992 6 10 80 1.000 0.000 7 7 76 1.000 0.001
6 10 31 0.016 0.989 6 10 81 1.000 0.000 7 7 77 1.000 0.000
6 10 32 0.021 0.984 7 7 28 0.000 1.000 7 8 28 0.000 1.000
6 10 33 0.028 0.979 7 7 29 0.001 1.000 7 8 29 0.000 1.000
6 10 34 0.036 0.972 7 7 30 0.001 0.999 7 8 30 0.001 1.000
6 10 35 0.047 0.964 7 7 31 0.002 0.999 7 8 31 0.001 0.999
6 10 36 0.059 0.953 7 7 32 0.004 0.998 7 8 32 0.002 0.999
6 10 37 0.074 0.941 7 7 33 0.006 0.997 7 8 33 0.003 0.998
6 10 38 0.090 0.926 7 7 34 0.009 0.995 7 8 34 0.005 0.997
6 10 39 0.110 0.910 7 7 35 0.013 0.991 7 8 35 0.007 0.995
6 10 40 0.132 0.890 7 7 36 0.019 0.987 7 8 36 0.010 0.993
6 10 41 0.157 0.868 7 7 37 0.027 0.981 7 8 37 0.015 0.990
6 10 42 0.184 0.843 7 7 38 0.036 0.974 7 8 38 0.020 0.986
6 10 43 0.214 0.816 7 7 39 0.049 0.964 7 8 39 0.027 0.980
6 10 44 0.246 0.786 7 7 40 0.064 0.951 7 8 40 0.036 0.973
6 10 45 0.281 0.754 7 7 41 0.083 0.936 7 8 41 0.047 0.964
6 10 46 0.318 0.719 7 7 42 0.104 0.918 7 8 42 0.060 0.953
6 10 47 0.356 0.682 7 7 43 0.130 0.896 7 8 43 0.076 0.940
18

7 8 44 0.095 0.924 7 9 37 0.008 0.994 7 9 87 0.999 0.001
7 8 45 0.116 0.905 7 9 38 0.012 0.992 7 9 88 1.000 0.001
7 8 46 0.141 0.884 7 9 39 0.016 0.989 7 9 89 1.000 0.000
7 8 47 0.168 0.860 7 9 40 0.021 0.984 7 9 90 1.000 0.000
7 8 48 0.198 0.832 7 9 41 0.027 0.979 7 9 91 1.000 0.000
7 8 49 0.232 0.802 7 9 42 0.036 0.973 7 10 28 0.000 1.000
7 8 50 0.268 0.768 7 9 43 0.045 0.964 7 10 29 0.000 1.000
7 8 51 0.306 0.732 7 9 44 0.057 0.955 7 10 30 0.000 1.000
7 8 52 0.347 0.694 7 9 45 0.071 0.943 7 10 31 0.000 1.000
7 8 53 0.389 0.653 7 9 46 0.087 0.929 7 10 32 0.001 1.000
7 8 54 0.433 0.611 7 9 47 0.105 0.913 7 10 33 0.001 0.999
7 8 55 0.478 0.567 7 9 48 0.126 0.895 7 10 34 0.002 0.999
7 8 56 0.523 0.523 7 9 49 0.150 0.874 7 10 35 0.002 0.999
7 8 57 0.567 0.478 7 9 50 0.176 0.850 7 10 36 0.003 0.998
7 8 58 0.611 0.433 7 9 51 0.204 0.825 7 10 37 0.005 0.997
7 8 59 0.653 0.389 7 9 52 0.235 0.796 7 10 38 0.007 0.995
7 8 60 0.694 0.347 7 9 53 0.268 0.765 7 10 39 0.009 0.993
7 8 61 0.732 0.306 7 9 54 0.303 0.732 7 10 40 0.013 0.991
7 8 62 0.768 0.268 7 9 55 0.340 0.697 7 10 41 0.017 0.988
7 8 63 0.802 0.232 7 9 56 0.379 0.660 7 10 42 0.022 0.984
7 8 64 0.832 0.198 7 9 57 0.419 0.621 7 10 43 0.028 0.979
7 8 65 0.860 0.168 7 9 58 0.459 0.582 7 10 44 0.035 0.972
7 8 66 0.884 0.141 7 9 59 0.500 0.541 7 10 45 0.044 0.965
7 8 67 0.905 0.116 7 9 60 0.541 0.500 7 10 46 0.054 0.956
7 8 68 0.924 0.095 7 9 61 0.582 0.459 7 10 47 0.067 0.946
7 8 69 0.940 0.076 7 9 62 0.621 0.419 7 10 48 0.081 0.934
7 8 70 0.953 0.060 7 9 63 0.660 0.379 7 10 49 0.097 0.919
7 8 71 0.964 0.047 7 9 64 0.697 0.340 7 10 50 0.115 0.903
7 8 72 0.973 0.036 7 9 65 0.732 0.303 7 10 51 0.135 0.885
7 8 73 0.980 0.027 7 9 66 0.765 0.268 7 10 52 0.157 0.865
7 8 74 0.986 0.020 7 9 67 0.796 0.235 7 10 53 0.182 0.843
7 8 75 0.990 0.015 7 9 68 0.825 0.204 7 10 54 0.209 0.818
7 8 76 0.993 0.010 7 9 69 0.850 0.176 7 10 55 0.237 0.791
7 8 77 0.995 0.007 7 9 70 0.874 0.150 7 10 56 0.268 0.763
7 8 78 0.997 0.005 7 9 71 0.895 0.126 7 10 57 0.300 0.732
7 8 79 0.998 0.003 7 9 72 0.913 0.105 7 10 58 0.335 0.700
7 8 80 0.999 0.002 7 9 73 0.929 0.087 7 10 59 0.370 0.666
7 8 81 0.999 0.001 7 9 74 0.943 0.071 7 10 60 0.406 0.630
7 8 82 1.000 0.001 7 9 75 0.955 0.057 7 10 61 0.443 0.594
7 8 83 1.000 0.000 7 9 76 0.964 0.045 7 10 62 0.481 0.557
7 8 84 1.000 0.000 7 9 77 0.973 0.036 7 10 63 0.519 0.519
7 9 28 0.000 1.000 7 9 78 0.979 0.027 7 10 64 0.557 0.481
7 9 29 0.000 1.000 7 9 79 0.984 0.021 7 10 65 0.594 0.443
7 9 30 0.000 1.000 7 9 80 0.989 0.016 7 10 66 0.630 0.406
7 9 31 0.001 1.000 7 9 81 0.992 0.012 7 10 67 0.666 0.370
7 9 32 0.001 0.999 7 9 82 0.994 0.008 7 10 68 0.700 0.335
7 9 33 0.002 0.999 7 9 83 0.996 0.006 7 10 69 0.732 0.300
7 9 34 0.003 0.998 7 9 84 0.997 0.004 7 10 70 0.763 0.268
7 9 35 0.004 0.997 7 9 85 0.998 0.003 7 10 71 0.791 0.237
7 9 36 0.006 0.996 7 9 86 0.999 0.002 7 10 72 0.818 0.209
19

7 10 73 0.843 0.182 8 8 60 0.221 0.809 8 9 45 0.004 0.997
7 10 74 0.865 0.157 8 8 61 0.253 0.779 8 9 46 0.006 0.996
7 10 75 0.885 0.135 8 8 62 0.287 0.747 8 9 47 0.008 0.994
7 10 76 0.903 0.115 8 8 63 0.323 0.713 8 9 48 0.010 0.992
7 10 77 0.919 0.097 8 8 64 0.361 0.677 8 9 49 0.014 0.990
7 10 78 0.934 0.081 8 8 65 0.399 0.640 8 9 50 0.018 0.986
7 10 79 0.946 0.067 8 8 66 0.439 0.601 8 9 51 0.023 0.982
7 10 80 0.956 0.054 8 8 67 0.480 0.561 8 9 52 0.030 0.977
7 10 81 0.965 0.044 8 8 68 0.520 0.520 8 9 53 0.037 0.970
7 10 82 0.972 0.035 8 8 69 0.561 0.480 8 9 54 0.046 0.963
7 10 83 0.979 0.028 8 8 70 0.601 0.439 8 9 55 0.057 0.954
7 10 84 0.984 0.022 8 8 71 0.640 0.399 8 9 56 0.069 0.943
7 10 85 0.988 0.017 8 8 72 0.677 0.361 8 9 57 0.084 0.931
7 10 86 0.991 0.013 8 8 73 0.713 0.323 8 9 58 0.100 0.916
7 10 87 0.993 0.009 8 8 74 0.747 0.287 8 9 59 0.118 0.900
7 10 88 0.995 0.007 8 8 75 0.779 0.253 8 9 60 0.138 0.882
7 10 89 0.997 0.005 8 8 76 0.809 0.221 8 9 61 0.161 0.862
7 10 90 0.998 0.003 8 8 77 0.836 0.191 8 9 62 0.185 0.839
7 10 91 0.999 0.002 8 8 78 0.861 0.164 8 9 63 0.212 0.815
7 10 92 0.999 0.001 8 8 79 0.883 0.139 8 9 64 0.240 0.788
7 10 93 0.999 0.001 8 8 80 0.903 0.117 8 9 65 0.271 0.760
7 10 94 1.000 0.001 8 8 81 0.920 0.097 8 9 66 0.303 0.729
7 10 95 1.000 0.000 8 8 82 0.935 0.080 8 9 67 0.337 0.697
7 10 96 1.000 0.000 8 8 83 0.948 0.065 8 9 68 0.372 0.664
7 10 97 1.000 0.000 8 8 84 0.959 0.052 8 9 69 0.407 0.629
7 10 98 1.000 0.000 8 8 85 0.968 0.042 8 9 70 0.444 0.593
8 8 36 0.000 1.000 8 8 86 0.975 0.033 8 9 71 0.481 0.556
8 8 37 0.000 1.000 8 8 87 0.981 0.025 8 9 72 0.519 0.519
8 8 38 0.000 1.000 8 8 88 0.986 0.019 8 9 73 0.556 0.481
8 8 39 0.001 1.000 8 8 89 0.990 0.014 8 9 74 0.593 0.444
8 8 40 0.001 1.000 8 8 90 0.993 0.010 8 9 75 0.629 0.407
8 8 41 0.002 0.999 8 8 91 0.995 0.007 8 9 76 0.664 0.372
8 8 42 0.002 0.999 8 8 92 0.997 0.005 8 9 77 0.697 0.337
8 8 43 0.004 0.998 8 8 93 0.998 0.003 8 9 78 0.729 0.303
8 8 44 0.005 0.997 8 8 94 0.999 0.002 8 9 79 0.760 0.271
8 8 45 0.007 0.995 8 8 95 0.999 0.001 8 9 80 0.788 0.240
8 8 46 0.010 0.993 8 8 96 1.000 0.001 8 9 81 0.815 0.212
8 8 47 0.014 0.990 8 8 97 1.000 0.001 8 9 82 0.839 0.185
8 8 48 0.019 0.986 8 8 98 1.000 0.000 8 9 83 0.862 0.161
8 8 49 0.025 0.981 8 8 99 1.000 0.000 8 9 84 0.882 0.138
8 8 50 0.033 0.975 8 8 100 1.000 0.000 8 9 85 0.900 0.118
8 8 51 0.042 0.968 8 9 36 0.000 1.000 8 9 86 0.916 0.100
8 8 52 0.052 0.959 8 9 37 0.000 1.000 8 9 87 0.931 0.084
8 8 53 0.065 0.948 8 9 38 0.000 1.000 8 9 88 0.943 0.069
8 8 54 0.080 0.935 8 9 39 0.000 1.000 8 9 89 0.954 0.057
8 8 55 0.097 0.920 8 9 40 0.001 1.000 8 9 90 0.963 0.046
8 8 56 0.117 0.903 8 9 41 0.001 1.000 8 9 91 0.970 0.037
8 8 57 0.139 0.883 8 9 42 0.001 0.999 8 9 92 0.977 0.030
8 8 58 0.164 0.861 8 9 43 0.002 0.999 8 9 93 0.982 0.023
8 8 59 0.191 0.836 8 9 44 0.003 0.998 8 9 94 0.986 0.018
20

8 9 95 0.990 0.014 8 10 72 0.381 0.652 9 9 50 0.000 1.000
8 9 96 0.992 0.010 8 10 73 0.414 0.619 9 9 51 0.001 1.000
8 9 97 0.994 0.008 8 10 74 0.448 0.586 9 9 52 0.001 0.999
8 9 98 0.996 0.006 8 10 75 0.483 0.552 9 9 53 0.001 0.999
8 9 99 0.997 0.004 8 10 76 0.517 0.517 9 9 54 0.002 0.999
8 9 100 0.998 0.003 8 10 77 0.552 0.483 9 9 55 0.003 0.998
8 9 101 0.999 0.002 8 10 78 0.586 0.448 9 9 56 0.004 0.997
8 9 102 0.999 0.001 8 10 79 0.619 0.414 9 9 57 0.005 0.996
8 9 103 1.000 0.001 8 10 80 0.652 0.381 9 9 58 0.007 0.995
8 9 104 1.000 0.001 8 10 81 0.683 0.348 9 9 59 0.009 0.993
8 9 105 1.000 0.000 8 10 82 0.714 0.317 9 9 60 0.012 0.991
8 9 106 1.000 0.000 8 10 83 0.743 0.286 9 9 61 0.016 0.988
8 9 107 1.000 0.000 8 10 84 0.770 0.257 9 9 62 0.020 0.984
8 9 108 1.000 0.000 8 10 85 0.796 0.230 9 9 63 0.025 0.980
8 10 36 0.000 1.000 8 10 86 0.820 0.204 9 9 64 0.031 0.975
8 10 37 0.000 1.000 8 10 87 0.842 0.180 9 9 65 0.039 0.969
8 10 38 0.000 1.000 8 10 88 0.863 0.158 9 9 66 0.047 0.962
8 10 39 0.000 1.000 8 10 89 0.882 0.137 9 9 67 0.057 0.953
8 10 40 0.000 1.000 8 10 90 0.899 0.119 9 9 68 0.068 0.943
8 10 41 0.000 1.000 8 10 91 0.914 0.102 9 9 69 0.081 0.932
8 10 42 0.001 1.000 8 10 92 0.927 0.086 9 9 70 0.095 0.919
8 10 43 0.001 0.999 8 10 93 0.939 0.073 9 9 71 0.111 0.905
8 10 44 0.002 0.999 8 10 94 0.949 0.061 9 9 72 0.129 0.889
8 10 45 0.002 0.999 8 10 95 0.958 0.051 9 9 73 0.149 0.871
8 10 46 0.003 0.998 8 10 96 0.966 0.042 9 9 74 0.170 0.851
8 10 47 0.004 0.997 8 10 97 0.973 0.034 9 9 75 0.193 0.830
8 10 48 0.006 0.996 8 10 98 0.978 0.027 9 9 76 0.218 0.807
8 10 49 0.008 0.994 8 10 99 0.983 0.022 9 9 77 0.245 0.782
8 10 50 0.010 0.992 8 10 100 0.987 0.017 9 9 78 0.273 0.755
8 10 51 0.013 0.990 8 10 101 0.990 0.013 9 9 79 0.302 0.727
8 10 52 0.017 0.987 8 10 102 0.992 0.010 9 9 80 0.333 0.698
8 10 53 0.022 0.983 8 10 103 0.994 0.008 9 9 81 0.365 0.667
8 10 54 0.027 0.978 8 10 104 0.996 0.006 9 9 82 0.398 0.635
8 10 55 0.034 0.973 8 10 105 0.997 0.004 9 9 83 0.432 0.602
8 10 56 0.042 0.966 8 10 106 0.998 0.003 9 9 84 0.466 0.568
8 10 57 0.051 0.958 8 10 107 0.999 0.002 9 9 85 0.500 0.534
8 10 58 0.061 0.949 8 10 108 0.999 0.001 9 9 86 0.534 0.500
8 10 59 0.073 0.939 8 10 109 0.999 0.001 9 9 87 0.568 0.466
8 10 60 0.086 0.927 8 10 110 1.000 0.001 9 9 88 0.602 0.432
8 10 61 0.102 0.914 8 10 111 1.000 0.000 9 9 89 0.635 0.398
8 10 62 0.119 0.899 8 10 112 1.000 0.000 9 9 90 0.667 0.365
8 10 63 0.137 0.882 8 10 113 1.000 0.000 9 9 91 0.698 0.333
8 10 64 0.158 0.863 8 10 114 1.000 0.000 9 9 92 0.727 0.302
8 10 65 0.180 0.842 8 10 115 1.000 0.000 9 9 93 0.755 0.273
8 10 66 0.204 0.820 8 10 116 1.000 0.000 9 9 94 0.782 0.245
8 10 67 0.230 0.796 9 9 45 0.000 1.000 9 9 95 0.807 0.218
8 10 68 0.257 0.770 9 9 46 0.000 1.000 9 9 96 0.830 0.193
8 10 69 0.286 0.743 9 9 47 0.000 1.000 9 9 97 0.851 0.170
8 10 70 0.317 0.714 9 9 48 0.000 1.000 9 9 98 0.871 0.149
8 10 71 0.348 0.683 9 9 49 0.000 1.000 9 9 99 0.889 0.129
21

9 9 100 0.905 0.111 9 10 68 0.039 0.967 9 10 118 0.991 0.011
9 9 101 0.919 0.095 9 10 69 0.047 0.961 9 10 119 0.993 0.009
9 9 102 0.932 0.081 9 10 70 0.056 0.953 9 10 120 0.995 0.007
9 9 103 0.943 0.068 9 10 71 0.067 0.944 9 10 121 0.996 0.005
9 9 104 0.953 0.057 9 10 72 0.078 0.933 9 10 122 0.997 0.004
9 9 105 0.962 0.047 9 10 73 0.091 0.922 9 10 123 0.998 0.003
9 9 106 0.969 0.039 9 10 74 0.106 0.909 9 10 124 0.999 0.002
9 9 107 0.975 0.031 9 10 75 0.121 0.895 9 10 125 0.999 0.001
9 9 108 0.980 0.025 9 10 76 0.139 0.879 9 10 126 0.999 0.001
9 9 109 0.984 0.020 9 10 77 0.158 0.861 9 10 127 1.000 0.001
9 9 110 0.988 0.016 9 10 78 0.178 0.842 9 10 128 1.000 0.001
9 9 111 0.991 0.012 9 10 79 0.200 0.822 9 10 129 1.000 0.000
9 9 112 0.993 0.009 9 10 80 0.224 0.800 9 10 130 1.000 0.000
9 9 113 0.995 0.007 9 10 81 0.248 0.777 9 10 131 1.000 0.000
9 9 114 0.996 0.005 9 10 82 0.275 0.752 9 10 132 1.000 0.000
9 9 115 0.997 0.004 9 10 83 0.302 0.726 9 10 133 1.000 0.000
9 9 116 0.998 0.003 9 10 84 0.330 0.698 9 10 134 1.000 0.000
9 9 117 0.999 0.002 9 10 85 0.360 0.670 9 10 135 1.000 0.000
9 9 118 0.999 0.001 9 10 86 0.390 0.640 10 10 55 0.000 1.000
9 9 119 0.999 0.001 9 10 87 0.421 0.610 10 10 56 0.000 1.000
9 9 120 1.000 0.001 9 10 88 0.452 0.579 10 10 57 0.000 1.000
9 9 121 1.000 0.000 9 10 89 0.484 0.548 10 10 58 0.000 1.000
9 9 122 1.000 0.000 9 10 90 0.516 0.516 10 10 59 0.000 1.000
9 9 123 1.000 0.000 9 10 91 0.548 0.484 10 10 60 0.000 1.000
9 9 124 1.000 0.000 9 10 92 0.579 0.452 10 10 61 0.000 1.000
9 9 125 1.000 0.000 9 10 93 0.610 0.421 10 10 62 0.000 1.000
9 9 126 1.000 0.000 9 10 94 0.640 0.390 10 10 63 0.000 1.000
9 10 45 0.000 1.000 9 10 95 0.670 0.360 10 10 64 0.001 1.000
9 10 46 0.000 1.000 9 10 96 0.698 0.330 10 10 65 0.001 1.000
9 10 47 0.000 1.000 9 10 97 0.726 0.302 10 10 66 0.001 0.999
9 10 48 0.000 1.000 9 10 98 0.752 0.275 10 10 67 0.001 0.999
9 10 49 0.000 1.000 9 10 99 0.777 0.248 10 10 68 0.002 0.999
9 10 50 0.000 1.000 9 10 100 0.800 0.224 10 10 69 0.003 0.998
9 10 51 0.000 1.000 9 10 101 0.822 0.200 10 10 70 0.003 0.997
9 10 52 0.001 1.000 9 10 102 0.842 0.178 10 10 71 0.005 0.997
9 10 53 0.001 1.000 9 10 103 0.861 0.158 10 10 72 0.006 0.996
9 10 54 0.001 0.999 9 10 104 0.879 0.139 10 10 73 0.007 0.994
9 10 55 0.002 0.999 9 10 105 0.895 0.121 10 10 74 0.009 0.993
9 10 56 0.002 0.999 9 10 106 0.909 0.106 10 10 75 0.012 0.991
9 10 57 0.003 0.998 9 10 107 0.922 0.091 10 10 76 0.014 0.988
9 10 58 0.004 0.997 9 10 108 0.933 0.078 10 10 77 0.018 0.986
9 10 59 0.005 0.996 9 10 109 0.944 0.067 10 10 78 0.022 0.982
9 10 60 0.007 0.995 9 10 110 0.953 0.056 10 10 79 0.026 0.978
9 10 61 0.009 0.993 9 10 111 0.961 0.047 10 10 80 0.032 0.974
9 10 62 0.011 0.991 9 10 112 0.967 0.039 10 10 81 0.038 0.969
9 10 63 0.014 0.989 9 10 113 0.973 0.033 10 10 82 0.045 0.962
9 10 64 0.018 0.986 9 10 114 0.978 0.027 10 10 83 0.053 0.955
9 10 65 0.022 0.983 9 10 115 0.983 0.022 10 10 84 0.062 0.947
9 10 66 0.027 0.978 9 10 116 0.986 0.018 10 10 85 0.072 0.939
9 10 67 0.033 0.973 9 10 117 0.989 0.014 10 10 86 0.083 0.928
22
n1 n2 w1 pinf psup n1 n2 w1 pinf psup

10 10 87 0.095 0.917 10 10 137 0.994 0.007
10 10 88 0.109 0.905 10 10 138 0.996 0.006
10 10 89 0.133 0.891 10 10 139 0.997 0.005
10 10 90 0.140 0.867 10 10 140 0.997 0.003
10 10 91 0.158 0.860 10 10 141 0.998 0.003
10 10 92 0.176 0.843 10 10 142 0.999 0.002
10 10 93 0.197 0.824 10 10 143 0.999 0.001
10 10 94 0.218 0.804 10 10 144 0.999 0.001
10 10 95 0.241 0.782 10 10 145 1.000 0.001
10 10 96 0.264 0.759 10 10 146 1.000 0.001
10 10 97 0.289 0.736 10 10 147 1.000 0.000
10 10 98 0.315 0.711 10 10 148 1.000 0.000
10 10 99 0.342 0.685 10 10 149 1.000 0.000
10 10 100 0.370 0.658 10 10 150 1.000 0.000
10 10 101 0.398 0.630 10 10 151 1.000 0.000
10 10 102 0.427 0.602 10 10 152 1.000 0.000
10 10 103 0.456 0.573
10 10 104 0.485 0.544
10 10 105 0.515 0.515
10 10 106 0.544 0.485
10 10 107 0.573 0.456
10 10 108 0.602 0.427
10 10 109 0.630 0.398
10 10 110 0.658 0.370
10 10 111 0.685 0.342
10 10 112 0.711 0.315
10 10 113 0.736 0.289
10 10 114 0.759 0.264
10 10 115 0.782 0.241
10 10 116 0.804 0.218
10 10 117 0.824 0.197
10 10 118 0.843 0.176
10 10 119 0.860 0.158
10 10 120 0.867 0.140
10 10 121 0.891 0.133
10 10 122 0.905 0.109
10 10 123 0.917 0.095
10 10 124 0.928 0.083
10 10 125 0.939 0.072
10 10 126 0.947 0.062
10 10 127 0.955 0.053
10 10 128 0.962 0.045
10 10 129 0.969 0.038
10 10 130 0.974 0.032
10 10 131 0.978 0.026
10 10 132 0.982 0.022
10 10 133 0.986 0.018
10 10 134 0.988 0.014
10 10 135 0.991 0.012
10 10 136 0.993 0.009
23
7. Probabilidades associadas à estatística de teste de Wilcoxon
Seja n a dimensão da amostra e t+ a soma das ordens com sinal (+). Se n=10 e t+=14 então pinf =P[T t+]=0.097 e psup =P[T ³t+]=0.920 (Adaptado de Maroco
& Bispo, 2003).
n 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
t+ pinf psup pinf psup pinf psup pinf psup pinf psup pinf psup pinf psup pinf psup pinf psup
0 0.250 1.000 0.125 1.000 0.063 1.000 0.031 1.000 0.016 1.000 0.008 1.000 0.004 1.000 0.002 1.000 0.001 1.000
1 0.500 0.750 0.250 0.875 0.125 0.938 0.063 0.969 0.031 0.984 0.016 0.992 0.008 0.996 0.004 0.998 0.002 0.999
2 0.750 0.500 0.375 0.750 0.188 0.875 0.094 0.938 0.047 0.969 0.023 0.984 0.012 0.992 0.006 0.996 0.003 0.998
3 1.000 0.250 0.625 0.625 0.313 0.813 0.156 0.906 0.078 0.953 0.039 0.977 0.020 0.988 0.010 0.994 0.005 0.997
4 0.750 0.375 0.438 0.688 0.219 0.844 0.109 0.922 0.055 0.961 0.027 0.980 0.014 0.990 0.007 0.995
5 0.875 0.250 0.563 0.563 0.313 0.781 0.156 0.891 0.078 0.945 0.039 0.973 0.020 0.986 0.010 0.993
6 1.000 0.125 0.688 0.438 0.406 0.688 0.219 0.844 0.109 0.922 0.055 0.961 0.027 0.980 0.014 0.990
7 0.813 0.313 0.500 0.594 0.281 0.781 0.148 0.891 0.074 0.945 0.037 0.973 0.019 0.986
8 0.875 0.188 0.594 0.500 0.344 0.719 0.188 0.852 0.098 0.926 0.049 0.963 0.024 0.981
9 0.938 0.125 0.688 0.406 0.422 0.656 0.234 0.813 0.125 0.902 0.064 0.951 0.032 0.976
10 1.000 0.063 0.781 0.313 0.500 0.578 0.289 0.766 0.156 0.875 0.082 0.936 0.042 0.968
11 0.844 0.219 0.578 0.500 0.344 0.711 0.191 0.844 0.102 0.918 0.053 0.958
12 0.906 0.156 0.656 0.422 0.406 0.656 0.230 0.809 0.125 0.898 0.065 0.947
13 0.938 0.094 0.719 0.344 0.469 0.594 0.273 0.770 0.150 0.875 0.080 0.935
14 0.969 0.063 0.781 0.281 0.531 0.531 0.320 0.727 0.180 0.850 0.097 0.920
15 1.000 0.031 0.844 0.219 0.594 0.469 0.371 0.680 0.213 0.820 0.116 0.903
16 0.891 0.156 0.656 0.406 0.422 0.629 0.248 0.787 0.138 0.884
17 0.922 0.109 0.711 0.344 0.473 0.578 0.285 0.752 0.161 0.862
18 0.953 0.078 0.766 0.289 0.527 0.527 0.326 0.715 0.188 0.839
19 0.969 0.047 0.813 0.234 0.578 0.473 0.367 0.674 0.216 0.813
20 0.984 0.031 0.852 0.188 0.629 0.422 0.410 0.633 0.246 0.784
21 1.000 0.016 0.891 0.148 0.680 0.371 0.455 0.590 0.278 0.754
22 0.922 0.109 0.727 0.320 0.500 0.545 0.313 0.722
23 0.945 0.078 0.770 0.273 0.545 0.500 0.348 0.688
24 0.961 0.055 0.809 0.230 0.590 0.455 0.385 0.652
24
Teste de Wilcoxon
n 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
t+ pinf psup pinf psup pinf psup pinf psup pinf psup pinf psup pinf psup pinf psup pinf psup
25 0.977 0.039 0.844 0.191 0.633 0.410 0.423 0.615
26 0.984 0.023 0.875 0.156 0.674 0.367 0.461 0.577
27 0.992 0.016 0.902 0.125 0.715 0.326 0.500 0.539
28 1.000 0.008 0.926 0.098 0.752 0.285 0.539 0.500
29 0.945 0.074 0.787 0.248 0.577 0.461
30 0.961 0.055 0.820 0.213 0.615 0.423
31 0.973 0.039 0.850 0.180 0.652 0.385
32 0.980 0.027 0.875 0.150 0.688 0.348
33 0.988 0.020 0.898 0.125 0.722 0.313
34 0.992 0.012 0.918 0.102 0.754 0.278
35 0.996 0.008 0.936 0.082 0.784 0.246
36 1.000 0.004 0.951 0.064 0.813 0.216
37 0.963 0.049 0.839 0.188
38 0.973 0.037 0.862 0.161
39 0.980 0.027 0.884 0.138
40 0.986 0.020 0.903 0.116
41 0.990 0.014 0.920 0.097
42 0.994 0.010 0.935 0.080
43 0.996 0.006 0.947 0.065
44 0.998 0.004 0.958 0.053
45 1.000 0.002 0.968 0.042
46 0.976 0.032
47 0.981 0.024
48 0.986 0.019
49 0.990 0.014
50 0.993 0.010
51 0.995 0.007
52 0.997 0.005
53 0.998 0.003
54 0.999 0.002
55 1.000 0.001
25
Teste de Wilcoxon
n 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
t+ pinf psup pinf psup pinf psup pinf psup pinf psup pinf psup pinf psup pinf psup pinf psup pinf psup
0 0.000 1.000 0.000 1.000 0.000 1.000 0.000 1.000 0.000 1.000 0.000 1.000 0.000 1.000 0.000 1.000 0.000 1.000 0.000 1.000
1 0.001 1.000 0.000 1.000 0.000 1.000 0.000 1.000 0.000 1.000 0.000 1.000 0.000 1.000 0.000 1.000 0.000 1.000 0.000 1.000
2 0.001 1.000 0.001 1.000 0.000 1.000 0.000 1.000 0.000 1.000 0.000 1.000 0.000 1.000 0.000 1.000 0.000 1.000 0.000 1.000
3 0.002 0.999 0.001 0.999 0.001 1.000 0.000 1.000 0.000 1.000 0.000 1.000 0.000 1.000 0.000 1.000 0.000 1.000 0.000 1.000
4 0.003 0.998 0.002 0.999 0.001 0.999 0.000 1.000 0.000 1.000 0.000 1.000 0.000 1.000 0.000 1.000 0.000 1.000 0.000 1.000
5 0.005 0.997 0.002 0.998 0.001 0.999 0.001 1.000 0.000 1.000 0.000 1.000 0.000 1.000 0.000 1.000 0.000 1.000 0.000 1.000
6 0.007 0.996 0.003 0.998 0.002 0.999 0.001 0.999 0.000 1.000 0.000 1.000 0.000 1.000 0.000 1.000 0.000 1.000 0.000 1.000
7 0.009 0.994 0.005 0.997 0.002 0.998 0.001 0.999 0.001 1.000 0.000 1.000 0.000 1.000 0.000 1.000 0.000 1.000 0.000 1.000
8 0.012 0.991 0.006 0.995 0.003 0.998 0.002 0.999 0.001 0.999 0.000 1.000 0.000 1.000 0.000 1.000 0.000 1.000 0.000 1.000
9 0.016 0.988 0.008 0.994 0.004 0.997 0.002 0.998 0.001 0.999 0.001 1.000 0.000 1.000 0.000 1.000 0.000 1.000 0.000 1.000
10 0.021 0.984 0.010 0.992 0.005 0.996 0.003 0.998 0.001 0.999 0.001 0.999 0.000 1.000 0.000 1.000 0.000 1.000 0.000 1.000
11 0.027 0.979 0.013 0.990 0.007 0.995 0.003 0.997 0.002 0.999 0.001 0.999 0.000 1.000 0.000 1.000 0.000 1.000 0.000 1.000
12 0.034 0.974 0.017 0.987 0.009 0.993 0.004 0.997 0.002 0.998 0.001 0.999 0.001 1.000 0.000 1.000 0.000 1.000 0.000 1.000
13 0.042 0.967 0.021 0.983 0.011 0.991 0.005 0.996 0.003 0.998 0.001 0.999 0.001 0.999 0.000 1.000 0.000 1.000 0.000 1.000
14 0.051 0.959 0.026 0.979 0.013 0.989 0.007 0.995 0.003 0.997 0.002 0.999 0.001 0.999 0.000 1.000 0.000 1.000 0.000 1.000
15 0.062 0.950 0.032 0.974 0.016 0.987 0.008 0.993 0.004 0.997 0.002 0.998 0.001 0.999 0.001 1.000 0.000 1.000 0.000 1.000
16 0.074 0.939 0.039 0.968 0.020 0.984 0.010 0.992 0.005 0.996 0.003 0.998 0.001 0.999 0.001 0.999 0.000 1.000 0.000 1.000
17 0.087 0.927 0.046 0.961 0.024 0.980 0.012 0.990 0.006 0.995 0.003 0.997 0.002 0.999 0.001 0.999 0.000 1.000 0.000 1.000
18 0.103 0.913 0.055 0.954 0.029 0.976 0.015 0.988 0.008 0.994 0.004 0.997 0.002 0.998 0.001 0.999 0.000 1.000 0.000 1.000
19 0.120 0.897 0.065 0.945 0.034 0.971 0.018 0.985 0.009 0.992 0.005 0.996 0.002 0.998 0.001 0.999 0.001 1.000 0.000 1.000
20 0.139 0.880 0.076 0.935 0.040 0.966 0.021 0.982 0.011 0.991 0.005 0.995 0.003 0.998 0.001 0.999 0.001 0.999 0.000 1.000
21 0.160 0.861 0.088 0.924 0.047 0.960 0.025 0.979 0.013 0.989 0.007 0.995 0.003 0.997 0.002 0.999 0.001 0.999 0.000 1.000
22 0.183 0.840 0.102 0.912 0.055 0.953 0.029 0.975 0.015 0.987 0.008 0.993 0.004 0.997 0.002 0.998 0.001 0.999 0.001 1.000
23 0.207 0.818 0.117 0.898 0.064 0.945 0.034 0.971 0.018 0.985 0.009 0.992 0.005 0.996 0.002 0.998 0.001 0.999 0.001 0.999
24 0.233 0.794 0.133 0.883 0.073 0.936 0.039 0.966 0.021 0.982 0.011 0.991 0.005 0.995 0.003 0.998 0.001 0.999 0.001 0.999
25 0.260 0.768 0.151 0.867 0.084 0.927 0.045 0.961 0.024 0.979 0.012 0.989 0.006 0.995 0.003 0.997 0.002 0.999 0.001 0.999
26 0.289 0.741 0.170 0.849 0.095 0.916 0.052 0.955 0.028 0.976 0.014 0.988 0.007 0.994 0.004 0.997 0.002 0.998 0.001 0.999
27 0.319 0.712 0.190 0.830 0.108 0.905 0.059 0.948 0.032 0.972 0.017 0.986 0.009 0.993 0.004 0.996 0.002 0.998 0.001 0.999
28 0.350 0.681 0.212 0.810 0.122 0.892 0.068 0.941 0.036 0.968 0.019 0.983 0.010 0.991 0.005 0.996 0.003 0.998 0.001 0.999
29 0.383 0.650 0.235 0.788 0.137 0.878 0.077 0.932 0.042 0.964 0.022 0.981 0.012 0.990 0.006 0.995 0.003 0.997 0.002 0.999
30 0.416 0.618 0.259 0.765 0.153 0.863 0.086 0.923 0.047 0.958 0.025 0.978 0.013 0.988 0.007 0.994 0.004 0.997 0.002 0.998
31 0.449 0.585 0.285 0.741 0.170 0.847 0.097 0.914 0.053 0.953 0.029 0.975 0.015 0.987 0.008 0.993 0.004 0.996 0.002 0.998
26
Teste de Wilcoxon
n 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
32 0.483 0.551 0.311 0.715 0.188 0.830 0.108 0.903 0.060 0.947 0.033 0.971 0.017 0.985 0.009 0.992 0.005 0.996 0.002 0.998
33 0.517 0.517 0.339 0.689 0.207 0.812 0.121 0.892 0.068 0.940 0.037 0.967 0.020 0.983 0.010 0.991 0.005 0.995 0.003 0.998
34 0.551 0.483 0.367 0.661 0.227 0.793 0.134 0.879 0.076 0.932 0.042 0.963 0.022 0.980 0.012 0.990 0.006 0.995 0.003 0.997
35 0.585 0.449 0.396 0.633 0.249 0.773 0.148 0.866 0.084 0.924 0.047 0.958 0.025 0.978 0.013 0.988 0.007 0.994 0.004 0.997
36 0.618 0.416 0.425 0.604 0.271 0.751 0.163 0.852 0.094 0.916 0.052 0.953 0.028 0.975 0.015 0.987 0.008 0.993 0.004 0.996
37 0.650 0.383 0.455 0.575 0.294 0.729 0.179 0.837 0.104 0.906 0.058 0.948 0.032 0.972 0.017 0.985 0.009 0.992 0.005 0.996
38 0.681 0.350 0.485 0.545 0.318 0.706 0.195 0.821 0.115 0.896 0.065 0.942 0.036 0.968 0.019 0.983 0.010 0.991 0.005 0.995
39 0.712 0.319 0.515 0.515 0.342 0.682 0.213 0.805 0.126 0.885 0.072 0.935 0.040 0.964 0.022 0.981 0.011 0.990 0.006 0.995
40 0.741 0.289 0.545 0.485 0.368 0.658 0.232 0.787 0.138 0.874 0.080 0.928 0.044 0.960 0.024 0.978 0.013 0.989 0.007 0.994
41 0.768 0.260 0.575 0.455 0.393 0.632 0.251 0.768 0.151 0.862 0.088 0.920 0.049 0.956 0.027 0.976 0.014 0.987 0.008 0.993
42 0.794 0.233 0.604 0.425 0.420 0.607 0.271 0.749 0.165 0.849 0.096 0.912 0.054 0.951 0.030 0.973 0.016 0.986 0.009 0.992
43 0.818 0.207 0.633 0.396 0.446 0.580 0.292 0.729 0.180 0.835 0.106 0.904 0.060 0.946 0.033 0.970 0.018 0.984 0.010 0.991
44 0.840 0.183 0.661 0.367 0.473 0.554 0.313 0.708 0.195 0.820 0.116 0.894 0.066 0.940 0.037 0.967 0.020 0.982 0.011 0.990
45 0.861 0.160 0.689 0.339 0.500 0.527 0.335 0.687 0.211 0.805 0.126 0.884 0.073 0.934 0.041 0.963 0.022 0.980 0.012 0.989
46 0.880 0.139 0.715 0.311 0.527 0.500 0.357 0.665 0.227 0.789 0.137 0.874 0.080 0.927 0.045 0.959 0.025 0.978 0.013 0.988
47 0.897 0.120 0.741 0.285 0.554 0.473 0.380 0.643 0.244 0.773 0.149 0.863 0.087 0.920 0.049 0.955 0.027 0.975 0.015 0.987
48 0.913 0.103 0.765 0.259 0.580 0.446 0.404 0.620 0.262 0.756 0.161 0.851 0.095 0.913 0.054 0.951 0.030 0.973 0.016 0.985
49 0.927 0.087 0.788 0.235 0.607 0.420 0.428 0.596 0.281 0.738 0.174 0.839 0.103 0.905 0.059 0.946 0.033 0.970 0.018 0.984
50 0.939 0.074 0.810 0.212 0.632 0.393 0.452 0.572 0.300 0.719 0.188 0.826 0.112 0.897 0.065 0.941 0.036 0.967 0.020 0.982
51 0.950 0.062 0.830 0.190 0.658 0.368 0.476 0.548 0.319 0.700 0.202 0.812 0.122 0.888 0.071 0.935 0.040 0.964 0.022 0.980
52 0.959 0.051 0.849 0.170 0.682 0.342 0.500 0.524 0.339 0.681 0.217 0.798 0.132 0.878 0.077 0.929 0.044 0.960 0.024 0.978
53 0.967 0.042 0.867 0.151 0.706 0.318 0.524 0.500 0.360 0.661 0.232 0.783 0.142 0.868 0.084 0.923 0.048 0.956 0.027 0.976
54 0.974 0.034 0.883 0.133 0.729 0.294 0.548 0.476 0.381 0.640 0.248 0.768 0.153 0.858 0.091 0.916 0.052 0.952 0.029 0.973
55 0.979 0.027 0.898 0.117 0.751 0.271 0.572 0.452 0.402 0.619 0.264 0.752 0.164 0.847 0.098 0.909 0.057 0.948 0.032 0.971
56 0.984 0.021 0.912 0.102 0.773 0.249 0.596 0.428 0.423 0.598 0.281 0.736 0.176 0.836 0.106 0.902 0.062 0.943 0.035 0.968
57 0.988 0.016 0.924 0.088 0.793 0.227 0.620 0.404 0.445 0.577 0.298 0.719 0.189 0.824 0.114 0.894 0.067 0.938 0.038 0.965
58 0.991 0.012 0.935 0.076 0.812 0.207 0.643 0.380 0.467 0.555 0.316 0.702 0.202 0.811 0.123 0.886 0.072 0.933 0.041 0.962
59 0.994 0.009 0.945 0.065 0.830 0.188 0.665 0.357 0.489 0.533 0.334 0.684 0.215 0.798 0.132 0.877 0.078 0.928 0.045 0.959
60 0.996 0.007 0.954 0.055 0.847 0.170 0.687 0.335 0.511 0.511 0.353 0.666 0.229 0.785 0.142 0.868 0.084 0.922 0.049 0.955
61 0.997 0.005 0.961 0.046 0.863 0.153 0.708 0.313 0.533 0.489 0.372 0.647 0.244 0.771 0.152 0.858 0.091 0.916 0.053 0.951
62 0.998 0.003 0.968 0.039 0.878 0.137 0.729 0.292 0.555 0.467 0.391 0.628 0.259 0.756 0.162 0.848 0.098 0.909 0.057 0.947
63 0.999 0.002 0.974 0.032 0.892 0.122 0.749 0.271 0.577 0.445 0.410 0.609 0.274 0.741 0.173 0.838 0.105 0.902 0.062 0.943
64 1.000 0.001 0.979 0.026 0.905 0.108 0.768 0.251 0.598 0.423 0.430 0.590 0.290 0.726 0.185 0.827 0.113 0.895 0.066 0.938
27
Teste de Wilcoxon
n 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
65 1.000 0.001 0.983 0.021 0.916 0.095 0.787 0.232 0.619 0.402 0.450 0.570 0.306 0.710 0.196 0.815 0.121 0.887 0.071 0.934
66 1.000 0.000 0.987 0.017 0.927 0.084 0.805 0.213 0.640 0.381 0.470 0.550 0.322 0.694 0.209 0.804 0.129 0.879 0.077 0.929
67 0.990 0.013 0.936 0.073 0.821 0.195 0.661 0.360 0.490 0.530 0.339 0.678 0.221 0.791 0.138 0.871 0.082 0.923
68 0.992 0.010 0.945 0.064 0.837 0.179 0.681 0.339 0.510 0.510 0.356 0.661 0.234 0.779 0.147 0.862 0.088 0.918
69 0.994 0.008 0.953 0.055 0.852 0.163 0.700 0.319 0.530 0.490 0.373 0.644 0.248 0.766 0.156 0.853 0.095 0.912
70 0.995 0.006 0.960 0.047 0.866 0.148 0.719 0.300 0.550 0.470 0.391 0.627 0.261 0.752 0.166 0.844 0.101 0.905
71 0.997 0.005 0.966 0.040 0.879 0.134 0.738 0.281 0.570 0.450 0.409 0.609 0.275 0.739 0.176 0.834 0.108 0.899
72 0.998 0.003 0.971 0.034 0.892 0.121 0.756 0.262 0.590 0.430 0.427 0.591 0.290 0.725 0.187 0.824 0.115 0.892
73 0.998 0.002 0.976 0.029 0.903 0.108 0.773 0.244 0.609 0.410 0.445 0.573 0.305 0.710 0.198 0.813 0.123 0.885
74 0.999 0.002 0.980 0.024 0.914 0.097 0.789 0.227 0.628 0.391 0.463 0.555 0.320 0.695 0.209 0.802 0.131 0.877
75 0.999 0.001 0.984 0.020 0.923 0.086 0.805 0.211 0.647 0.372 0.482 0.537 0.335 0.680 0.221 0.791 0.139 0.869
76 1.000 0.001 0.987 0.016 0.932 0.077 0.820 0.195 0.666 0.353 0.500 0.518 0.351 0.665 0.233 0.779 0.147 0.861
77 1.000 0.000 0.989 0.013 0.941 0.068 0.835 0.180 0.684 0.334 0.518 0.500 0.367 0.649 0.245 0.767 0.156 0.853
78 1.000 0.000 0.991 0.011 0.948 0.059 0.849 0.165 0.702 0.316 0.537 0.482 0.383 0.633 0.258 0.755 0.165 0.844
79 0.993 0.009 0.955 0.052 0.862 0.151 0.719 0.298 0.555 0.463 0.399 0.617 0.271 0.742 0.174 0.835
80 0.995 0.007 0.961 0.045 0.874 0.138 0.736 0.281 0.573 0.445 0.416 0.601 0.284 0.729 0.184 0.826
81 0.996 0.005 0.966 0.039 0.885 0.126 0.752 0.264 0.591 0.427 0.433 0.584 0.297 0.716 0.194 0.816
82 0.997 0.004 0.971 0.034 0.896 0.115 0.768 0.248 0.609 0.409 0.449 0.567 0.311 0.703 0.205 0.806
83 0.998 0.003 0.975 0.029 0.906 0.104 0.783 0.232 0.627 0.391 0.466 0.551 0.325 0.689 0.215 0.795
84 0.998 0.002 0.979 0.025 0.916 0.094 0.798 0.217 0.644 0.373 0.483 0.534 0.340 0.675 0.226 0.785
85 0.999 0.002 0.982 0.021 0.924 0.084 0.812 0.202 0.661 0.356 0.500 0.517 0.354 0.660 0.237 0.774
86 0.999 0.001 0.985 0.018 0.932 0.076 0.826 0.188 0.678 0.339 0.517 0.500 0.369 0.646 0.249 0.763
87 0.999 0.001 0.988 0.015 0.940 0.068 0.839 0.174 0.694 0.322 0.534 0.483 0.384 0.631 0.261 0.751
88 1.000 0.001 0.990 0.012 0.947 0.060 0.851 0.161 0.710 0.306 0.551 0.466 0.399 0.616 0.273 0.739
89 1.000 0.000 0.992 0.010 0.953 0.053 0.863 0.149 0.726 0.290 0.567 0.449 0.414 0.601 0.285 0.727
90 1.000 0.000 0.993 0.008 0.958 0.047 0.874 0.137 0.741 0.274 0.584 0.433 0.430 0.586 0.298 0.715
91 1.000 0.000 0.995 0.007 0.964 0.042 0.884 0.126 0.756 0.259 0.601 0.416 0.445 0.570 0.311 0.702
92 0.996 0.005 0.968 0.036 0.894 0.116 0.771 0.244 0.617 0.399 0.461 0.555 0.324 0.689
93 0.997 0.004 0.972 0.032 0.904 0.106 0.785 0.229 0.633 0.383 0.476 0.539 0.337 0.676
94 0.997 0.003 0.976 0.028 0.912 0.096 0.798 0.215 0.649 0.367 0.492 0.524 0.351 0.663
95 0.998 0.003 0.979 0.024 0.920 0.088 0.811 0.202 0.665 0.351 0.508 0.508 0.364 0.649
96 0.998 0.002 0.982 0.021 0.928 0.080 0.824 0.189 0.680 0.335 0.524 0.492 0.378 0.636
97 0.999 0.002 0.985 0.018 0.935 0.072 0.836 0.176 0.695 0.320 0.539 0.476 0.392 0.622
28
Teste de Wilcoxon
n 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
98 0.999 0.001 0.987 0.015 0.942 0.065 0.847 0.164 0.710 0.305 0.555 0.461 0.406 0.608
99 0.999 0.001 0.989 0.013 0.948 0.058 0.858 0.153 0.725 0.290 0.570 0.445 0.420 0.594
100 1.000 0.001 0.991 0.011 0.953 0.052 0.868 0.142 0.739 0.275 0.586 0.430 0.435 0.580
101 1.000 0.000 0.992 0.009 0.958 0.047 0.878 0.132 0.752 0.261 0.601 0.414 0.449 0.565
102 1.000 0.000 0.994 0.008 0.963 0.042 0.888 0.122 0.766 0.248 0.616 0.399 0.464 0.551
103 1.000 0.000 0.995 0.006 0.967 0.037 0.897 0.112 0.779 0.234 0.631 0.384 0.478 0.536
104 1.000 0.000 0.996 0.005 0.971 0.033 0.905 0.103 0.791 0.221 0.646 0.369 0.493 0.522
105 1.000 0.000 0.997 0.004 0.975 0.029 0.913 0.095 0.804 0.209 0.660 0.354 0.507 0.507
106 0.997 0.003 0.978 0.025 0.920 0.087 0.815 0.196 0.675 0.340 0.522 0.493
107 0.998 0.003 0.981 0.022 0.927 0.080 0.827 0.185 0.689 0.325 0.536 0.478
108 0.998 0.002 0.983 0.019 0.934 0.073 0.838 0.173 0.703 0.311 0.551 0.464
109 0.999 0.002 0.986 0.017 0.940 0.066 0.848 0.162 0.716 0.297 0.565 0.449
110 0.999 0.001 0.988 0.014 0.946 0.060 0.858 0.152 0.729 0.284 0.580 0.435
111 0.999 0.001 0.989 0.012 0.951 0.054 0.868 0.142 0.742 0.271 0.594 0.420
112 0.999 0.001 0.991 0.011 0.956 0.049 0.877 0.132 0.755 0.258 0.608 0.406
113 1.000 0.001 0.992 0.009 0.960 0.044 0.886 0.123 0.767 0.245 0.622 0.392
114 1.000 0.000 0.993 0.008 0.964 0.040 0.894 0.114 0.779 0.233 0.636 0.378
115 1.000 0.000 0.995 0.007 0.968 0.036 0.902 0.106 0.791 0.221 0.649 0.364
116 1.000 0.000 0.995 0.005 0.972 0.032 0.909 0.098 0.802 0.209 0.663 0.351
117 1.000 0.000 0.996 0.005 0.975 0.028 0.916 0.091 0.813 0.198 0.676 0.337
118 1.000 0.000 0.997 0.004 0.978 0.025 0.923 0.084 0.824 0.187 0.689 0.324
119 1.000 0.000 0.997 0.003 0.980 0.022 0.929 0.077 0.834 0.176 0.702 0.311
120 1.000 0.000 0.998 0.003 0.983 0.020 0.935 0.071 0.844 0.166 0.715 0.298
121 0.998 0.002 0.985 0.017 0.941 0.065 0.853 0.156 0.727 0.285
122 0.999 0.002 0.987 0.015 0.946 0.059 0.862 0.147 0.739 0.273
123 0.999 0.001 0.988 0.013 0.951 0.054 0.871 0.138 0.751 0.261
124 0.999 0.001 0.990 0.012 0.955 0.049 0.879 0.129 0.763 0.249
125 0.999 0.001 0.991 0.010 0.959 0.045 0.887 0.121 0.774 0.237
126 0.999 0.001 0.993 0.009 0.963 0.041 0.895 0.113 0.785 0.226
127 1.000 0.001 0.994 0.007 0.967 0.037 0.902 0.105 0.795 0.215
128 1.000 0.000 0.995 0.006 0.970 0.033 0.909 0.098 0.806 0.205
129 1.000 0.000 0.995 0.005 0.973 0.030 0.916 0.091 0.816 0.194
130 1.000 0.000 0.996 0.005 0.976 0.027 0.922 0.084 0.826 0.184
29
Teste de Wilcoxon
n 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
131 1.000 0.000 0.997 0.004 0.978 0.024 0.928 0.078 0.835 0.174
132 1.000 0.000 0.997 0.003 0.981 0.022 0.933 0.072 0.844 0.165
133 1.000 0.000 0.998 0.003 0.983 0.019 0.938 0.067 0.853 0.156
134 1.000 0.000 0.998 0.002 0.985 0.017 0.943 0.062 0.861 0.147
135 1.000 0.000 0.998 0.002 0.987 0.015 0.948 0.057 0.869 0.139
136 1.000 0.000 0.999 0.002 0.988 0.013 0.952 0.052 0.877 0.131
137 0.999 0.001 0.990 0.012 0.956 0.048 0.885 0.123
138 0.999 0.001 0.991 0.010 0.960 0.044 0.892 0.115
139 0.999 0.001 0.992 0.009 0.964 0.040 0.899 0.108
140 0.999 0.001 0.993 0.008 0.967 0.036 0.905 0.101
141 1.000 0.001 0.994 0.007 0.970 0.033 0.912 0.095
142 1.000 0.000 0.995 0.006 0.973 0.030 0.918 0.088
143 1.000 0.000 0.996 0.005 0.975 0.027 0.923 0.082
144 1.000 0.000 0.996 0.004 0.978 0.025 0.929 0.077
145 1.000 0.000 0.997 0.004 0.980 0.022 0.934 0.071
146 1.000 0.000 0.997 0.003 0.982 0.020 0.938 0.066
147 1.000 0.000 0.998 0.003 0.984 0.018 0.943 0.062
148 1.000 0.000 0.998 0.002 0.986 0.016 0.947 0.057
149 1.000 0.000 0.998 0.002 0.987 0.014 0.951 0.053
150 1.000 0.000 0.999 0.002 0.989 0.013 0.955 0.049
151 1.000 0.000 0.999 0.001 0.990 0.011 0.959 0.045
152 1.000 0.000 0.999 0.001 0.991 0.010 0.962 0.041
153 1.000 0.000 0.999 0.001 0.992 0.009 0.965 0.038
154 0.999 0.001 0.993 0.008 0.968 0.035
155 0.999 0.001 0.994 0.007 0.971 0.032
156 1.000 0.001 0.995 0.006 0.973 0.029
157 1.000 0.000 0.995 0.005 0.976 0.027
158 1.000 0.000 0.996 0.005 0.978 0.024
159 1.000 0.000 0.996 0.004 0.980 0.022
160 1.000 0.000 0.997 0.004 0.982 0.020
161 1.000 0.000 0.997 0.003 0.984 0.018
162 1.000 0.000 0.998 0.003 0.985 0.016
163 1.000 0.000 0.998 0.002 0.987 0.015
30
Teste de Wilcoxon
n 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
164 1.000 0.000 0.998 0.002 0.988 0.013
165 1.000 0.000 0.999 0.002 0.989 0.012
166 1.000 0.000 0.999 0.001 0.990 0.011
167 1.000 0.000 0.999 0.001 0.991 0.010
168 1.000 0.000 0.999 0.001 0.992 0.009
169 1.000 0.000 0.999 0.001 0.993 0.008
170 1.000 0.000 0.999 0.001 0.994 0.007
171 1.000 0.000 1.000 0.001 0.995 0.006
172 1.000 0.000 0.995 0.005
173 1.000 0.000 0.996 0.005
174 1.000 0.000 0.996 0.004
175 1.000 0.000 0.997 0.004
176 1.000 0.000 0.997 0.003
177 1.000 0.000 0.998 0.003
178 1.000 0.000 0.998 0.002
179 1.000 0.000 0.998 0.002
180 1.000 0.000 0.998 0.002
181 1.000 0.000 0.999 0.002
182 1.000 0.000 0.999 0.001
183 1.000 0.000 0.999 0.001
184 1.000 0.000 0.999 0.001
185 1.000 0.000 0.999 0.001
186 1.000 0.000 0.999 0.001
187 1.000 0.000 0.999 0.001
188 1.000 0.000 1.000 0.001
189 1.000 0.000 1.000 0.000
31
8. Valores críticos para a ANOVA em ordens de Kruskal-Wallis
Sejam n1, n2 e n3 a dimensão da amostra 1, amostra 2 e amostra 3, respetivamente. Se n1=5 n2=4 e n3=3, então
P[H5.656]=0.95 (Adaptado de Zar, 1999).
Dimensão das amostras 1 

n1 n2 n3 0.90 0.95 0.99 0.995 0.999
2 2 2 4.571
3 2 1 4.286
3 2 2 4.500 4.714
3 3 1 4.571 5.143
3 3 2 4.556 5.361
3 3 3 4.622 5.600 7.200 7.200
4 2 1 4.500
4 2 2 4.458 5.333
4 3 1 4.056 5.208
4 3 2 4.511 5.444 6.444 7.000
4 3 3 4.709 5.791 6.745 7.318
4 4 1 4.167 4.967 6.667
4 4 2 4.555 5.455 7.036 7.282
4 4 3 4.545 5.598 7.144 7.598 8.909
4 4 4 4.654 5.692 7.654 8.000 9.269
5 2 1 4.200 5.000
5 2 2 4.375 5.160 6.533
5 3 1 4.018 4.960
5 3 2 4.651 5.251 6.900 7.182
5 3 3 4.533 5.648 7.079 7.636 8.727
5 4 1 3.987 4.985 6.955 7.364
5 4 2 4.541 5.273 7.205 7.573 8.591
5 4 3 4.549 5.656 7.445 7.927 8.795
5 4 4 4.619 5.657 7.760 8.189 9.168
5 5 1 4.109 5.127 7.309 8.182
5 5 2 4.623 5.338 7.338 8.131 7.388
5 5 3 4.545 5.705 7.578 8.316 9.521
5 5 4 4.523 5.666 7.823 8.523 9.606
5 5 5 4.940 5.780 8.000 8.780 9.920
6 2 1 4.200 4.822
6 2 2 4.545 5.345 6.982
6 3 1 3.909 4.855
6 3 2 4.682 5.348 6.970 7.515
6 3 3 4.538 5.615 7.410 7.872 9.346
6 4 1 4.038 4.947 7.106 7.614
6 4 2 4.494 5.340 7.340 7.846 8.827
6 4 3 4.604 5.610 7.500 8.033 9.170
6 4 4 4.595 5.681 7.795 8.381 9.861
6 5 1 4.128 4.990 7.182 8.077
6 5 2 4.596 5.338 7.376 8.196 9.189
6 5 3 4.535 5.602 7.590 8.314 9.669
6 5 4 4.522 5.661 7.936 8.643 9.960
6 5 5 4.547 5.729 8.028 8.859 10.271
6 6 1 4.000 4.945 7.121 8.165 9.692
6 6 2 4.438 5.410 7.467 8.210 9.752
6 6 3 4.558 5.625 7.725 8.458 10.150
6 6 4 4.548 5.724 8.000 8.754 10.324
6 6 5 4.542 5.765 8.124 8.987 10.524
6 6 6 4.643 5.801 8.222 9.170 10.889
32
9. Valores críticos para a ANOVA de Friedman
Seja k o número de amostras e b o nº de blocos ou sujeitos. Se k=4 e b=6, então P[Fr7.660]=0.95 (Adapkhkh tado de Zar,
1999 e Siegel & Castellan, 1988).
Nº de Amostras Nº de Blocos 1

k b 0.900 0.950 0.990 0.995 0.999
3 2 6.000
3 6.000 6.000
4 6.000 6.500 8.000 8.000
5 5.200 6.400 8.400 10.000 10.000
6 5.330 7.000 9.000 10.330 12.000
7 5.429 7.143 8.857 10.286 12.286
8 5.250 6.250 9.000 9.750 12.250
9 5.556 6.222 9.556 10.667 12.667
10 5.000 6.200 9.600 10.400 12.600
11 4.909 6.545 9.455 10.364 13.273
12 5.167 6.167 9.500 10.167 12.500
13 4.769 6.000 9.385 10.308 12.923
14 5.143 6.143 9.000 10.429 13.286
15 4.933 6.400 8.933 10.000 12.933
4 2 6.000 6.000
3 6.600 7.400 9.000 9.000
4 6.300 7.800 9.600 10.200 11.100
5 6.360 7.8 9.960 10.920 12.600
6 6.400 7.600 10.200 11.400 12.800
7 6.429 7.800 10.371 11.400 13.800
8 6.300 7.650 10.350 11.850 12.950
5 3 7.470 8.530 10.130
4 7.600 8.800 11.000
5 7.680 8.960 11.520
33
10. Formulário de Análise Estatística I
1. Estatística Descritiva
Regra de Sturges
Max - Min
k = éë1 + 3.32 ´ log 10 ( N )ùû A=
k
Medidas de Tendência Central
Média Aritmética Mediana Percentil
ïìï X n + X n+2 PP é o valor xk
n ïï 2 2
1 ï , se n é par
X= å Xi
n i=1

X =í
ïï
2 com Fk = P
ïï X n+1 , se n é impar e k = [ NP /100]
ïî 2
Medidas de Dispersão
Erro Padrão da Coeficiente de Amplitude
Variância / Desvio Padrão
Média Variação Interquartilica
1 n
S '2 = å
n -1 i=1
( X i - X )2 SEM =
S' CV =
S'
´100% AIQ Q3-Q1
n X
S ' = S '2
Medidas de Forma
Coeficiente de Assimetria Coeficiente de Achatamento
n2 M 4
Ku = - n k
nM 3 (n - 1)(n - 2)(n - 3) S '4 å( X -X)
Sk = i
(n - 1)(n - 2) S '3 (n - 1)
2
M =k i =1
-3 n
(n - 2)(n - 3)
2. Métodos Paramétricos
2.1. Uma população
Valor Médio ou média Populacional, µ

Distribuição Amostral Intervalo de Confiança Estatística de Teste
X -m ù S' é X - m0
 t(n-1) ú X  t1-a ;(n-1) ê T= ~ t(n-1)
s' úû 2 n êë s'
n n
Proporção populacional, p
æ ö ù
  N çç p, p (1 - p ) ÷÷÷
P çç ÷÷
ú
úP z
P (
 1- P
 ) éêê  - p  0.5
P 0
n ~ N (0,1)
çè n ø ú 1-a 2 ê Z=
ú n ê p0 (1 - p0 )
û ë
n
34
2.2. Duas populações – Diferença de valores médios ( m1 -m2 )
Amostras Independentes (1 e 2 desconhecidos)
( X1 - X2 ) -(m1 -m2 ) ( X 1 - X 2 ) - (m1 - m 2 )
T=  t(n1 +n2 -2)
 t(n1+n2 -2) ù( X - X )  é S 1 + 1
1 1 ú 1 ê
S
2
+ ú ê
n1 n2
n1 n2 ú  1 1 ê Dimensão do efeito:
ú t1-a ,(n +n -2) S + ê
X1 - X 2
(n1 - 1) S '12 + (n2 - 1) S '22 úû 1 2 n1 n2 êë
S =
2
d= » 2t
n1 + n2 - 2 S (n1 + n2 - 2)
Amostras Emparelhadas (1 e 2 desconhecidos)
D -(m1 -m2 ) ù S ' D éê D - (m 1 - m 2 )
 t(n-1) úD  t a T =  t (n-1)
ú 1- ,( n -1) n êë
S 'D û 2 S 'D n
n D
Dimensão do efeito: d=
SD'
3. Métodos não paramétricos
Teste do Qui-quadrado
(Oij - Eij )
2
L C Li . Ć . j
X2 = åå  c (2C -1)( L-1) E ij =
i =1 j =1 E ij n
X2
Dimensão do efeito: V =
N ´ éêmin (LC
, ) -1ùú
ë û
Teste de Wilcoxon para 1 população
Se n ≤20: Se n >20:
T + - mw
T+ = Soma das ordens das com sinal () Z =  N (0,1)
sw
com
n (n + 1) n (n + 1)(2n + 1) g
e 3 - ei
mw = e sw = -å i
4 24 i =1 48
Z
Dimensão do efeito: r =
n
Teste de Wilcoxon-Mann-Whithney para 2 populações
Se n1 e n2≤10 (n1n2): Se n1 e n2>10 (n1≤n2):
W - mW
W = Soma das ordens das ob- Z = com Z  N (0,1) onde
sW
servações da amostra de
menor dimensão n1 (n1 + n2 + 1) n1 n 2 ( N + 1) Z
mW = e sW = Dimensão do efeito: r =
2 12 N
Correção para empates:
n1 n2 éN 3 - N g
e 3 - ei ù
sW = ´ê -å i ú
N ( N - 1) êë 12 i =1 12 ú
û
35
Teste de Wilcoxon para Amostras Emparelhadas
Se n ≤ 20: Se n>20:
T+ = Soma das ordens das T + -m
diferenças com sinal Z = com Z  N (0,1)
w
sw
positivo
onde
n (n + 1) n (n + 1)(2n + 1) g
ei3 - ei
mw = e sw = -å
4 24 i =1 48
Z
Dimensão do efeito: r =
n
36
11. Formulário de Análise Estatística II
1. Métodos Paramétricos
Teste de Levene
k æ ö÷
å n (Z - Z )2 çç ÷÷
(N - k) i i
ç
( N - k ) ç ( N - 1) S Z '2
÷
W = ´ k ni
i =1
= ´ çç k - 1÷÷÷ F(k-1,N-k)
( k - 1) ( k - 1) çç ÷÷
å å ççè å ( ni - 1) S Z i
'2
( Z ij - Z i ) 2 ÷÷
i =1 j =1 i =1 ø
onde Zij  Yij  Yi se Yi N(,) ou Zij  Yij  Yi se Yi  N(,)
ANOVA one-way
Fonte de Quadrados mé-

variação
Soma de Quadrados g.l.
dios
F 2P
Fatorial k SQF
SQF = åni (Yi -Y )2
SQF QMF
(entre os k1 QMF  SQF  SQE
grupos) i =1
k 1 QME
Residual
k i kn
(dentro
SQE = å å (Yij -Yi )2 = å (ni -1)Si' 2 Nk QME  SQE
dos gru- i =1 j =1 i =1 N k
pos)
k ni
SQT
TOTAL SQT = åå (Yij -Y )2 = ( N -1)´ S ' 2 N1 QMT 
i =1 j =1 N 1
SQT=SQF+SQE; FF (k-1; N-k)
ANOVA two-way
Fonte Soma de Quadrados g.l. Q.M. F 2P

SQFA
Fator A SQFA  b  r  ( a  1)SY'2 a1 SQFA/(a1) FA=QMFA/QME
A
SQFA  SQE
SQFB
Fator B SQFB  a  r  (b  1)SY'2 b1 SQFB/(b1) FA=QMFB/QME
B
SQFB  SQE
SQAB SQ AB
Interação SQAB=SQTSQFASQFBSQE (a1)(b1) FA=QMFAxB/QME
(a  1)(b  1) SQ AB  SQE
a b SQE
Erro SQE   (nij  1)Sij'2 (r1)ab
(r  1)ab
i 1 j 1
Total SQT  ( N  1)S '2 N1
SQT=SQFA+ SQFB+ SQFAB +SQE; F F (glFactor; glErro)
Teste HSD de Tukey
Xi - X j
Q=
QME æç 1 1 ö÷
´çç + ÷÷
2 çè ni n j ÷÷ø
37
ANOVA de Medições Repetidas
Quadrados
Fonte de Variação Soma dos Quadrados g. l.
médios
F 2P
Factor SQF  b(k 1)S 'Y. j
2 SQF
SQF QMF
(Tratamento) k1 SQF  SQE
(j=1,…,k) k 1 QME
SQB  k(b 1)S 'Yi .
2
Bloco SQB
b1
ou Sujeito (i=1,..,b) b 1
SQ E
Erro SQE=SQT-SQF-SQB (k1)(b1)
( k  1)( b  1)
SQT
Total 2 kb1
SQT= (N-1)S’ bk  1
SQT=SQF+SQB+SQE; FF[(k-1);(k-1)(b-1)]
2. Métodos não paramétricos
Teste de Kruskal-Wallis
12 k R2 H
H= å j - 3( N + 1) ou Hcorr =
N ( N + 1 ) j =1 n j
g ou H (N 1)SQFr / SQTr
å (ei - ei ) 3
1- i =1
N3 -N
Se k>3 ou ni>6; H  2(k-1)
Ri - R j
Comparação múltipla de médias de ordens: Z= ~a N (0,1)
æ gö
çç
å (el3 - el ) ÷÷÷ æ
çç N ( N + 1) - l =1 ÷ ç1 1 ÷ö
ççç ÷÷÷´çç + ÷÷÷
çç 12 12( N - 1) ÷÷ èç ni n j ø
çè ÷÷
ø
ni nj
1 1
onde Ri =
ni
å ri l e R j =
l =1 nj
å
l
rj l
=1
Teste de Friedman
k
12 Fr
Fr = å R 2 - 3b(k + 1) ou Frcorr =
bk( k + 1) j =1 j b gi
å å
=1
(eij - eij )
=1
3
1-
i j
bk - bk
3
Se k>5 (ou o número de blocos não se encontrar na tabela 12) Fr2(k-1)
Ri  R j a
Comparação múltipla das médias de ordens: Z   N (0,1)
k ( k  1)
6b
38
3. Correlação e Regressão Linear
Análise de Correlação
Coeficiente de Correlação de Pearson
n
SX X å ( X i - X )( X i - X
1 1 2 2 )
R
RX X = = 1 2 =1
i
TR = ~ t (n - 2 )
1 2
SX SX n n 2 1- R2
å ( X i - X ) å( X i - X
1 2 2
)
=1
i i
1 1
=1
2 2
n-2
Coeficiente de Correlação de Spearman
n
å (r i - r )(r i - r )
1 1 2 2
n-2
RS = i =1
TRS = RS ~ t (n - 2 )
n 2 n 2 1 - RS2
å
i
(r i - r ) å (r i - r )
=1 i
1 1
=1
2 2
Coeficiente de Correlação V de Cramer
X2 L C (Oij - E ij )2 ni . ń. j
V= com X =åå
2
e Eij =
N [min( L , C ) - 1] i =1 i =1 E ij N
Análise de Regressão
n n
å (Y j - Y )( X j - X ) å X jY j - nXY
Yˆj  ˆ 0  ˆ1 X j bˆ 1 = j =1
=
j =1
; bˆ 0 = Y - bˆ 1 X
n n
å
j
(X j - X )
=1
2
å
j
X j - nX
=1
2 2
ANOVA da Regressão
Fonte de Graus de Quadrados médios
Soma de Quadrados (SQ) F
Variabilidade liberdade (g.l.) (QM) FF(1, n-p-1)
n
å
SQR QMR
Regressão SQR= (Yˆj -Y ) 2
p
j =1
p QME
n
Erros SQE= å
j
(Y j -Yˆj )
=1
2
np1
SQE
n2
 S 'Y2 ,X
'2
Total SQT = SQR + SQE= (N 1)  SY n1
Teste t-Student
(b1 - k ) S 'Y2 , X
Tb1 = ~ t(n- p-1) Na Regressão Linear Simples SEb1 = n
SEb1
å( X j - X )2
j =1
æ ö÷
çç ÷÷
b0 - k çç 1 X2 ÷
Tb = ~ t( n - p-1) Na Regressão Linear Simples SE b0 = S 'Y , X ´çç + n
2
÷÷÷
SE b0 çn ÷
å ( X j - X )2 ÷÷÷
0
ççç ÷ø
è j =1
Coeficiente de Determinação
n
å (Yˆj - Y )
=1
2
SQR p(1 - R 2 ) QME

R2 = j
= ; Ra2 = R 2 - = 1- R esíduos ou erros: e i  Y i  Yî
n
SQT n - p -1 QMT
å
j
(Y j - Y )
=1
2
39
40

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TABELAS

Para apoio às aulas de

1. Distribuição Normal Reduzida 1

10. Formulário de Análise Estatística I 34

Tabelas adaptadas de:

1. Distribuição Normal Reduzida

Se X (n) então P[X]=1. Por exemplo, se X então

P[X11.07]=0.95 ou 20.95=11.07como se ilustra na figura

Se Tt-Student(n) então P[Tt]=1. Por exemplo, se 0.5

Tt(5) então P[T2.015]=0.95 ou t0.95;(5)=2.015 como se 0.4

n1 n2 w1 pinf psup n1 n2 w1 pinf psup n1 n2 w1 pinf psup

n1 n2 w1 pinf psup n1 n2 w1 pinf psup n1 n2 w1 pinf psup

n1 n2 w1 pinf psup n1 n2 w1 pinf psup n1 n2 w1 pinf psup

n1 n2 w1 pinf psup n1 n2 w1 pinf psup n1 n2 w1 pinf psup

n1 n2 w1 pinf psup n1 n2 w1 pinf psup n1 n2 w1 pinf psup

n1 n2 w1 pinf psup n1 n2 w1 pinf psup n1 n2 w1 pinf psup

n1 n2 w1 pinf psup n1 n2 w1 pinf psup n1 n2 w1 pinf psup

n1 n2 w1 pinf psup n1 n2 w1 pinf psup n1 n2 w1 pinf psup

n1 n2 w1 pinf psup n1 n2 w1 pinf psup n1 n2 w1 pinf psup

n1 n2 w1 pinf psup n1 n2 w1 pinf psup

Dimensão das amostras 1 

Nº de Amostras Nº de Blocos 1

Valor Médio ou média Populacional, µ

3. Métodos não paramétricos

Fonte de Quadrados mé-

Fonte Soma de Quadrados g.l. Q.M. F 2P

Total SQT  ( N  1)S '2 N1

SQT=SQFA+ SQFB+ SQFAB +SQE; F F (glFactor; glErro)

Teste HSD de Tukey

2. Métodos não paramétricos

Se k>5 (ou o número de blocos não se encontrar na tabela 12) Fr2(k-1)

Coeficiente de Correlação V de Cramer

SQR p(1 - R 2 ) QME

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