Ajay Kumar Garg Engineering

College Ghaziabad
Synopsis On

Smart Grid

Team
Name:BackAgain
Subm
itted By:
Marut Awasthi
Ateev Kumar
 Ashima Jain

INDEX
➢ Introduction
➢ Origin
➢ Working
➢ Merits
➢ Future Grids
➢ Setting of Power Grids
➢ Smart grid functions
 INTRODUCTION
The smart grid is a simple upgrade of 20th century power grids
which generally "broadcast" power from a few central power
generators to a large number of users, to instead be capable of
routing power in more optimal ways to respond to a very wide
range of conditions, and to charge a premium to those that use
energy during peak hours.

It is the integration of communications networks with the power

grid in order to create an electricity-communications superhighway
capable of monitoring its own health at all times, alerting officials
immediately when problems arise, and automatically taking
corrective actions that enable the grid to fail gracefully and prevent
a local failure from cascading out of control.

It delivers electricity from suppliers to consumers using digital

technology with two-way communications to control appliances
at consumers' homes to save energy, reduce cost and increase
reliability and transparency.

It overlays the electrical grid with an information and net metering

system.

It also incorporates the use of superconductive transmission lines

for less power loss,as well as the capability of integrating renewable
electricity such as solar and wind.

In general, smart grid technology can be grouped into five

key areas:

✔ Integrated communications
✔ Sensing and measurement
✔ Smart meters
✔ Phasor measurement units
✔ Advanced components
 THE ORIGIN OF SMART GRID
The Smart Grids European Technology Platform for Electricity
Networks of the Future began its work in 2005. Its aim was to
formulate and promote a vision for the development of Europe’s
electricity networks looking towards 2020 and beyond.

Smart Grids’ mission is to create a shared vision which:

✔ Enables Electricity grids to meet the challenges and

opportunities of the 21st century.

✔ Fulfils the expectations of the society.

✔ Strengthens the business context for the electricity sector and its
international opportunities.

What a Smart Grid is?

The function of an Electrical grid is not a single entity but an
aggregate of multiple networks and multiple power generation
companies with multiple operators employing varying levels of
communication and coordination, most of which is manually
controlled. Smart grids increase the connectivity, automation and
coordination between these suppliers, consumers and networks that
perform either long distance transmission or local distribution tasks.

 Transmission networks move electricity in bulk over medium to

long distances, are actively managed, and generally operate from
345kV to 800kV over AC and DC lines.
 Local networks traditionally moved power in one direction,
"distributing" the bulk power to consumers and businesses via
lines operating at 132kV and lower.
This paradigm is changing as businesses and homes begin
generating more wind and solar electricity, enabling them to sell
surplus energy back to their utilities. Modernization is necessary for
energy consumption efficiency, real time management of power
flows and to provide the bi-directional metering needed to
compensate local producers of power.
HOW DOES THE SMART GRID WORK?
The Smart Grid updates the existing power grid to employ real-time,
two-way communication between power suppliers and their
residential, commercial and industrial customers. Power suppliers
provide their customers with pricing information that is based on
electricity demand for a given period during the day. Customers use
that information to guide power usage.
Smart grid functions
✔ Be able to heal itself
✔ Motivate consumers to actively participate in operations of the grid
✔ Resist attack
✔ Provide higher quality power that will save money wasted from outages
✔ Accommodate all generation and storage options
✔ Enable electricity markets to flourish
✔ Run more efficiently
✔ Enable higher penetration of intermittent power generation sources

MERITS

✔ More stable power provided by smart grid technologies will

reduce downtime and prevent high losses.
✔ Intelligence in distribution grids will enable small producers to
generate and sell electricity at the local level using alternative
sources such as rooftop-mounted photo voltaic panels, small-
scale wind turbines, and micro hydro generators.
✔ A smart grid can optimize capital assets while minimizing
operations and maintenance costs
✔ The increased efficiency and reliability of the smart grid is
expected to save consumers money and help reduce CO2
emissions.
✔ The real-time, two-way communications available in a smart
grid will enable consumers to be compensated for their efforts
to save energy and to sell energy back to the grid through net-
metering.
Smart Grids: Enhancing grid flexibility & robustness
• Create a toolbox of proven technical solutions that can be deployed
rapidly and cost-effectively, enabling existing grids to accept power
injections from distributed energy resources without contravening
critical operational limits (such as voltage control, switching
equipment capability and power flow capacity);
• Establish interfacing capabilities that will allow new designs of grid
equipment and new automation/control arrangements to be
successfully interfaced with existing, traditional, grid equipment;
• Ensure harmonization of regulatory and commercial frameworks in
Europe to facilitate cross-border trading of both power and grid
services (such as reserve power, for instance Nordic hydropower),
ensuring that they will accommodate a wide range of operating
situations without creating perverse incentives or other unintended
consequences;
• Develop information, computing and telecommunication systems
that enable businesses to utilize innovative service arrangements to
improve their efficiency and enhance their services to customers.

Today’s grids are predominantly based on large central power

stations connected to high voltage transmission systems which, in
turn, supply power to medium and low-voltage local distribution
systems. The transmission and distribution systems are commonly
run by natural monopolies (national or regional bodies) under energy
authorities’ control. In contrast, the generation sector is increasingly
competitive.

There is little or no consumer participation and no end-to-end

communications.

FUTURE GRIDS
Distribution grids will become active and will have to accommodate bi-
directional power flows.
The European electricity systems have moved to operate under the framework
of a market model in which generators are dispatched according to market
forces and the grid control centre undertakes an overall supervisory role (active
power balancing and ancillary services such as voltage stability).

SETTING UP SMART POWER GRIDS

Electricity grids of the future are Smart in several ways. Firstly, they
allow the customer to take an active role in the supply of electricity.
Demand management becomes an indirect source of generation and
savings are rewarded. Secondly, the new system offers greater
efficiency as links are set up across Europe and beyond to draw on
available resources and enable an efficient exchange of energy. In
addition, environmental concerns will be addressed, thanks to the
exploitation of sustainable energy sources