PART A - QUESTION 4 (FINAL EXAM JULY 2018)

a) Definitions

Stoichiometric air – minimum amount of air needed for

a complete combustion
Excess air – amount of air in excess of the stoichiometric amount.
Deficiency of air – amount of air less than stoichiometric amount.
Reasons for incomplete combustion :- *choose any two (reasons)
- Insufficient amount of oxygen
- Insufficient mixing in the combustion chamber during the
limited time that the fuel and the oxygen are in contact
- Dissociation at high temperature

b)

x(0.65CH 4  0.25N 2  0.10O2 )  ath (O2  3.76 N 2 )

 3.36CO2  0.09CO  15.04O2  81.64 N 2  bH 2O

Solving for C;
C : 0.65x  3.36  0.09
x  5.31
Solving for N;
N : 2(0.25) x  ath (3.76)(2)  (2)(81.64)
ath  21.36
Solving for H;
H : 4( x)(0.65)  (2)(b)
b  6.9

5.31(0.65CH 4  0.25N 2  0.10O2 )  21.36(O2  3.76 N 2 )

 3.36CO2  0.09CO  15.04O2  81.64 N 2  6.9H 2O

The combustion equation per 1 kmol

0.65CH 4  0.25N 2  0.10O2  4.02(O2  3.76 N 2 )
 0.633CO2  0.017CO  2.82O2  15.37 N 2  1.3H 2O

i) m air 4.02(4.76 kmol)(29 kg kmol)

AF    26.9 kg air kg fuel
m fuel 0.65(16)  0.25(28)  0.10(32)
ii) 0.65CH 4  0.25N 2  0.10O2  ath (O2  3.76 N 2 )
 xCO2  yN 2  zH 2O
Solving for C;
C : 0.65
Solving for H;
H : 4(0.65)  2 z  z  1.3
Solving for O;
 O : 2(0.10)  ath (2)  (2)(0.65)  1.3  ath  1.2
Solving for N;
N : 0.25(2)  1.2(2)(3.76)  (2) y  y  4.76

m air,act 4.02(4.76 kmol)(29 kg kmol)

% theoritica l air    335%
m air,stoich 1.2(4.76 kmol)(29 kg kmol)

PART B - QUESTION 3 (FINAL EXAM JAN 2018)

C8H18
COMBUSTION xCO2 + yH2O + zN2
CHAMBER Product @ 890K
AIR

b) Stoichiometric reaction
C8 H18  ath (O2  3.76 N 2 )  xCO2  yH 2O  zN2

Solving for C;
C :8  x
Solving for H;
H : 18  2( y)
y 9
Solving for O;
O : ath (2)  2( x)  ( y)
ath  12.5
Solving for N;
N : ath (3.76)(2)  (2)( z)
z  47
The combustion equation per 1 kmol
C8 H18  12.5(O2  3.76 N 2 )  8CO2  9H 2O  47 N 2

c) Air-fuel ratio
mair 12.5(4.76 kmol)(29 kg kmol)
AF    15.136 kg air kg fuel
m fuel 8(12)  18(1)
d) The rate of heat transfer
m air
AF   m air  (1.8 x10 3 ) x(15.136)  0.0272 kg s

m fuel

Qout   N react h f0  hT  h 0 react

  N prod h f0  hT  h 0 
prod

 N hreact
0
f  hT  h 0

react
 1(249910)  249910 kJ kmol
 N h prod
0
f  hT  h 0  prod

   8[393520  36876  9364]  2928064 kJ kmol
N CO2 h f0  hT  h 0 CO2

N h  h  h   9[241820  31429  9904]  1982655 kJ kmol

H 2O
0
f T
0
H 2O

N h  h  h   47[0  26568  8669]  841253 kJ kmol

N2
0
f T
0
N2

 N h  h  h   4069466 kJ kmol
prod
0
f T
0
prod

Qout  249910 kJ kmol  (4069466 kJ kmol)  3819556 kJ kmol

1 kmol (114.22 kg/kmol) of C8H18 gives 3,819,556 kJ
3819556
qout   33440.34 kJ kg
8(12)  18(1)
 fuel * qout  (1.8x10 3 ) x(33440)  60.19kW
qout  m