Fundamental of Welding Science and Technology

Lecture 4:Welding symbol

Pankaj Biswas (PhD)

Department of Mechanical Engineering
IIT Guwahati
 Contents
 Generalized Welding Symbol
 Different examples of weld symbol
 Some important notes

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Generalized Welding Symbol

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Generalized Welding Symbol Contd….

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Weld Symbols (Butt Joints)

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Weld Symbol (T- Joints)

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Weld Symbol (Corner Joints)

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 A few extra symbol parts

Some other welding symbols

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Basic Weld Symbols

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Example Welding Symbol

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Example Problem

5/9 inch Fillet Weld

as shown
Start with Arrow Side

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Example Problem Cont.…

3/5 inch Fillet Weld

as shown
Start with Arrow Side

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 Example Problem Cont…
 Reinforcement with Melt - Through

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 Multiple Reference Lines
 In case of a sequence of operations
 First operation is closest to the arrow

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Example Problem Contd…
 Depth of penetration (Arrow side) = 3/5’’
 Depth of penetration (Arrow side) = 3/5’’
Root opening = 1/14’’
 Groove angle (Arrow side) = 65°
 Groove angle (Other side) = 60°
 Fist weld specification is CJP
 2nd weld specification is GTSM

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 Extra Important Notes
 The Arrow
• A straight arrow is used for weld locations.

• A broken-arrow line is used for joint preparation and breaks

toward the piece that is to be beveled.

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Example Problem Cont…

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 Extra Important Notes

No measurement on depth, the Bevel goes all the way to the other side

The throat measurement will be given in the left of the weld symbol

The effective throat measurement will be given in parentheses, left of the

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weld symbol
 Extra Important Notes
Surfacing and Hard facing Welds – Welds that are applied to areas
that need to be built up or need hard facing to prevent wear.
 The height of the weld will be indicated to the left of the weld
symbol.

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 Extra Important Notes
Back and Backing Welds:
 A Backing weld will be made on the opposite side of a groove
before the groove weld is made and will also appear on the
opposite side of the reference line. It will also be noted in the tail
as to be a Backing weld.

 A Back weld will be made on the opposite side of a groove weld

after the groove weld and will also appear on the opposite side of
the reference line. It will also be noted in the tail as to be a Back
weld.

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 Extra Important Notes
 Additional reference lines are used to present a sequence of
welds or operations to be preformed. Additional references can be
made in two ways, like by drawing another reference line or
stacking symbols.

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Welding Power Sources

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 Types of electric discharges

NON SUSTAINABLE SUSTAINABLE SUSTAINABLE

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 Introduction
 POWER SOURCES are apparatuses that are used to supply
current and voltage that are suitable for particular welding processes.

 Arc Welding Power Sources

 Arc welding requires that an electric arc be established between an
electrode and the workpiece to produce the heat needed for melting the
base plate.
 Because utility energy is not delivered at the proper voltage and
current, it must be converted to the required levels by the welding
power source.
 Arc power sources convert the customary 240 or 480 V alternating
current (ac) utility power to a range from 20 to 80 V and simultaneously
increase the current proportionately.
 Motor- or engine-driven welding generators are wound to deliver the
correct voltage and current directly; therefore, no transformer is
necessary.
 Categories of Power Sources

 The conventional welding power sources (based on power supply):

Power Source Supply

(i) Welding Transformer AC
(ii) Welding Rectifier DC
AC or DC (Depending on
(iii) Welding Generators
generator)

(iv) Inverter type DC

 Open-Circuit Voltage
 Open-Circuit Voltage (OCV): When no load is connected to the
output terminals of a welding power source, the voltage that appears at
the terminals is at its maximum.

 A high OCV value generally uses in arc starting and stability.

 In transformer-type power sources, OCV is established by the

incoming utility line voltage and the transformer primary-to
secondary turns ratio.

 The open circuit voltage normally ranges between 70-90 V in case

of welding transformers.
 In case of rectifiers it is 50-80 V.

 However, welding voltages are lower as compared to open circuit

voltage of the power source.
 History of welding power units
 The welding power unit converts the high voltage of the mains
supply to a nonhazardous level. Figure below shows the historical
development of different welding power units.

Fig: Development of different welding power units.

End

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