Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
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* THIRD DIVISION.
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final judgment that the fact from which the civil might arise did not
exist), said acquittal closes the door to civil liability based on the
crime or ex delicto. In this second instance, there being no crime or
delict to speak of, civil liability based thereon or ex delicto is not
possible. In this case, a civil action, if any, may be instituted on
grounds other than the delict complained of.
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both. The liability of the employer under Article 2180 is direct and
immediate; it is not conditioned upon prior recourse against the
negligent employee and a prior showing of the insolvency of such
employee. Therefore, it is incumbent upon the private respondents
to prove that they exercised the diligence of a good father of a
family in the selection and supervision of their employee.
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CHICO-NAZARIO, J.:
1
Assailed before Us is the decision of the Court of Appeals
in CA-G.R.
2
CV No. 55909 which affirmed in toto the
decision of the Regional Trial Court (RTC) of Dagupan
City, Branch 42, in Civil Case No. D-10086, finding
petitioners Mauricio Manliclic and Philippine Rabbit Bus
Lines, Inc. (PRBLI) solidarily liable to pay damages and
attorneyÊs fees to respondent Modesto Calaunan.
The factual antecedents are as follows:
The vehicles involved in this case are: (1) Philippine
Rabbit Bus No. 353 with plate number CVD-478, owned by
petitioner PRBLI and driven by petitioner Mauricio
Manliclic; and (2) owner-type jeep with plate number PER-
290, owned by respondent Modesto Calaunan and driven by
Marcelo Mendoza.
At around 6:00 to 7:00 oÊclock in the morning of 12 July
1988, respondent Calaunan, together with Marcelo
Mendoza, was on his way to Manila from Pangasinan on
board his owner-type jeep. The Philippine Rabbit Bus was
likewise bound for Manila from Concepcion, Tarlac. At
approximately Kilometer 40 of the North Luzon
Expressway in Barangay Lalangan, Plaridel, Bulacan, the
two vehicles collided. The front right side of the Philippine
Rabbit Bus hit the rear left
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7 Exh. „E-4.‰
8 Exhs. „A‰ to „H,‰ with submarkings.
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„The parties differed only on the manner the collision between the
two (2) vehicles took place. According to the plaintiff and his driver,
the jeep was cruising at the speed of 60 to 70 kilometers per hour on
the slow lane of the expressway when the Philippine Rabbit Bus
overtook the jeep and in the process of overtaking the jeep, the
Philippine Rabbit Bus hit the rear of the jeep on the left side. At the
time the Philippine Rabbit Bus hit the jeep, it was about to
overtake the jeep. In other words, the Philippine Rabbit Bus was
still at the back of the jeep when the jeep was hit. Fernando Ramos
corroborated the testimony of the plaintiff and Marcelo Mendoza.
He said that he was on another jeep following the Philippine Rabbit
Bus and the jeep of plaintiff when the incident took place. He said,
the jeep of the plaintiff overtook them and the said jeep of the
plaintiff was followed by the Philippine Rabbit Bus which was
running very fast. The bus also overtook the jeep in which he was
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riding. After that, he heard a loud sound. He saw the jeep of the
plaintiff swerved to the
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9 Exh. „19‰.
10 Exhs. „M‰ to „P.‰
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II
III
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IV
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14 CA Rollo, p. 193.
15 Rollo, pp. 59-62, 88.
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29 People v. Martinez, G.R. No. 116918, 19 June 1997, 274 SCRA 259,
272.
30 Art. 2176. Whoever by act or omission causes damage to another,
there being fault or negligence, is obliged to pay for the damage done.
Such fault or negligence, if there is no pre-existing contractual relation
between the parties, is called a quasi-delict and is governed by the
provision of this Chapter.
657
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„To the following findings of the court a quo, to wit: that accused-
appellant was negligent „when the bus he was driving bumped the
jeep from behind;‰ that „the proximate cause of the accident was his
having driven the bus at a great speed while closely following the
jeep;‰ x x x We do not agree.
The swerving of CalaunanÊs jeep when it tried to overtake the
vehicle in front of it was beyond the control of accused-appellant.
xxxx
Absent evidence of negligence, therefore, accused-appellant
cannot be held liable for Reckless Imprudence Resulting in Damage
to Property with Physical Injuries as defined in Article 365 of the
32
Revised Penal Code.‰
„(b) Extinction of the penal action does not carry with it extinction
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33 Elcano v. Hill, G.R. No. L-24803, 26 May 1977, 77 SCRA 98, 106.
34 Andamo v. Intermediate Appellate Court, G.R. No. 74761, 6
November 1990, 191 SCRA 195, 203-204.
35 Heirs of the Late Guaring, Jr. v. Court of Appeals, 336 Phil. 274, 279;
269 SCRA 283, 288 (1997).
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36 McKee v. Intermediate Appellate Court, G.R. No. 68102 and No. 68103, 16
July 1992, 211 SCRA 517, 536.
37 Castillo v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 48541, 21 August 1989, 176 SCRA
591, 598.
38 Pilipinas Shell Petroleum Corporation v. John Bordman Ltd. of Iloilo,
Inc., G.R. No. 159831, 14 October 2005, 473 SCRA 151, 162.
661
tionerÊs main and reply briefs are not disputed by the respondents;
and (10) the findings of fact of the Court of Appeals are premised on
the supposed absence of evidence and contradicted by the evidence
39
on record.‰
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39 Sigaya v. Mayuga, G.R. No. 143254, 18 August 2005, 467 SCRA 341, 352-
353.
662
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xxxx
Employers shall be liable for the damages caused by their employees
and household helpers acting within the scope of their assigned tasks,
even though the former are not engaged in any business or industry.
xxxx
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presumption.
We emphatically reiterate our holding, as a warning to all
employers, that „the formulation of various company policies on
safety without showing that they were being complied with is not
sufficient to exempt petitioner from liability arising from negligence
of its employees. It is incumbent upon petitioner to show that in
recruiting
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authorized by law.
WHEREFORE, premises considered, the instant petition
for review is DENIED. The decision of the Court of Appeals
in CA-G.R. CV No. 55909 is AFFIRMED with the
MODIFICATION that (1) the award of moral damages
shall be reduced to P50,000.00; and (2) the award of
exemplary damages shall be lowered to P50,000.00. Costs
against petitioners.
SO ORDERED.
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47 Exhs. „C‰ to „C-4‰ and „F.‰ Records, pp. 232-236, 288. Article 2219
(2), Civil Code.
48 Kapalaran Bus Line v. Coronado, G.R. No. 85331, 25 August 1989,
176 SCRA 792, 803.
49 Article 2229, Civil Code.
50 Tiu v. Arriesgado, G.R. No. 138060, 1 September 2004, 437 SCRA
426, 451; Philtranco Service Enterprises, Inc. v. Court of Appeals, G.R.
No. 120553, 17 June 1997, 273 SCRA 562, 574-575.
51 Article 2208 (1), (2) and (5), Civil Code.
667
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