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Soil Consolidation
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What is a PVD
• Prefabricated Vertical Drain - PVD
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PVDs shorten drainage path
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Why use PVD over sand drain
• Installation of PVDs typically 6,000 linear meters per day and result in
a lower project cost.
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Why use PVD over sand drain
• When installed with purpose designed mandril, smear effects are much
smaller for PVDs than for the large diameter sand drains. Zone of
smear is directly proportional to the diameter of mandril used for
installation.
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Vertical drain design
• Terzaghi T90 time factor = 0.848 while assuming soft clay with ch = 2 m²/year:
• by using:
- Colbonddrain CX1000
- 1.6 m triangular centers
90% consolidations
in 12 months.
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Equivalent PVD diameter
• calculation assumes PVD cylindrical and draining effect dependent on
periphery
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Drain spacing
D=S
√ 2√3
---------
π
= 1 . 05 S
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Kjellman formula
D2
• t = ---------
8 Ch
[ D 3
]
ln ( ---- ) - ----
d 4
1
ln ----------
1 - Uh
• where:
t = consolation period (years)
D = diameter of drained soil cylinder (m)
d = equivalent diameter of drain (m)
Ch = horizontal consolidation coefficient
(m2/year)
Uh = average horizontal consolidation degree
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Discharge capacity
• maximum flow observed from PVD = 5 x 10-6 m3/s = 158 m3/year.
Hydraulic gradient approximately 0.1
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Discharge capacity
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Discharge capacity
50
40
30
20
10
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2
Hydraulic gradient, i
Q
qw = --------- Maximum actual gradient 0.1
i
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Disclaimer
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