CHAPTER 13
Advanced Topics in Shear
Strength of Soils and Rocks
inropucTion
Pa the lane sta
{ola wiht he eng of natured ls an faba bears ck
as a a9,
: eh eereeren 4
MT HR tie man 27
Mirsky Bin lista termite (1.28)
mpi sot) 0327
(Conte) (Cama
Dimension
(Gee)
oy
Genes)
the
tes
the
(aes)
(eae)
(sewer
(eee
(ae)
(aca)
(eae)
14 nation 615
Detnon
Dimensions constant (Eq 39)
‘Normal fee E1830)
(ooh eq 32)
(eee ea a)
Ma pam are ai (1229)
Epa cota (127)
UUniraind eng ata or oemly
nated ay E135).
Real depe fst
Sheree Eg (1-0) ort endon (1361)
‘ates pat
Shetrwate react Bg (1824)
‘Sin ener disputed daring one ese fading
Tac)
East) "
ec tin dentin se
sr eto pp tis
Chg in rine stent per lg ge cage in
Stan ate (13.8)
ni compres stengh frock (8.7)
(Otte alse Ea 0808)
ee reg (182)
‘Mean pia elec sess Bg (1.72)
etc smi eve es (1029)
Result arse’
eis or aos conse pecinens
(Oca shen esa (13.7)
Arle ereseating ieee inser stent et
tin (1)
nvr cede ton parameter
Inwantancow rion ample (3)
‘Ant aera ction toy pine in es ad
‘easily (837
‘rc angle toon ner sac (Tae 135)
Shoot knee (136)
arc ton prt” (1342) 616 Chapter 13 Advanced Tops in Shear Strength of ol and Rocks
122 STRESS PATHS
‘Ax you know fom Chap snes of tes pit i gio cn erp bya Mob
Grinarco commit yc Soeties i caenen epee hat ates yes
om wich th crates (=) ant #5) som In 18 or ys.
‘Sle in gece cnpicsing astm hd ton vera orale 0 he
rdf the sss ecm (eV oy 0) Spy Pope
ay
» ena)
Bot gn cul of ous, defined in terms te picpl rses b onventon a
conseed ponte shen oe Sy there negate:
‘cit undegos ding ou or nla A cara shoving ths steve se wi sri
‘Mote cel soa eed 1-20 bt might be ote copay he es pth were
Complete inp vost oly tle fhe srs pt Tie len calle es path
ton wht ne alla pg agra [ig 1820) Nove hat both pn cul ied ere
[ther xl somes octave syenen As elo. pine mar se (ibe efetne
Sts Soto Ee (13.1) amd (132) andthe eftve se eqn Eq (08) chat =p
tthe p= pert ste eco yosttiorpre mtr peste
‘hous map ose pba aun orgie Pro. Lambe of MT
sorted tan eating deme ao Win 9) ond esp te ethod
ina procal ening tl the luo by defamation rts (anbe 194
"Se Lami and Mr 1979) ery len ingots patie i you ust he om
testes pth of Jour rtm. You te
‘lao ew ovate tn
‘sige solute ses pts
Ikebe weinee ae Mey celeste
fis tet ae shown nF 13.20) abn with
‘ter aren pane The cerning see
ah hun ig 183) wate
Italo $3" om the hota ese
{hee oi een st fess
{plane nd om the pnp
[NGURE 121A ce of sen and coping
essere sha ei ne
downinfig: stand 134 ei ine
feprot2 nota tte of te
fe) "Yaw abutd vey hat ech ses path
‘Gime 182 (asic Marc (sen pt an asin it he ection st
teat panning ert dein he rs, We al how ow Siete conpesin)
2 Ouing lang ean
URE 123 ret ste a for ity ates cnr er Lambe nd Wha
viene? 0 rnbycostat compressor)
"r
2 oui dra rea
svar
URE 124 itn sts pt fray orem ste condos arabe ard Wn 1618 Chapter 12 Adkanced Topics in hea Strength of Sol and Rocks
ramp 1
‘ven
ges 18S and 14,
Required:
ey tha spt A and C of Fig 183 and A aD of Fig 184 arent 8 show,
Sotuon Th nl contin fra sts pas nF 33.
o= OF condone are [Ege (131 and 33)
(a+ Nh2 = on en and
lo. # 405) ~ (eet Son)
Forse pth Se = Ae 0
‘hut ste path A moves out onthe pay an amount My = Ae,
ese pth y= arco
+80, ~e.~ doe 1
det best ont es
» :
“Theses atthe (4) oa he of es path Tse gap thine yan
Snot 8g dy and py, which mets ha the ss pal hae ep ot
laced a ion shown ai 13
Torstrespath€ay = and Sy react by sme smo 132 StomPathe 619
S09 = thaw,and Ap ~ Ye, Therefore ape ofthe sess path mst be or tined a
‘Tinton so forse th As hg 14 Mee al condos we noes 0
‘Theil eons for path ae
‘S09 = the, and Ap ~ to wlc ithe sae a forse path Cin Fe 133,
ors path Dia Fp. 134, derees wie A neat Ini 9.) tesa
athe th a sos fy) 5
(eo Ba) ~ (oy Son)
(as Ae) + (en + Son)
y= hdl tetey and p= —Yhaoy + May
“Th ata spe fe srs pth depen onthe lative apt of Sy and ay bin omer
ind dodo esha ne
Iv igten convient a conser ser In Chater 6 we defined tel tera K,
ich thea trot vert ea
Kc fas)
Interns offerte sss thas
ws
ete Ki le the nett fra ear peste at est or condons fo ater stan
Ftysean dfn sai forth ses a st ae
os) 20 Chapter 12 Adionced Tpis in shear Stengt of Sol and Rocks
where ay =the Roc ett esa fare. apd
‘y= the er teste re at re
say ei items of tec tenes at tol ao be tres i tr of a
stro Contan rear pes vsti noe ap dara Fe 13) Te ie a ho
‘Seu ut fri oon oe ey = O ite o Kee ox eran (at
‘al ei,)-Obe tl sons of ure pai cha te sown np 133 a 18
bn
ay)
fer
rune Ce)
ee isthe lope te ine of conan K when K = K-Lite the spe ts Ke ind
‘Sted y te pol Note that foray pe where ou kno p nd fr amp poit An
Fp 133).ey snd cn realy found propa taaes ar estes pu ere
IBecans oar ana inl tee nae shy mt lays be peter tno, enly
beter ston eka enpeting > -Itbscavetong
‘Norwest ph ht apo ngs npr When
epost ins senay sons ites ake re wa hte prada alo veurs
{Star ar aden mst oped top above At threw nremes he ede cole
{nde in au (hopes ban) tbe of depois lately ge empared wih
‘cae ofthe dopon, then com moos tha i cnpetion weal oedema
Unc testa moulds Kab the te path arity eens
ca |
1-05 — Ko
‘ enn)
eRe 15 ite oan es tr and eample of sre ath ang
Momo, ate tan sa hme, 132 suessraths 24
HOURE 126 re pathsringstimentatin and sag of ral crs
(ede tek
censalaon woul be iit pth AB in F186. Thc als of Ky fo ganar materia
‘pe trom show 04406 betes or noma consbed ay Kean esa han 05
en hh dra 5, Ge So 12d 2) Wn set
the sampe The tee path lon pps ie BC Fg sd then einen ed
‘Seep onthe hon (oy = eK = a Tsao pat and lino he sent
‘at daca See 30 and oe extemsely 9 La and Dro 20).
lope pres nonin steph sim to BCin ig 18 woe flo he ete sss
‘mini oh removed he patheoid extend am we lw he ash Tea wold he be
‘ners. apd, wou be reste an 1.0
‘Shnstinsnengicrng race tot pine recs i the borat oer Ke
[pm sn ig 1 Aer cmon he nding (outing) path ome ae depends ot
{hei ating cnditnr se wines to ma For common fel nn lhe abatery
‘tc tha nel hm ew nf 137. Note ta erp er ae in
{sumed nthe rena snplr im hich hte no acs pe wer ese ert
Seer ctv ses a he tal sft (TSP fea gen Hing a othe
‘cin te pu (ES
"ar suppente by E133), we ae ft itresed in eons aa, i tise
now the snows btveen the Khe and the MoM-Coomt fare envio Conair the
{ro Mohr svi shown in 138 The cel onthe le aw ola ppse nt ep
‘itt ar intrmuot the p-dagrm Toe Went ieeon he ett fare rele
‘othe Mabe +- dara Tosa the slopes the ones nd he nee several Mod
‘Graseandatvn pth dtrmineover aang sess were ned Te equaiorothe Khe
at ytd 136)
he imtercpom he in sre ui at
(= the ae ofthe ie wi expec othe hz. Segre.
“The eqaton of the MoCo firemen ie
tyr opting re a1) 622 chapter 12 Adionced Topic in shear Suengt of Solis and Rods
a composer
_—
_——
—
| er
af tense)
tt Cosas example
AE Adal etanson ‘Uneadng (eaten decease constant
edad ame, 9
na eran
oss)
ry
Samp dir the seestength parameter 9 anc may rely fe omit
“Anttuepec ote param at ky te oso aha and fietve
sts te sme aan Wea cert or raiding te tal es ps (TSP)
Ende efriv ee ath (ESP) ar esa (xlding ay bck pte wel start te il
‘Smee 0) atc erate ee ay aig aa 132 Stes paths 2
ult the ESP ic nce por afer restr deep Forma compression ‘AC logo
‘aly cmoldued cay (ky ta pesine ese poe ater ree dewey Petr the
{Siro whe lef the TSP hae” = Sic Atay pot Sa he nde pre was
Presi Su may be a el ny horns etnen he TSP an Ess some in i 9,
“esr pa for the mul stage comet unined iia! ee res pesete in
‘example 1212 are shown nip 10 Asin ip. 139th saps a the elective sto pb te
{iat ee specinens wore somal orl py ceo
Saeene
Smocatsl,
se
268)
aos) 624 chapter 13 Adtonced Tpis in shear Stength of ols and Rocks
Example 132
Rogue
‘Using she ts paths nF 1340, vey tha the aaa fective strength sate shown
lnFie Ew ah,
Selon: othe ope tdi othe bes ee Kj nes ote fet an al ste
ft deine the prt "9 swing ap (137) td (188), Te ulate Bet in
{ane Ee It along withthe comesondng Ma Coslon seg parame.
Fae Fo tied) Oe 48) PD
1 cay is overrated (fy > 1, the move pre ater promt (— A) develaps
becnse the yd cgand daring ca bel ea (Remember we talking out nai
Inning ia wich no vlune Sang slows) For AC ang onan overcast ly srs
pate hve sown aie 1311 wl develop Sar, wean pote and etic ste pate
Ferotes pet nding od wltings or fh normaly od orerconnistesod and wall
‘ow tome seein Se 88
‘mort pt sith in gets niesting her ext ttc prountnater ae
{tes pate soul cnr tc EP he TS andthe (Fg). These he tae sen
Fp 1112 ors nay sted witha pre water presairsunepng ASoe
Nov tht rng the pore ei esate eran crm flee
we
= ae
—
FUE 11 steps an —
‘aempreion obey —
‘omotantes oy Ko (tas arma
i ro,
ht conetd
alrite lap
ovronslsed a
Inthe CD trai ot the tr pte ae salah ine ince we ly ap oto testes,
coms soy ay te es pal dete parr swan 7b eu on
‘Shinning aah ete sin AC.
‘soto, yet coms, sal copes tes Let lak tt ig 15), te
‘erat th ston oral amslatedchy The sr pat reson feces
th ESP) be otal ts pa (TSP) adhe ey ts pl (7 JSF Bas th ot 625 chapter 13 Adsanced Topi in shear trenath a oad Rocks
tyentateally conoid the pth ein on he hyo ait vis fp lt the ta
{Sn eecve ensolatonjresares espstnely Noe tat p= pa The fase pth er
‘Siscompresion nd conta cell prema hs ie cod 4m sh Sic ont
pore peur develop inthe normaly ome cy. the ESPs to the ft othe TS eee
Pity au hesitation dst talgontotkst tome nF 139, Note ta qth sme or
‘Sice wep Dose me defn the fe the aun (2) ~ 05) awe 3130) 8a
neti 139, ctnp the nil consion nha se was en estate (Ry 1)
‘Sic thc rect cay a ete ia coeston wih coin Hyrstaiecl
remus the moa retptheo 13.181) are rely he hn of i 1313) sl ines
Seine at 51 the hytoste as But the shape afte FSP ssp diferent Lok back t
{he development of poe peste with ia sa fo ste nF 1228 See ow sat out
$lgity postive got way neat (tanya a expand pean). The same
{his Kappens othe EXP ne (344) Iressa to hit ru) othe (1 ~ a SPat ee
thon tbe pre presse esos increasing sexsi, Ie ESP eros te (7 — 1) ul mas
‘am gory sence Agi, eco th way me die alr qs the sue all thee tess
at Sou ay rol hat the ESP ni 13 8) for the veeonsiated cy hs shape Sa to
{Batshown nig 18 there th the tater spew mst wih Re
“Svesspil ort UU tenet Fig 12 are shown Fag 1314 Bebo er ama con
stg cl andthe ales op aor all he es reste the abel the ie Ree
4 rane
ye acmnlensy
a4 = 9187-0)
3
wmf fee fe] edee |
jefe | o | uae | oe
z[e|—# Ts
2 eae or
FHGURE 12.4 Se pt for enon nara cone ey Same eta. 1239 133. PoroPromure Parameters for Diferet Sts athe 627
former
_, comanna} rebate,
tog. 1228 if ascemary ove th ves he ay were vest hn fm your ow
‘gotcha youn expect th ESP oan spe slr othe ot 3150),
‘Athe beggin we meso hat hee ate eer mye eesning tes
path getecl ugnering Veco ures wore developed Haread Oy Po esr s
[Evan (ep Heh 193) They dtnd the tesorcarve athe site atone pote
Til ate pla bt hese very rail nes you sendy Ee theron me fe
(ere Sn 1142) Later for comer they poe vestor carer suman he age he fae
Fen wi whch tommy astern peo 4 [Ey (110 Along Lambe
So ey at in he eco me pas th
‘Another ass pt ommon era tt sol mecha Se 157) he Camber
‘poh To iferncs ze that the pil se tees ot g(r es), mead of
‘oy "a sim the MIT stem nthe Cries sts path hs 43D tion othe os
sitctvesescor p= (0) +29) The Cmte es pl il ave ire ape a the
Ip aun coe lah a scr CU
Ditcme The ESPs pc fort NC cay. ahough tot ax cared 4 ME se pth pA
‘hownin Fie 115th ss pth or an LED te why constant lagen ot 1 ope hak
ent inion oI
123 PORE PRESSURE PARAMETERS FOR DIFFERENT STRESS PATHS
InSee 1217, into the Skempon yore peste paraetes Aand Band dese bow they
2 en ary sing od prt, eine hat he
a= Haws + (Sos ~ Se) cy
‘ws dtvd for comentions taal compreson conions But asin sown ie Appendix tic
{ko te foresters You rel hat tral extension te pina sre ba tated
‘Sr posse nm oy = v2 Th lowing dcoion ean terse ht aos eon
These or hl cmpresion bests coins the pei als of Acre a
{pendent on tests path The common al rn pth ae sw isa coed
(dan Sse hand 183 28 chapter 12 Advanced Topic in shea Strength of Solis and Rocks
‘As shown by La and Hal (178) nin Appa where rotation prises
ccc fete define the poe prewre prrter Ai rms of pa Se nets
‘heh ar dependent of be ial sess tem Ite Jone, the he gunn oA a each
{hecommon al ae pao
as)
asi0)
as
ea showa in Appendix 3 hat
as
so
Aen Ae in)
‘You wifi these ution wen understanding srs paths ring nied (See 18.4
{hu 733} and forthe poms th end fh cape
‘Ara eps i ody Hemel (0) no ste
= Bide Bra as)
em ley tent on) asi)
tag WMG CO PH CF «ary
anesthe Heke por pres pare Sonsines he Heel parameter iam he sy
{Sand vst er Eqn (115) rvs in Ayn 3 Ax edt ye 9)
Beton (070 ca tent ty fl oes cna pene ate Sr it
fom pina ste cate tendo hve tein eal ne a as
tethering) pt a on ia vss abd ent Sr
"Fe ewan fo geting te salen Soman A om Henk a pair for waa
‘ommpesion nd cntemion ono ae developed a Append HS. Tee rats ef
‘miler (AC ad LE) condos
ante cau) 134 stress Paths During Undine LeadingNormally ad Lighty Overconsoliaed Clays 628
or tai extevon (AB and) conto
2,.v
ante’! xy)
“Thou cqutons mean of coast = Oforeltc materia sine A= 9 ini compression
tna al extenson.
jou have se eu of wha tener pipes inthe Be hen yu probly
she) hr) emt eens
{heel poe presses ow abritory txt en pinay bec the ore rene parameters
"ne very tome to spl itt: Hex a (108). D’Apptenia ea GI), and Ler
‘at sr and) prone mths for esinatng pore pests under emtankne sm so ys
13.4 STRESS PATHS DURING UNDRAINED LOADING—NORMALLY
[AND LIGHTLY OVERCONSOLIDATED CLAYS
{We sow examples of es pts fr usin ing of arma consoled cys Fis 139
152.181) nd 13.16 These ses pt as apply oly sasha ae ily oecosaate,
[otywiton OCR © Porsa Wea the OCR ma vtldpont etre on aa
[okemor ie ss overcoat hy Naturalis depots nica thy ae ver ese aerarcly
"rly morally onl andin scape bonne ens normaly oat property id
‘kine ce ay overomited dopo hl exter.
‘Undine tpt or nrc ase sow a Fag. 1.1 a 13138). eo
oxen cnc thn a Jo om an hy the pa ae te
‘Seale sed in ngoerng pact, the lemon (AC) lst Mest fhe iv the ai
‘Suara hyn (=e aay psec wee
‘onl be fercntthan hel prere (Ry Aswe enone ne 132he ae aes patie
‘her han sin eompresion ht mol el obi dese stations Sere thse te sbon ih
Fp 1316 alongwith hbo oe Al compression (AC) mote ovndaton aes
‘trom nemunkmest rosa Lateral xen (LE) dle cect pose condion.
‘hin retaining wats Ata enttson (AE) tos lng sunt ke eens a nea
‘imprenon (L6) sls pase ear pres cndtont ach ar ig tar own an each
Secor ei pe scing appentons
‘yu tn shout the odnary tral et nate est moe for the din conditions
‘masta nip woe al ght fora (2) and (the ound sexes wore
‘Srovar(or expe a a nk underground sat orm reactor pt). The mre al ene
Stern doers een oth gest 1830) ery kong compete ter hie
‘he cn fle san Examples at ln emtunement pooling slong ang ale I
Thee cmos pening the shear segs shoul he determined bye pane si ets
[Fe Ite) The ukeratry medelson he ga of Fi 15 16 ean aa wp ors contin
Inte alain el Se lanes ta aed ae
path the roe orig ae istration xl 620 Chapter 13. Advanced Topic in Shear Strength of Soi and Rox
(Ate at pace
sample BS
hn the oem ests cay of
Ustad 2)
othe espe Ua
pan or several nde 0
vines o hep ings in ede, 134 stresPaths During Undine Loading—Normaly a Lighty Overconsolidsed Gays 631
‘ube The ja the appropriate
‘ohne ay sob el ono ha
ev tey= (ejay) He) (1820
ate te nz
eens of ~ of) = (oy ~ 0}.
‘ow jut ctu te valieot (os — 3)
and ava straeomseent stray sn
{he table (be Ee 3) by ang the aon
‘eto Nt tt oy Ba 129
“Toul and ffive sss paths ae
shown i ip 1358 Te are ties ae
"rom (107)
W241, tend 266"
une 1238 fea Mt, soy = 5
Note that the prob could be solved graphical by pling the TSP then sealing th
{be peesonoiton pres The ratio (nani etme 4 and thn ve 13.7 Giical state Sl Mechanics 66
agi ora SI emt
Sas Slee chant
fs Stuaeient a 662 Chapter 12. Advanced Topein Shear tength of Sls and Rocks
Tia 92 Gocco aac nig HM (Das Rarer ea 1
Depew) wt) Poh) ac) _ Reon
re
° ata)
Become Ply tts! Soa em bmi
Sameera ass amo Seas Mamma Cm)
Drammen Nery SP Sh etiam 97
renee Et
Nowe eyo ip Metronet 19)
pavers wo Set
Sm Fatnd oh SRB tact,
Pan nd Sm Ratonmat Lajas 96)
Fs tone Pn ee ee ee
‘a nd ere re
toa Ome YB eB eisai own
salu fou 06 Te ati io nda sone intent The potion te i ce aoe
The wn thangs with a th son land hth strat fhe Te te he
trp ofthe yy ste sei terme ey sete AO te eight
{ES -tmpatone the tine tees wih ening ese tbe: Yul al» sia
ne Mal are esos fr OC ei both dnd and undid ser Ge,
‘Hes rand 123) An evens cumpl of stone le renin reac fe
‘Sh Thee en the she the seesiin carve drama x showin Fe 9a a oe
{tretunge neq domaine shapes the yd uve hwmby Tne an ern (19),
+09
au 1239, eeaincares on detataly conse CU eon itt
‘Suceetwaasa ea ree ond eon 85, 138 Modulus anal Cnstutie Model torsos 662
te However amber of ethos b Bator hve app non year ta
prove adn information a pistons of ria st sal sans o paar poe
[En Recommend re kins an arty (19), lo (17) Mu Wd), Ane,
wre (200 nso (207) and Buh 207)
128 MODULUS AND CONSTITUTIVE MODELS FOR SOL’S
‘Sever men Cape 8101 a 12 we enone ao and oes wee fet ipl sumed
{0 be st and tht hi crn wr getan fortes says (to ons te
omit tenet in hope anda ou oc of th ee tan deter a
‘somata (Chapter 11 12 Nes osenly mesons the ae ete!»
Preston moguls Yous otis You ay al rn your sun meng aera tat
{hemoduls hele athe stesstincre: Somtines he daa aerial te
‘ast Westowed ser alee pel ten saincrveria tig 14h esr ie
‘aig cmos ey. bal owe mds temp on ona?
We epi with dal dcssn os ods ts detinions nd how paar x
te Sil modal pro at re Kane cota ltr nl chan Co
‘lingo an oh a sms resi snp a eset ar ene may got
{al projcequ deermation predic aan cena sao i oat are an
{ato of afty Wallac wl onset stereo make labe pein of
‘Sfrmaans We enh con mh bel Sensi othe yest (Dasa han) nina
Sollee! Rosset commonly aed noel pace
13.81 Modulus of Soil
Although te nater of ay to eee the mods of materi lar bse he ato
‘tse nemo to stam herent (othe hope) eve aprile ane othe mesa ele
han tat maria re 3 se soe dette of moat ae
+ Tanpent modulus slop fhe ange othe stein cv a yp snip
srsbown nig Sa) he al ger nd (0
+ Sean mole fig ne daw om the origin ose promi es
‘Stach at 0% oft nonan rex chd mde sth lg af sap ine betwee
‘Sy two pints on eure Figure [3 Ns) shows ape of ong nd st
{cc tinged modal hen thee an anand cee the may etna
‘rawinga angen om th Toes bond ses on te he ed orn oto, By
sonnet the ed ot athe bse laps shown i Sa). Theyre op
‘dul sometime aed he nto mad
esd the king sno, ter fcr: that infnce mince (1) fr gamer
tera arte packing as measied yt dy dens. roid atin alr eave 1)
Ince the afense of oman), and (2) ores al water cnt pay es
It andcementaton (Bau) I's sometime ifcl opneraiz steels sich of
these ars is Fo example we dy deny lw someting ao he pking of
the pare eat based tht ohh ame dyna i eth ane ma
{wots my ave very diferent sctres obs (og Boccsted ves dapered= Chae)
ths hey wl ve ery ifleret a aes Another enamel water conte.
‘Whe ght wer conten tes oat hover models th sepon wold va fe
‘ome coped ssa wee gh water cnten aye a semen or ihc at chapter 13. Adkonced Topics in shea Strength of Solis and Rocks
Tepommetien Sf Rouge ptna
»
Set dod trol ed fe Biat, 0)
Note ao th au he mpl shown Fig 134.ane ter ie or nan. ep
sng dian einai the rahe ester, When spevng cx epoing mens
Ese wc iis orion to ea ste what aia conto py Tor example when
TESEUMICtncoryw este the inmate setlement (So 04) eran wares he
SERENNcSccment aes lc sore any consobustion can the appopte moh he
seymour granite appropriate moar stlement sabes sora
Miran mod
ewer af Modes You might hin hts presr mols ca be cast determined rom
MeNNiin cave tained ty sul or eter pea sheets Howeve a mentioned
Re etnng maura prinulr sist notesy ot mxpensie, Conse
Seba mot conmon dtc fo pal coneation wih is tet es
"Alo sobre sh many tscnrches have shows hat fhe Udine mols ie
szcch tat trons ny th dsturance dso redce thud dn Ey
fou tel ten to oerpad th edie cen he el. Bae oe cto bo
‘cfc une sin borate DApstons et a, 197; Sie 7), oni
stim et for importa pst rom tft earn he ds fh,
Se td aoa thay (Eke 0) Lande ave shown hase eve er) pera
‘eee arn sce Fe for campl large sat oui Norway, Ca
SoS tocr ett ener ana Hotz and Non] shove ry ileeemen
ceed a ay Hoe tt ob a he i on we ol
Seta pendent onthe elt hearse apie byte ace oad
Teen ees metined stove er technic and procedues have been devs
ped or cuiingthe modes
‘Sal Sint rtand (9) showed that ners lang ond the inex
Fes ye ounaton mal en be ey smal easements on use fans ve
mney tan 01% ad te es tin behav errkably ie m 138 Modulus and Cnstutive Model forSotk 665,
7 te tte am ere
i fo Seas
3 a / Necrena ta ns
aaa ‘Sytaratwr ara rain
sli 3) ‘neater aoe 1985.
recoverble (satis) with only ssl amount of yee Usfortnsey.meeremet of sail
‘Stans and eco so tiie in abr pine 8 imposieoconenia il tents
‘vi sre mesarements (i sto nae var diferent! Wamu LVDT9)
tat cm coe dena tee oh dm
‘pscimen and thos om etera dsplicee senso he sie Wit The ase to be
‘ese oly.agnntg thers cased extra ta senna nia
‘hdcretmaton ot nolan sol es,
Tool aria menurenent ecnique on al nd ot cine ets mde he we of
sininte LYDTnoncontt protnly rade Halo sco and es Bsr wi
Sai es (cole ea 995) Sang tal QS) tac tre dpe arses
tothe pean O'Kl and Nason 08 are neon proxi en that ee te
Postion often he specinen Halt mes that mene machete changes wee
‘Satty lyton and Khao (985) and Recah sd no rs os age
{alia eee for kcal san messes
Regus he cts nthe al ain seni vice as to be at eto the
ss spt nie th acl a sbered lial Svor and i aap pose major
‘heal changes However nh pia tcniac and precon eine etme pore
ts tant aloes meaner sae ise
Stn wisn apd flan 00% The tess woe ema nn dene develope! oy
Hinge tt har as exten igh eto sep sor and relied alow ope
Uschi lee wes onc potty armrest sme
‘acesonpcie deformation eater ave ke laces 194 (or exp Barc
ot Tis pons eon satin iby on el ml en
yo rect je em doen et ee Fan pe eh
‘tc hou the by teal chare stato, thee one ects he wing vet (66s Chapter 13. Advanced Top in Shear Strength of Sand Rocks
Shines ito an pat letra
Gam = 7 8)
were = the tte doty of the si
shh oe mnie.
We penton ft (Line et 137)
{sig dcp th a ime of sera
‘eras ate eect
tits of Modules Bised on Ober
At ewan and insta los me
Line siiy mead ete develped
snsne sb evi yan 1. Cohesive sie 1 ie comme
Serer hn enon crmicton a prem 072) the
‘Eyres om 3 40 500i te
sale for holy plate ts wile se igbest or of omer pas, D'Apons ea
(Gi enonedane yan heats eso hen Me
setae em ab won Sim 174) fond pushed els ang om 4D 0 high 6 300
sempre tere we hae ten rm he erate ae ple vrs i Fg 13.43
ac Spear soon sae noted There mache for P< San
ish sats for PIS I won resonable To singly we Hjrun’ eenpiendabon
Tey 5 scaly or poinary eit of Ey See ata Sec 1D yu me 208
[Eile oth unas mane Dapp et (7) and Hat (9)
eae Us) aa howe How Ey wae th OCR ba te eaosip ot single
ec tonal caer Fy opens ong om he eel fhe ess In pool
ESothcet decrees mh seine OCR fora en sts eel (134)
"Tan sad agne (95) ssommendal hypenkesesrain modl (See 138.9) fr
oie aCigwant arcing angen et er frcoesb ss Ty provided a
aoe atl aes cyerchown abe 12 normazot by maya: resre Ge
Stats these nen sy 18 pe 1018) 134 Modulus nd Constitutive Model or Sols 667
5
ple hues Sacha car ad ane
une 223 Tera Keven pltictyindn os laa et nak ct
"ape by orl sae
SLES “yp Rago Ua asa ray
1 ea (97) shaw, les fo det sie shea ets ov hes ih eying
sesiny dae (PH) a ret shar aes levee (ry) rave to tng eat suey 9
{fe 34a. and eae orecosdton ato (OCR) ws pre a Fe 140) a (0) Dues ad
Soci (1975) age he po sbown nF 060i Ejr-PLanlOCR in oped ps
2 Gran materia: Sine uae onions x only fr ery sat pein ra
eyo th ied modula (Es appropriate Table show: he latipes dest
‘Sienton anrange of Fy ata normed by ime peste
‘Asotin Sc 18nd 12.1.4 insite ae probes for sndy depots bough they
poi oly an et ean man Pry tt oman met detent
[Bint flare SPT and CT aughaconcsed by Klan aod May (10), oeltioes
‘meen the wnust Na sta -conerlecter™ i chapter 13 Adtancd Tpics in shear Suength of Sol and Rods
SEcee
Stearn rata
°
CURE 1245 Raetonip amangnemaized meds sr an OC om et seg sear te.
(Gomis eta 77 fpr aplenea es eter ots ars Me ress
Sonat Wawean mth ein Oka” 3 nu Pater kana aa, 0)
as 9 “yp Rg rt a Sa
CURE 1246 Generated aor won De sowie
ermal mods (jn Pana Oar
‘anc anchor 1970 ae ay a
4382 Constitutive Relations
[Althoup th proces st ly meson underradete mechani ous allyl prob
{Snes continu chan ae soed by string hhc by fest ry)
{svat nce stra acting on they which re connected he gens fer
Nit we come he dplcerent nd suns othe Body. They are connected by goostric O 138 Modulus and Constitutive Modes or Soi 669
consti relsioosip tat ise tht he By emi continu Ao hi ld or
‘atria ther lator plat nung al long = hy bee ar continu S69)
fm etetve sess we mentoned tht even ho he are pre medi oe led sos
‘Sosy ar ofen umes coin and hea rested a ey
Tnoner to pred sa (an thie fron) fom the ap sees and fo), we
‘sone ot of omen suo twee hm tat repens the mean Bea
‘pening tb conten hme trem a rain ae led coe ration
“ow do we determine the Cate reltons or el mater? Ax you cm ge the real
tehuvors vey complet an ts almos impose to cos all aor hat might ince
‘pends om tht gn te over sich hey et temperate of the bd res ad sein
tisonand maybe even the mute espons to diferent lc leo tema ein.
‘mem Attempt to deermine ie sonstiutnerlonshipe or material ed othe sate
‘Mecano ckneatry patie the micromschnie the contac cmponents have
fot ye been tes
“Swe ae with terminiog thee ration cxperinentay and then Seve oping mp a
esse mthemstil mode chile at cas ea to sole tapering pa.
{Sith pe of onstuve mol cles phonomenoloealmel Poeomsolpe des
‘oun the hentia ond empiesl Tey ae the mow common ype even ough
‘hey mnt be abated aad ty crve-fting epee observed ehh Crate
molting tr tothe mathematical expo he sued or clit sess atop
1283 Soll Constitutive Modeling
“The complexity of, tel beavor ean ht we ms te aprons isan in
{nr tote the material exrssns for some reine We menaned sever]
{lcs in Chapters 410 cand a tht ea an ck acm singly sumed oer las
SS hun yy re eter ear oy casts ce eal ara
‘anal medele
"Arte by Mur Wood (208, the key to sues constitune modeling tient te
ingot characters seve os parte ppt I te mel oo imple wl
‘nthe nortan behavior sarc, bt ou soysex th many prt hen
‘ules tor manyabrstoy orn sitters dt thse tral praetrs Ret ll we
{als cmt mode cn or slain fe stra and deletion ae enpoe exep
{or very simple ding dl ary cnn Terre forthe vast majo eect
Poem eet is che hoe oi eae pot
“Ter sttesilmecanc (CSSM) meer presented ia Se. 13.7 was er porta
evlpmcnt in sa madsing sinew nr elma een ora) ee ess
(Guan cfine moro ses) for un of dg pat log rae eying)
Shirai (stunt) coniiom Ween ce CSSM(s es 0 camo Sonera Foot wih the
nope bt atl Pescch dns ese nS 2 1 1) so 1 10-CSSML
Inne some 3 year ons al dveopea or soa nding the Ca a del ant
volgen mexfied Cac eh the bl shaped el sac af Cama tepael Dy
‘elie! yl srs Resbe tn Bulan 198), wih moved a meting eyo relay
‘Spl re eter apd cary laste sts eto Homer. sce CSSM mes are 670 chapter 12. Aduancd Tope in hea Stength of So and Rocks
‘Showed wither i dt at ten of e187
Sc th eat) 7 il oie dl have bos developed a ave Bacon aes
‘ingyen piste aoe Along withthe onsen eames ea ale
Cimpeing pone icy aes cresingy suport nner aaips one see goth
‘ical ptions oshape the meet norton Sevespment in some fhe newer moc thet aby
{Daeg mor sue tantns om cae pla ober, well es Le re
{penny components ft teva Some models nla comer sai bet chara
{Shuts sth ss nso ang sen, sh ata lowe hae ins Deber
Ince in hove nant teting evs anf mae copes ett Hore, cose
‘ore cone chavrlchwrs eles moe mater proper ob dss y bo
{tr rst stan se et cot: Tain pracze nen moce ava so veg
‘Celgene pram amc comamely perormed sing wk Fg mater
In poyeics etromed om contin with cation a at tet Jt ae ha rom
‘nce sampling snd abort es.
or frie nfontn on comsitetve modeling ce Felt and Bare (176 fra simple
inuodston tinea iy ander vc elsy mode wile Ml od (OD) presents
tinction to esate endsing with enipton of esi elsiprey at, an
{Hattesndeing patty mol that nls extended Mb-Cobonb wd Caney See Ant
{Gm or dc sh Cm clay and med Cam a ao roves rie tw anaes
ie sorcoming hese pope st model
Otic aa eset Fag) Yongand Ko (980), Chen and Seb (1982), Chen
anda (1) Chen C980)
“us ston wl cape he lero ale ria for aioe of which you sendy
sr ami with ie Mae Confront leet aero maw Sesh
{ave mer oho tiara hm ened se CS9M aed on the ene
1284 failure teria fr Soils
‘common reqienent fo al il mdse he eee of ale ction Sch eterna
{cry ce to net vo parameter pes peng onthe number purameters sed in
‘Sr atin tre ing a oan eh naar an
The major crete and minor alts on he wl (and, eect) Fae
‘tear en form gen wate ie Jvr shar ses soleementness 002
St dtp ae fr tat cent tune fae ete for clei the
HMute-Confom (Sec and Ise),ca be fined in tar oh heal mal res
rere ormeantiydrtenee)
vet) 16)
dh cha srs an average oe psi shea seses.on the element)
ran = {le — 9 (oy on? + Con oF os)
[Asie 247 shoe tos state, 99) fr scien wh ony penal stress ating
iit oye stat ng reece is
{hes stems mesial epecsetaton nih postion vector OP th a hyarota>
limpncnt Vy and devon componea onal the hyo ik n= V3
{ntaron an Chen 0. 12.8 Modulus and Constitutive Mode for Sei 674
‘The oe pmo tare era
3B se enn fit rs
Sat The cp
vege = lindr You know tha sa
oS ong dee
Cray et rt at ey
(Gaue ant Dencan, 1973), wh a es
{Se 0) Beene song defn
ny sae depentens ony (MSCaro8
fd che, iwc for dept
Sin eor at Speen
eg
Tro-paametr fae stein ae
more common fora Beer repeat
‘lair aren a gokoge mati
Moti-Coul eteron, We bave shown
‘Wows penn Pig od vic shows tat
Incensng inde see The. pect
‘esbes ae ioc at origi the
‘neo cease tet) a some
font along he yaaa where
fore gro) 8) abe The
‘tended oe Mise criterion arate coc spins ths rena oe yo
Stata pen ysl tro Fig. or the representation nl Fp 13 46) fr te
Drcpesenston. oar shape tained
"Xm, pram ron sed goog mtr the Lad wo paneer
“rer (Lad 17) Th ws anata extension athe Lae- Dancin oe pratt ete
‘onus prima for snd bat deed crate othe ale sae oat ses
Inc accounting er he nears betwen al al sess a hess
‘Sacer are itso the Matuok- Naa cern (Matsuoka Natl 197) Tani
pert patient tah ed race he se sth fae arte corespond
{othe Medr-Couk mal for asymetie sess apd a ° poe is ast fas,
‘wich ie advanagpus rom opal poi oe:
‘rose npn ese er Maro
Sree sa,
ur 672 chapter 12 Advanced Topics in Shear Strength of 0 and Rods
Speeders — BB |
oui aioe
o °
oun 2.49 (9 Thwe-dmesons! reenter Paper alee (hen nd Set, 1984
(htm derson! pct a reer og xp motel caro and Cher 0
1385 Clases of Constitutive Models for Soils
“Tere ae thee general ss of cote model rip model new nk bounding
Beith chan abendy sca clan pel fr soe See I3R2 wher we dsb he
‘eieiptoteinatome amin the mood Camcly mgs As ney MECaron ad
Reais tasers conto ned abr eterno Coot ees he
‘st Gere te el bsomes petty plate er set Frans conta ih ational sear
Since ps 1) on ad ie rac tls he a
"dnp espe te ep me ean rh ae dimensions (Ks which he com
sett ses site plastic yd ste ote i he orm fo nein pression
Saf, ge 3 Ga 1 nk 3 ext i ig
Richy ch tcp spun sly omptant ad you sre led Ae 200) for farther
‘stermattn on uc ow race
eine 59 ste mae
‘king one rene a)
‘Srmlanionater Necaron
‘Senn 138 Modulus and Conthute Model forSol 672
‘he scond mjc of onsite mol for sai he nested al (Mr. wa
1967, Pevn 07 Lacy toot Peet a ope, 18), wth tn vey el a
‘Sina ron gtr n once eons espe og 1307. iy ct ah
‘hianespandonact nie nd esate Whitey mere inns se apeouh to
Inelng nee comics pe of eal bao wder eonnonotoi odings McCaren tad
{Coen on sng ota lange ume of np parce ep btaee
‘Bechet are defined by src ht epic eprte tic nd paste behav bah
‘spandacsed mode bavean shen and portent dmovantape he modeling fel ale
The Ase salon Soe 1 estes range over hh i and ek toe prey laste
Ine ertrercy sl nd plc rans bp tener ery owsteatiees Te hd
Ij es of saute mel ae the boning surface mals (ee, Dali bd Pop. 195,
Dalal an Herrin 982, Kalki and Dall 1990) hat so ls sist oer ie 8
ey sleet the banding saith he sett ete deme ye
uy fc roth aa Mona 98) Than ae
tte nested molto mnt le sue spe and eons. This ei ods has been
‘Specily weal fr cee ls unr ec kag eg, White, 1) dha bes extended 0
‘Sein moscing cess shu wel fe, Bard oe; Pestana, 198) ind mgt of tee
ted thirsty onsrporate vcs (rate dependent) feds tne on he rial wk
[proaye (193) and iter plementation and vert by Kaka a Dats [9].
Seana snd Kain (16) poe umber fiona papers he opi sf meting ae
Sepenen soba.
nr fr eontiuive mos o acutely predic str and dorms hey mt be
spe The mati open hal be cred ah ay a
ending and union taney fa atop Nel imation epeatn and apa
ies shul be wel unread Experence hr chows ht crt predic pas at wel
13.86 The Hyperbolic (Ouncen-Chang) Model
\Wementond in Se. 1542 hat mst geotechnical robles iva cotiemodetingequire
teal mals he ae lame meth 0 obtains slaon One oe mot cammen
‘oi ml ef fie cleent anaes in pri sine ieremental ponte es
‘tan mods pop Known ote Duncan Chany hype mode (Duncan Chan, 190)
‘Stone tatu os hypeblinto a sragineshow in, 13
‘onde (0) engae ht the shape herein crs for man coal be
ngvonnut ys pest The cst fora yprtla y= I anda ero
IM aight ine y pti," verae eA chown i (3) he eqn or a aproaie
‘hoped res stan crete
(ion)
(nay om
lr 13_ Advance Tpit in hea Strangt of Sot and Rocks
ees
« »
FGURE 1351 typaroc representation ot testinal
{al wutormed anon 0.
gation (1325) he anor no stag ne:
wre
(326)
wale
‘shown in ig: 13 S10). op he ines Mo ~ oad he teres UE Asean
ite 1n81-dterinng thee anes ml ae probleme for epecaly now inca
{re telaopsipe Sathana can proves goes fF
Tor nny so acne an modes tcrene wih eesing oni Pests Ts
pome ean rE 821) seaport orb he ba coms ya
‘Hen ma Forte
asa
ete = th uno mods mbes. enn constant Teer varies were
(ined Eg (820. For the alkene he eins
(3.29
where Ky ~ tlk nods nated
‘= dincsionis uk ss mpoen0-< m= 1
‘When the Motr-Caom ale eso ine inthe hpi mod te mathemati
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