Improvements can be implemented in Java programming
Gerald O. Manalac | Justine G. Soriano | Diane Louise M. Dela Cruz
Alvin P. Canlas | Aaron Daniel L. Ocampo | Haven Hope R. Angel
Michael John M. David | John Patrick M. Canlas
Abstract
In this paper, we elaborated the recent updates on Java
programming language. Also tackled about the common
criticisms received by Java programming. And lastly,
showed the latest improvements to be implemented in the
next update of Java language in the succeeding year.
Concepts
Java programming – Improvements - Innovations
Keywords
Verbosity, Legacy, Expressions, Long-winded
1.Introduction
Java, a very enticing word. It is maybe the coffee but it is
not. In this paper, the researchers talked about the Java
programming language. According to Rouse, Java is a
widely used programming language expressly designed for
use in the distributed environment of the internet. It is the
most popular programming language for
Android smartphone applications and is also among the
most favored for the development of edge devices and
the internet of things. First developed by Sun Microsystems
in 1995. Java became the most used object-oriented
programming language. Some of the important concepts of
Java are: Java virtual machine (JVM), which serves as the
foundation for platform independence. Automated storage
management techniques, Language syntax etc. The result of
all of this is Java an efficient language for application
programming and is an object-oriented language.
The performance of java improved throughout the years
since it was developed. Lot of things that enhanced the
productivity and the capability to execute different types of
programs. Platform Independence is one of the main
reasons why until this day Java is still the most used
programming language (Yuk,2017). Java also offers several
features that makes it different from other programming
languages. However, the java language is still lacking in
some aspects, as the technology in the world evolves, the
more it is needed for the java language to improve. There
are still lot of criticisms in Java such as its speed, its code,
its ongoing updates etc. The researchers will elaborate
more on the possible improvements that can be
implemented in Java program itself but also in Java
performance.
1.1 Criticisms
According to Smith, here are the insights he gathered by
asking the question “What are the most common problems
with the java ecosystem today?” to 14 executives of
different companies:
Verbosity or wordiness of Java, it has many libraries,
although JDK is complete there are still lot of
dependencies. Java tends to be long-winded or lengthy,
because the user needs to type long characters in order to
achieve something. Compare to other languages even
though worse, other users are still choosing it because it
requires them less time to type shorter codes. Critics point
out that this is essentially redundant, that other languages
do not need this duplication of type information, and that
many support features remove it. Java is broadly utilized in
big business conditions, which frequently have separate dev
and operations groups. The additional verbosity can
frequently be a gift when reacting to an outrage call, or
when expecting to keep up and fix code that was composed
by developers who have since a long time ago proceeded
onward (Flanagan & Evans, 2009).
According to Flanagan and Evans, The Java platform is still
in some cases scrutinized as being moderate—yet of the
considerable number of reactions that are leveled at the
platform. Analysis shows that the past memory of java
being slow, still affects its todays performance. A portion
of the bigger and all the structures that Java has been
utilized inside may affect to this impression. The center of
the stage—language and JVM—is and stays one of the
quickest broads utilize conditions accessible to the
developer.
Java is a stage that is widely utilized by corporate and
venture developers. The recognition that it is too corporate
is in this way an obvious one—Java has regularly been seen
as coming up short on the "free-wheeling" style of dialects
that are considered to be greater network situated. In truth,
Java has consistently been, and stays, a broadly utilized
language for network and free or open source programming
advancement. It is one of the most famous dialects for
ventures facilitated on GitHub and other task facilitating
destinations (Flanagan & Evans, 2009).
Java’s every 6-month update release. The increase in
improvements means that developers need to be aware with
updated versions of Java. Each time users attempt to
discover some new information, the users are putting down
 a bet with their mindshare on whether it will be important
in the next years (Smith, 2018).
1.2 Java 13 Improvements
According to Krill, the latest update of Java last September
2019, Highlights include Z Garbage Collector
enhancements, application class-data sharing, and previews
of switch expressions and text blocks.
The following Java Enhancement Proposals have made it
into JDK 13:
 JEP 351: ZGC: Uncommit Unused Memory
ZGC (Z Garbage Collector) to return the unused memory to
the operating system. ZGC, which is an adaptable, low-
dormancy collector, it doesn't return unused memory back
to the OS regardless of whether the memory has not been
utilized in quite a while. This behavior is not the ideal for
some applications, especially those where memory
footprint is a concern, for example, compartments or
situations where an application may be inactive for quite a
while and is sharing or seeking resources with different
applications.
 JEP 353: Reimplement the Legacy Socket API
A reapplication of the legacy socket API, which substitutes
the current application used by
the net.Socket and java.net.ServerSocket
APIs with a mild, modernized implementation that is easy
to find the errors and easy to manage. The new execution is
expected to be anything and not difficult to adjust to work
fibers or user-mode threads. The previous mentioned
legacy APIs going back to JDK 1.0 and composes a mix of
legacy C and Java code is said that it is difficult to debug
manage. Together with other issues: causing reliability and
porting issues, and concurrency issues and native data
structure.
 JEP 354: Switch Expressions (Preview)
A second see of expressions. There had been one in JDK
12, however a change is scheduled to be made: to yield an
incentive from a switch expression, the break with worth
explanation is to be dropped for a yield proclamation. The
purpose is to expand switch so it tends to be utilized as
either an announcement or an expression so the two
structures can either use traditional case ... : labels
with fall through or new case … -> labels without fall
through, with a further new explanation for yielding an
incentive from a switch expression. These progressions will
cut down coding and assemble for pattern coordinating.
 JEP 350: Dynamic CDS Archives
Expanding application class-information sharing
(AppCDS) to empower dynamic archiving of classes at the
end of program execution. Archived classes would
incorporate all stacked application and library classes not
present in the default, base-layer CDS file. This
proposition, which is in the focused-on stage, is planned to
improve the ease of use of AppCDS and dispose of the
requirement for clients to do preliminary rushes to make a
class list for every application.
 JEP 355: Text Blocks (Preview)
The addition of text blocks in a preview phase. A text block
is a multi-line string literal that avoids the need for most
escape sequences. A text block automatically formats the
string in a predictable manner and gives developers control
over the format. The project stated number of goals in the
addition of text blocks to Java. One example of the goal is
to rearrange the composition of Java programs by making it
simple to express strings spreading over a few lines of
source code while staying away from break successions in
like common cases. A second is improving the clarity of
strings in projects that signify code written in non-Java
dialects. Third goal is supporting movement from string
literals by stipulating that any new development can
express the same arrangement of strings from a string
literal, decipher a similar departure succession, and be
controlled like a string literal. Raw string literals is a
feature proposed for JDK 13 but dropped in favor of text
blocks, adopted an alternate strategy to the issue of
denoting strings without getting away newlines and cites.
Raw string literals had been anticipated for JDK 13
however it is never authoritatively added to its proposed
highlights list.
The progressions stated so far were explained in the JEPs
(Java Enhancement Proposals). There are further
adjustments precisely in the class library. Additionally,
three new case strategies have been added to the String
class as a major aspect of JEP 355 (Text Block): organized,
stripIndent and translateEscapes.
1.3 Java 14 Improvements
Switch expressions and NVM-supporting file mapping byte
buffers are slated for the next version of standard Java due
in 2020
Switch expressions improve coding by broadening switch
with the goal that it is very well may be utilized as either a
statement or an expression. Switch Expressions are
required to be a perpetual component in JDK 14, in the
wake of being reviewed in both JDK 12 and JDK 13.
Switch expressions likewise get ready for the utilization of
example coordinating in switch, which enables developers
to extricate parts from objects more compactly and
securely.
Non-Volatile Memory (NVM) gives programmers the
ability to create and update program state over program
keeps running without bringing about the huge duplicate or
interpretation costs that input and output activities usually
require. This is especially significant for value-based
projects. Along these lines the main objective of this JDK
Enhancement Proposal is to guarantee that users can access
and refresh NVM from a Java program rationally and
proficiently.
Second objective is to execute this submit behavior using a
confined, JDK-inward API characterized in class Unsafe,
so it very well may be re-utilized by classes other than
MappedByteBuffer that may need to focus on NVM.
Another goal is to allow buffers mapped over NVM to be
tracked by existing APIs for monitoring and management.
Target OS/CPU platforms include Linux/x64 and
Linux/AArch64.
1.4 Java performance
According to Schultz(2019), the reasons for a failing to
meet expectations application are tremendous, however the
primary driver are a little bunch of issues. Normally, the
initial two causes are terrible structure and below average
coding. Despite the fact that IDE's and code editors feature
test and articles to make them increasingly intelligible,
there is a correspondence hole among PCs and users. Here
is the high-level overview regarding how to improve the
performance of Java applications, as follows:
Perform profiling and load testing – profiling your Java
application will help to discover agony points and barriers.
Clean up code and revise algorithms – clean code is easier
to manage, edit, read, and clarify; reconsidering your
calculations diminishes redundant capacity calls.
Avoid recursion when possible – recursion is a fundamental
sharpness at times, however it ought to be utilized
sparingly.
Upgrade system hardware – poor application execution
may not be established in poor code and calculations;
rather, the basic reason might be identified with the system
running the application.
Increase LAN and WAN bandwidth – not all capacity
interfaces with nearby equipment; if your application deals
with remote system, your network foundation might be to
be faulted.
Tidy up your operating system – chaotic working system
need upkeep to run applications to the best of their
capability
Employ StringBuilder for improved efficiency – strings are
mostly used in almost all applications, but the “+=”
operation is highly ineffective.
Exploit caching for improved performance – storing or
caching is perhaps the most ideal approaches to diminish
repetitive article launch and capacity calls.
Favor the stack over the heap – the stack is progressively
effective with respect to system assets since it keeps up
itself and opens up the memory which outdated items
involve.
Acknowledgement
Thanks to Sir Ronnel De Los Santos for accompanying us
through our journey in learning Java programming, and to
our groupmates for unending support towards each other
for this project.
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