WA

STE
GRADE 11 - OXYGEN

TANAGRAS, JERILLE
LOZARES, JASMINE
TIGCAL, ALYSSA
DEL ROSARIO, FRANCHESCKA
VALENZUELA, HANJIN
PUGNE, LUKE
SALORSANO, TERRENCE
BALALA, DAVE
ADVINCULA, ANJELIKA
SALORIA, ARBIE (DID NOT PASS
REFLECTION)
CONT
06 WAYS OF
REDUCING
THE WASTE
ENTS PRODUCTION
At Home, in School, and Around
the Community

09 EFFECTS OF
03 KINDS AND WASTE
CLASSIFICATI to Human Health, Aquatic Areas
ON OF WASTE and on the Environment

Solid and Liquid Wastes

Biodegradable, Non-
REFLECTION
biodegradable, Hazardous, Non- Reflection of Group 1 after doing
hazardous this Activity

04 WASTE
22 REFERENCE
GENERATION
Industrial, Municipal Solid,
Fishery, Agricultural, Bio-
medical, Radioactive, E-Wastes
 KINDS OF WASTE
SOLID WASTES: Wastes in solid forms, domestic,
commercial, and industrial wastes.
Examples: plastics, styrofoam, cans

LIQUID WASTES: Wastes in liquid form

Examples: domestic washings, chemicals, oils, waste
water from ponds, manufacturing industries and other
sources

CLASSIFICATION OF
WASTE
BIODEGRADABLE: Typically originating from plant or
animal sources, which may be degraded by other living
organisms and break down naturally

NON-BIODEGRADABLE: Kind of substance which

cannot be broken down by natural organisms and acts as
a source of pollution

HAZARDOUS: Waste that has substantial or potential

threats to public health or the environment

NON-HAZARDOUS: Any type of industrial waste which,

according to regulations, cannot be added to a dumpster
or sewage line

UNWANTED
OR UNUSABLE
MATERIALS.
ETSAW • 3 EGAP

Waste is any substance

which is discarded after
primary use, or is
worthless, defective and of
no use.

WASTE
GENERATION
FROM ASHIKA MEHROTA
The wastes generated from the
natural processes and
anthropogenic activities which
pollute the environment and make
the earth an unhealthy planet, is
termed as environmental wastes,
depending upon the physical
states of wastes, three types of
waste: solid wastes, liquid
wastes, and gaseous wastes.
Littering – dropping plastic on the
ground where it can be picked up
or swallowed by animals, or blow
into water sources.
Inadequate disposal of waste –
disposing of waste in the wrong
way, not sorting wastes properly.
INDUSTRIAL
WASTES
ETSAW • 4 EGAP
Liquid and solid wastes that are
generated by manufacturing &
processing units of various
industries like chemical, petroleum,
coal, metal gas, sanitary & paper
etc.
MUNICIPAL SOLID
WASTES
Solid waste that include household garbage, rubbish,
construction & demolition debris, sanitation residues,
packaging materials, trade refuges etc. are managed by
any municipality.

FISHERY WASTES
Wastes generated due to fishery activities. These are
extensively found in coastal & estuarine areas.

AGRICULTURAL WASTES
Wastes generated from farming activities. These
substances are mostly biodegradable.

BIO-MEDICAL WASTES
Solid or liquid wastes including containers, intermediate
or end products generated during diagnosis, treatment &
research activities of medical sciences.

RADIOACTIVE WASTES
Wastes containing radioactive materials. Usually these
are byproducts of nuclear processes. Sometimes
industries that are not directly involved in nuclear
activities, may also produce some radioactive wastes,
e.g. radio-isotopes, chemical sludge etc.

E-WASTES
Wastes generated from any modern establishments.
They may be described as discarded electrical or
electronic devices. Some electronic scrap components,
such as CRTs, may contain contaminants such as Pb,
ETSAW • 5 EGAP

Cd, Be or brominated flame retardants,

WAYS OF AT HOME
IN SCHOOL
REDUCING THE IN THE
WASTE COMMUNITY

PRODUCTION
AT HOME, IN SCHOOL, IN THE COMMUNITY

REDUCE RECYCLE
It's important to c o n s e r v e S e r i es of steps t h a t t a k e s a u se d
s p a c e and reso u r c e s . m a t e rial and pro c e s s e s ,
re m anufactures , a n d s e l l s i t a s a n e w
p r o d uct. It is imp o r t a n t b e c a u s e i t
re d u ces the ne e d f o r r a w m a t e r i a l s s o
REUSE th a t the rainfor e s t s c a n b e p r es e r v e d .
ETSAW • 6 EGAP

It c r eates less a i r a n d w a t e r
p o l l ution than m a k i n g a n e w
item .
COMPOSTING
An aerobic method of decomposing
organic solid wastes. It can
therefore be used to recycle organic
material. The process involves
decomposition of organic material
into a humus-like material, known
VERMICOMPOSTING
Vermicomposting-the use of
earthworms to convert organic
waste into fertilizer.
ETSAW • 7 EGAP

as compost, which is a good

fertilizer for plants
INCINERATION BIOMETHANATION
It is the destruction of waste The process to convert waste into
material by burning. biogas with the help of anaerobic
microorganism like bacteria.

PYROLYSIS
ETSAW • 8 EGAP

The decomposition brought about

by high temperatures.
EFFECTS OF WASTE
TO HUMAN HEALTH

Chemical poisoning through chemical inhalation

Uncollected waste can obstruct the storm water
runoff resulting in flood
Low birth weight
Cancer
Congenital malformations
Neurological disease
Nausea and vomiting
Increase in hospitalization of diabetic residents living
near hazard waste sites.
Mercury toxicity from eating fish with high levels of
mercury.

ETSAW • 9 EGAP
EFFECTS OF WASTE
TO AQUATIC AREAS

Increase in mercury level in fish due to disposal of

mercury in the rivers.
Plastic found in oceans is ingested by birds.
Resulted in high algal population in rivers and sea.
Degrades water and soil quality.

ETSAW • 01 EGAP
EFFECTS OF WASTE
TO THE ENVIRONMENT

Waste breaks down in landfills to form methane, a

potent greenhouse gas.
Change in climate and destruction of ozone layer
due to waste biodegradable.
Incinerating waste also causes problems, because
plastics tend to produce toxic substances, such as
dioxins, when they are burn.
Gases from incineration may cause air pollution and
contribute to acid rain, while the ash from
incinerators may contain heavy metals and other
toxins.

ETSAW • 11 EGAP
REFLECTION
WRITTEN BY JERILLE TANAGRAS

After doing the notebook assignment with

the topic assigned to us – waste, I realized
many things. Wastes really had a huge
impact to us humans, the animals, and
also on the environment. It is affecting the
whole Earth, or more specifically, it is
ruining our dear planet Earth. Since then, I
already know about it but I didn’t expect
that it is this worst. But I searched about
the different ways of reducing the
production of waste. We all know about
the 3Rs – Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle. It
can help us in producing less wastes. As a
student, daughter and a human, I will
lessen the production of waste at home, in
school, and in the community.

ETSAW • 21 EGAP
REFLECTION
WRITTEN BY JASMINE LOZARES

Since then, I already know what waste is and how

wastes were produced but because of this lesson, I
realize that what I knew before about waste was not
enough. I learned that there’s so many ways how wastes
produce. I realized that we made waste everyday and we
didn’t mind it such as littering, improper waste disposal
and segregation. I’m also amazed when I heard that
China creates over 59.8 Million tons of garbage per year.
I learned that wastes were produced by municipal,
industrial, fishery, agricultural, bio-medical, radioactive
activities. Before, all I know method about reducing
waste was the 3R’s of Waste Management which is the
Re-use, Re-duce, and Re-cycle plus the composting, I’m
not aware that there’s also some method such as
vermicomposting that use worms, pyrolysis, and bio-
methanation. I also learn how wastes affects our health,
aquatic areas, and environment. In general, I learned
that we must be considerate in the things such as
wastes because even though how big the waste is, it still
carries bacteria that can affect us and our surrounding
so for me, the best way to manage waste is to not
produce it.

ETSAW • 31 EGAP
REFLECTION
WRITTEN BY ALYSSA MARIE TIGCAL

I discovered and learned many things about waste.

It is an unusable material that is worthless. There
are different kinds of waste which is solid and
liquid waste. The examples of solid wastes are
papers, cans, and plastics while thr examples of
liquid wastes are oils, chemicals, and waste water.
Aside fron different kinds of waste, there are also
different classification of waste which is
biodegradable, non-biodegradable, hazardous and
non-hazardous. Biodegradable waste came from
plant and animal sources while non-hazardous are
substance that cannot be broken down by natural
organisms. Hazardous is a waste that can harm
our health while non-hazardous are waste that
cannot be added to our sewage line. There are
different ways on how people generate waste. For
example is littering. But there are also ways on
how to reduce the production of waste at home, in
school and in the community, just always
remember the 3R's of waste management which is
Re-use, Reduce, and Recycle.

ETSAW • 41 EGAP
REFLECTION
WRITTEN BY FRANCHESCKA DEL
ROSARIO

As a student, I've learned many things

about our topic- waste. Every people around
the world generates waste in different ways.
Due to the negligence of others, some
various common health diseases affect
people's health. Upon searching, I have
learned that we can reduce the production
of waste in the school, at home and in the
community. By the help of 3R's (Reduce,
Reuse and Recycle) we can lessen the
impacts of waste to our health or even to
the environment. After learning an important
lesson, I will value and use it so I can help
others and the environment.

ETSAW • 51 EGAP
REFLECTION
WRITTEN BY HANJIN VALENZUELA

I learned many things about waste. I also

learned that it is our biggest
problems nowadays. I learned that waste can
be classified into five types which is all
commonly found around the house. These
include liquid waste, solid rubbish,
organic waste, recyclable rubbish and
hazardous waste. There are many ways to
dispose waste. Some are beneficial and some
are not. Nowadays people are now finding it
hard to dispose waste. So people are now
making ways how to prevent it. One example is
Reduce, Reuse and Recycle. For now, this is
the best way to do. Save our Mother Earth.

ETSAW • 61 EGAP
REFLECTION
WRITTEN BY LUKE PUGNE

In the modern day, industrial revolution came to an

immeasurable slope where advancements are
always at the pace of improvement. The
technology and the over convenience one gets
from the said advantage also caused the people to
seek even more convenience from technology and
even from self possibilities or actions one finds to
be an easy way out. One such thing is throwing
garbage pretty much anywhere after it is
immediately finished, it doesn't hurt the
environment a lot but, in the grand scale of things,
these pollutions call for an even greater help. The
simplest things that is either positive or negative
could cause a greater positivity or negativity. So
while time speaks slowly, while nature is just dying
slowly, we still have the chance to change the
direction of where things are going, doing simple
things for a simple effect could cause a major
positive change.

ETSAW • 71 EGAP
REFLECTION
WRITTEN BY TERRENCE
SALORSANO

We can also reduce the generation of waste by

using the 3'rs of waste management
Reduce,Reuse and Recycle. Reducing our uses
of plastic can help the environment to not be
contaminated so that it cannot cause flooding.
Reusing items we have use can help lessen trash
in our community. And Recycling can help lessen
the production of the companies to produce more
plastic or any kind of material so that it helps us
use those wasted materials to be turn into
something much more than trash.

ETSAW • 81 EGAP
REFLECTION
WRITTEN BY DAVE BALALA

I learned many things about waste. It is an

unwanted or unusable material, either because it
is worthless or defective. Waste is any substance
discarded after primary use. There are two kinds
of waste—solid waste and liquid waste. They
have two classifications—biodegradable or non-
biodegradable and hazardous or
non-hazardous. People generate waste in many
different ways that causes pollution in land,
water and air, but they are also the solution to
these problem. We can reduce the production of
waste in our home, school and community by
practicing discipline in our daily lives. The most
popular and most common used term in waste
management is what we call 3R’s which stands
for Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle. There are other
ways of showing discipline through waste
management so we must practice them before it
affects our health and destroy our environment.

ETSAW • 91 EGAP
REFLECTION
WRITTEN BY ANJELIKA ADVINCULA

When I searched information about the topic assigned

to our group, I learned a lot of things. The first thing
that I learned was what is the meaning of waste and
how people are generating it. Based on our research,
people are generating waste every day. And it was
also written in our report that there different kinds and
classifications of waste. I learned that waste can
cause some health problems and affects marine lives.
And waste is one of the factors that cause climate
change. So as a student who already had a little
knowledge about waste, I must do something about it.
I learned that we should consider what will be the
effects of the things that we are using before throwing
it. I learned that I should think if something can be
reduced, reused, and recycled before throwing it
away. And I like what I've read we should use
recyclable and eco-friendly materials, by that the
amount of waste that we are generating every day can
be lessened as much as risk having health diseases.
And with those simple things that we'll do, it can help
save not only our lives but also the environment.

ETSAW • 02 EGAP
 REFERENCE
Anshika Mahratra (2017). Generation of waste. Retrieved September
28, 2019 from
https://www.slideshare.net/anshikamehrotra7/generation-of-waste-
71694726

ETSAW • 22 EGAP