Pacific School of Engineering ,Surat

PROCESS EQUIPMENT DESIGN- II

B.E. Semester – 7
DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
An
PRESENTATION
ON
“TYPES OF FLANGES”
Submitted by:
Sr.No Name Enrollment No.

1. Brijesh Jha 161120105017

2. Narayan Bhargav 161120105004

3. Sojitra Umang 161120105058

4. Navadiya Vivek 161120105035

5. Pandit Dhavalkumar 171124105001

GUIDED BY : DISHANK TAILOR

RACHNA SOLANKI
 1. Content:
 Types of flanges
 Welding neck flange
 Slip on flange
 Screwed flange
 Lap-joint flange
 Blind flange
 Advantage
 Disadvantage

1. Welding neck flange (welding neck flange):

In weld neck flange I/D of weld neck flange is equal to inside diameter of standard pipe. Welding
neck flange is having a long tapered hub between the flange ring and weld joint. By this tapered
construction discontinuity of stresses are reduced & it increase the strength of flange. Weld neck
flange is always fabricated by forging. it is the costliest among all type of flange, but it is the
strongest flange among all types. This type of flange is use in extreme service condition like high
pressure, high temperature, subzero temperature, wide fluctuation in pressure or temperature.
These flange are also recommended even at normal condition for the handling of costly, flammable
or explosive fluid, where leakage or failure of flange joint resulted in disaster. Standard pipe are
available up to 24 inch diameter. Hence, standard weld neck flange are also available up to 24 inch
nominal size. 24 inch nominal size of flange means it can be attached to 24 inch size standard pipe
and its dimensions are matching with the same.

Fig.1: Welding neck flange

2. Slip On Flange:
If we compare the dimension of standard slip on flange &welding neck flange for the same nominal
pipe size. O.D. of flange, minimum thickness of flange, O.D. of raised face and diameter of hub at
the base are identical but identical but length of hub & diameter of bore B are different, this type
of flange does not have long tapered hub but have a small & slightly tapered hub. Inside diameter
of slip on flange is approximately equal to O.D. of standard pipe or it is attached over the pipe or
in the outer surface of pipe hence it is length is not added to total length.
While in case of weld neck flange, it is added to total length. The slip on flange is widely used
because of its low initial cost. The strength of this type of flange as calculated from internal
pressure considerations is approximately. Two-third of the strength of weld neck flange. This type
of flange is used for moderate service means at the moderate pressure & temperature, where large
fluctuation in pressure or temperature is not expected. This type of standard flange is also available
up to 24 inch nominal size.

Fig.2: Slip on Flange

3. Lap Joint Flange:

Lap joint flange are usually used with lap joint stab. Combined cost of two parts is 30% greater
than the cost of welding neck flange of the same size & radius.
These flanges are having the same ability of withstanding pressure without leaking as slip on
flange. This is less than that of the welding neck flange. Also fatigue life of this type of flange is
10% of that of weld neck flange. Because of this reason, these flanges are not used where severe
bending stress exists. With this type of flange, alignment of the bolt holes can be done on the site
by doing lap joint welding on site. Dismantling of lap welding joint is easier. Hence, this type of
flange is used where dismantling of the equipment is frequently done for clearing or inspection
purpose.

Fig.3: Lap Joint Flange

4. Screwed Flanges:
Screwed flange is easily connected to also remove from threaded pipe, without welding. This type
of flange cannot be used in the equipment which is vibrated like agitated vessel. It cannot be used
also where temperature or pressure are frequently fluctuated during the operation. But this type of
flange can be used for constant high temperature or high pressure condition. It is used for high
alloy steel material, which can be easily welded.

Fig.4: Screwed Flanges

5. Blind Flanges:
Standard blind flange are available from ½ inch to 24 inch nominal pipe size. This type of flange
is used extensively in industries to close the pressure vessel openings. Which are either spare
nozzles or instrument like pressure gauge attached to that nozzle at under repair or pipe line or
equipment like pump attached to any nozzle are under maintenance or when pressure vessel is not
operated. These types of flange are also used to block off the ends of piping & valves. Blind flange
cannot absorb the stresses created by thermal expansion, but it can be use with the use of expansion
bellow. Blind flanges can absorb high bending stress.

Fig.5. Blind Flanges

 Advantages:
 Flange joint is easily detachable type, hence it facilitated maintenance and cleaning.

 Disadvantages :
 Flanged joint is costlier.
 Welding joint is more leak proof joint.