Sei sulla pagina 1di 30

Mathematics in the Modern World – UNIT 4

Data Management

Prepared by:
Asst. Prof. Xandro Alexi A. Nieto, M.Stat., M.Ed.(Math)
for the use of:
Mathematics & Physics Department
University of Santo Tomas
What is Statistics?

• a discipline concerned with the analysis of data and


decision making based upon data

• involves collecting, organizing, summarizing, and presenting


and presenting data

• a solid edifice of mathematical theorems proven through


unassailable laws of logic.
Why do we need to study Statistics?

• In medical sciences, to determine the efficacy of a drug.

“Medical
students may
not like statistics,
but as doctors
they will.”

Martin
Bland
Why do we need to study Statistics?

• In business and economics, Statistics is used in forecasting.

• Even for our daily lives, temperature forecasts use Statistics.


Why do we need to study Statistics?

• In psychology, Statistics is also used.


Why do we need to study Statistics?

• Even in sports, Statistics is also used.


Descriptive vs. Inferential Statistics

○ Descriptive statistics involves methods of organizing,


summarizing and presenting data
Descriptive vs. Inferential Statistics

○ Inferential statistics involves methods of using


information from a sample to draw conclusions about
the population
Population vs. Sample

○ Population refers to all the members of the subject of interest


• Result: PARAMETER

○ Sample refers to selected the members of the subject of interest


• Result: STATISTICS
Population vs. Sample

STATISTICS
i s a n e s t i m a t e o f t h e

PARAMETER .
Variables vs. Constants

VARIABLES are to measured.

while
CONSTANTS are fixed.
In the given scenarios, identify the following:

Population & Samples

Parameter & Statistics

Variables & Constants


Scenario 1

○ When all UST freshmen


students were asked, it was
found that, on the average,
they sleep for only 3.7 hours
per day during exam week.

○ But from a thirty (30)


randomly selected UST
freshmen students, it was
found to be 3.6 hours per
day.
Scenario 2

○ From 100 randomly selected


residents of Calabarzon, it was
found that 13% of them had Dengue
fever in 2016. But according to DOH
National Epidemiology Center
(NEC), 11.9% of Filipinos had
Dengue fever in 2016.
Scenario 3

○ 5% of Asian men suffers


from red-green color
blindness. From 250
randomly selected men
in the Philippines, it was
found that 3% suffers
from this type of color
blindness.
Parameter: 3.7 hours Parameter: 11.9% Parameter: 5%
Statistics: 3.6 hours Statistics: 13% Statistics: 3%

STATISTICS
i s a n e s t i m a t e o f t h e

PARAMETER .
Data Presentation

Textual
Results are presented in declarative form.

Source: Source:
Gómez, M. (2012). The Academic Use of Social Networks among University Ogunfowora, B., & Drapeau, M. (2008). Comparing counseling and clinical psychology
Students/El uso académico de las redes sociales en universitarios. Comunicar (English practitioners: Similarities and differences on theoretical orientations revisited.
edition), 19(38), 131-138. International Journal for the Advancement of Counselling, 30(2), 93-103.
Data Presentation

Tabular
Results are tables, composed of rows and columns.

Source:
Pierce, R., & Fox, J. (2012). Vodcasts and active-learning exercises in a “flipped
classroom” model of a renal pharmacotherapy module. American journal of
pharmaceutical education, 76(10), 196.
Source:
Branden, E., Wallgren, S., Högberg, H., & Koyi, H. (2014). Computer tomography-
guided core biopsies in a county hospital in Sweden: Complication rate and diagnostic
yield. Annals of thoracic medicine, 9(3), 149.
Data Presentation

Graphical
Results are presented in diagrams

Source: Source: Source:


Wei, J., Xiong, Z., Lee, J. B., Cheng, J., Duffney, L. J., Matas, E., & Jansen, A., & Horn, P. (2009, January). Are female and postgraduate http://churchillcoalition.weebly.com/tobacc
Yan, Z. (2016). Histone modification of Nedd4 ubiquitin ligase teaching assistants more effective? An investigation of how the o.html
controls the loss of AMPA receptors and cognitive impairment gender and experience of teaching assistants affect students'
induced by repeated stress. Journal of Neuroscience, 36(7), 2119- performance. In ASSA Meetings, San Francisco, USA (pp. 2-5).
2130.
Types of Graphs

Line Graphs
To observe gaps between categories
per unit of time
To observe trends

Source: https://www.rappler.com/business/1166-ph-economy-under-aquino-slows-down-to-3-7-in-2011
Types of Graphs

Pie Graphs

To describe parts of a whole

Source:
http://churchillcoalition.weebly.com/tobacco.html
Types of Graphs

Scatterplots

describes the relationship of


two quantitative variables
Types of Graphs

Statistical Maps

presents statistical information


with respect to geographical
location
Types of Graphs

Other graphs
Population Pyramid

Pictogram
Types of Graphs

Other graphs
violinplot

boxplot
Quantitative vs Qualitative variables

Quantitative
are in numerical form

Qualitative
are textual form
Levels of Measurement

Ratio
Quantitative
Interval
Qualitative Ordinal
Nominal
Levels of Measurement

Categorical variable with no order 28


Examples

29
Gender, Nationality, Eye color 29
END OF UNIT 4.1

Potrebbero piacerti anche