Andrés Bonifacio y de Castro (November 30, 1863 – May 10, 1897) was a Filipino revolutionary leader and the

president of
the Tagalog Republic. He is often called "The Father of the Philippine Revolution".[3][4] He was one of the founders and
later Supremo (Supreme Leader) of the Kataas-taasang, Kagalang-galangang Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan or more commonly
known as "Katipunan", a movement which sought the independence of the Philippines from Spanish colonial rule and started the
Philippine Revolution.[5][6] He was also one of the Filipino historical figures to be recommended as a national hero of the Philippines.[7]

News about the discovery of the Katipunan spread to Manila and nearby suburbs, and Andres Bonifacio immediately called for a
general meeting. Various wings of the Katipunan gathered at the house of Juan Ramos in Pugadlawin on August 23, 1896. Ramos was
the son of Melchora Aquino, also known as “Tandang Sora” and was later acknowledged as the Mother of the Katipunan."

Bonifacio asked his men whether they were willing to fight to the bitter end. Everyone shouted their approval, except for Teodoro Plata,
who though that it was too soon for a revolution. Heartened by his men’s response, Bonifacio then asked them to tear their cedulas
(residence certificates) to pieces, as a sign of their defiance and determination to rise against the Spaniards. The men immediately tore
up their cedulas, shouting, Mabuhay ang Pilipinas (long live the Philippines) -known as the Cry of Pugadlawin.

The Katipunan in Cavite

Cavite soon became the center of the Revolution, and the Katipuneros there divided themselves into the Magdalo and
Magdiwang factions. Baldomero Aguinaldo, brother of Emilio Aguinaldo, headed the Magdalo group, which was stationed in Kawit.
General Mariano Alvarez led the Magdiwang group, which was stationed in Noveleta.

The two groups fought in separate battles. Emilio Aguinaldo overran Kawit on August 31, 1896, while Alvarez attacked Noveleta. In
Bacoor, Aguinaldo tried to intercept Spanish reinforcements coming from Manila; but he was repulsed and forced to retreat to nearby
Imus. Here, on the morning of September 5, he defeated the Spanish troops under the command of General Aguirre. A hundred
Spaniards were killed and 60 weapons were confiscated. Aguinaldo was hailed as a hero. The adoring Caviteños referred to him as
“General Miong” and no longer “Kapitan Miong.”

General Aguinaldo’s numerous victories in the battlefield made him the acknowledged revolutionary leader in Cavite. He issued a
proclamation on October 31, 1896 enjoining the people to take courage and continue fighting for Philippine independence.

Owing to the defeat of the Spaniards in Cavite, Camilo de Polavieja replaced Ramon Blanco as governor general on December 13,
1896. Polavieja was more successful than his predecessor and slowly regained one-third of the province.

Andres Bonifacio's Execution

While Aguinaldo was recognized as leader by the Magdalo faction, Bonifacio was recognized as the leader of the Katipunan by the
Magdiwang faction. An assembly was held in Imus, Cavite on December 31, 1897 to settle the leadership issue but was not successful.
Then on March 22, another assembly was held at Tejeros (known as the Tejeros Convention) to elect officers of the revolutionary
government. Aguinaldo won as president while Bonifacio was relegated as the Director of the Interior. Bonifacio rejected the elections
and declared it void. Bonifacio later formed the Naic Military Agreement, essentially creating a government contending Aguinaldo's.
Soon after, Bonifacio was captured, stood trial, and was sentenced to death by a War Council of Aguinaldo's government. Aguinaldo
initially commuted the sentence to deportation but later reversed the commutation upon pressure from Pio Del Pilar and other officers.
On orders from General Mariano Noriel, Andres Bonifacio was executed at the foothills of Mt. Buntis by Major Lazaro Makapagal on
May 10, 1897.

The Revolution Continues

Bonifacio’s death did not deter the Filipinos from fighting for their freedom. The Spanish government, for its part, doubled its efforts in
trying to control Cavite, which was considered the seat of the Revolution. When Governor General Primo de Rivera replaced Camilo
Polavieja on April 27, 1897, he immediately marched to Naic, Cavite to persuade the Filipinos to surrender. The rebels, however, stood
their ground.

Aguinaldo realized that Cavite was no longer safe for his men. They moved to Batangas, where they temporarily set up camp in the
town of Talisay. However, Spanish soldiers were able to pursue them there. Thus, they retreated to Morong on June 10, 1897 and
proceeded to Biak-na-Bato in Bulacan
Ang Sedula ay isang uri ng dokumento ng identipikasyon o pagkakakilanlan, o pambuwis. Nang mabunyag ang lihim na kilusang
Kataas-taasang, Kagalang-galangang Katipunan na mga anak ng Bayan, kasabay ng Unang Sigaw sa Balintawak o Unang Sigaw ng
Pugad Lawin

“Kartílya ng Katipúnan” ang popular na tawag sa akda ni Emilio Jacinto na naglatag ng mga batas at prinsipyo ng Katipunan
at nagsilbing gabay para sa mga kasapi nitó. May katulad ding akda si Andres Bonifacio na pinamagatan namang “Katungkulang
Gagawin ng mga Z.Ll.B.” ngunit ipinasiya niyang ang isinulat ni Jacinto ang ikabit sa sinusumpaang kasulatan ng magiging kasapi
ng Katipunan. Ang orihinal na pamagat ng “Kartilya ng Katpunan” ay “Mga Aral ng Katipunan Ng Mga Anak ng Bayan” at hinahangaan
noon ar ngayon dahil sa matalinghaga ngunit eksaktong pormulasyon ng mga tuntunin sa buhay na dapat sundin ng isang Katipunero.
Ang unang pangungusap nitó: “Ang kabuhayang hindi ginugol sa isang malaki at banal na kadahilanan ay kahoy na walang lilim kundi
man damong makamandag” ay tila isang kredo hinggil sa paglilingkod sa bayan at sa kapuwa tao.

Mapapansin sa “Kartilya ng Katipunan” ang tuntuning moral at etiko na nais pairalin sa Katipunan bilang tunay na kapatirang
Filipino. Idinidiin nitó ang pag-ibig sa kapuwa at pagtutulungan, ang paniniwala sa katwiran, at ang pag-iingat sa dangal at puri bilang
tao. Gayunman, taglay din nitó ang pangunahing mga simulaing demokratiko, gaya ng pagkakapantay ng tao anuman ang kulay ng
balát, antas ng kabuhayan, at pinag-aralan. Ipinangangaral din nitó ang mataas na pagtingin sa kababaihan at ang mabigat na
tungkulin ng lalaki na alagaan ang asawa at anak. Sa dulo, iginiit ang pag-ibig sa kalayaan at ang kahandaan ng kasapi na ihandog
ang sarili para sa bayan. Wika nga ni Jacinto, ang “kamahalan ng tao” ay tinitimbang alinsunod sa “magandang asal, may isang
pangungusap, may dangal at puri” at lalo na”y “di napaaapi’t di nakikiapi,” at “marunong magdamdam at marunong lumingap sa bayang
tinubuan.” (KLL)