Design of Abutment Stem

Result of analysis shows that maximum design axial load (Pu =1015 KN) is less than
0.1fckAc (0.1x20x1000x1000x10-3 = 2000KN). For the case, where Pu ≤ 0.1fckAc ,
compression member is treated as flexure member. So, abutment stem has been
designed as a cantilever slab.

Since the design bending moment is higher in seismic combination of loads, design of
abutment stem has been carried out for seismic combination of loads only.

Design of bottom section

Check depth of slab

Let us provide clear cover of 50mm and dia. of 28mm.

Then, d = 1650 – 75 – 32/2 =1559 mm

For balanced section,

𝑥𝑢,𝑚𝑎𝑥 𝑥𝑢,𝑚𝑎𝑥
𝑀𝑢 = 0.36 (1 − 0.416 ) 𝑏𝑑𝑏𝑎𝑙 2 𝑓𝑐𝑘
𝑑 𝑑

𝑥𝑢,𝑚𝑎𝑥
Where, 𝑀𝑢 = 3366 KNm, = 0.48, 𝑓𝑐𝑘 =20 N/mm2, b=1559 mm
𝑑

∴ 𝑑𝑏𝑎𝑙 = 884 mm

𝑑𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣 > 𝑑𝑏𝑎𝑙

Finding reinforcing bars

Since, 𝑑𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣 > 𝑑𝑏𝑎𝑙 , the section is designed as Singly Reinforced Under-Reinforced
Section (SRURS).

Main vertical bars (Vertical bars in the side of backfill)

𝑀 3366𝑥106
We have, 𝑏𝑑𝑢2 = 1000𝑥15592= 1.39; Pt = 0.43%

0.43
𝐴𝑠𝑡 𝑅𝑒𝑞 = x 1000 x 1559 = 6703.7 𝑚𝑚2
100

Provide 32mm ∅ bar @ 110 mm c/c , 𝐴𝑠𝑡 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑣 = 7238.23 𝑚𝑚2 , 𝑃𝑡 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑣 = 0.48%
Outer vertical reinforcement (Vertical bars in the side of river)

Take 0.12% of gross cross sectional area of abutment as outer vertical reinforcement.
0.12
𝐴𝑠𝑡 𝑅𝑒𝑞 = x 1000 x 1559 = 1870.8 𝑚𝑚2
100

Provide 16 mm ∅ bar @ 100 c/c, 𝐴𝑠𝑡 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑣 = 2010.62𝑚𝑚2 , 𝑃𝑡 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑣 = 0.13%

Horizontal Reinforcement

Take 𝐴𝑠 =0.1% of stem area of abutment = 0.001 x 9442898.761 = 9443 𝑚𝑚2

Provide 16 ∅ – 47 nos on each face of abutment.

Check bottom section for shear

Check 𝜏𝑢𝑣 ≤ 𝑘𝜏𝑢𝑐

𝐻𝑦 557𝑥1000
Where, 𝜏𝑢𝑣 = 𝑏𝑑 = 1000𝑥1559 = 0.36 N/𝑚𝑚2

𝜏𝑢𝑐 = 0.47 N/𝑚𝑚2 for M25 and 𝑃𝑡 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑣 = 0.48%

𝜏𝑢𝑐,𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 2.8 N/𝑚𝑚2

k=1

Since, 𝜏𝑢𝑣 < 𝑘𝜏𝑢𝑐 , No need of shear reinforcement.

Design of Mid-section (4m from base of abutment)

Check depth of slab

Let us provide clear cover of 50mm and dia. of 32mm.

Then, d = 1650 – 75 – 32/2 =1559 mm

For balanced section,

𝑥𝑢,𝑚𝑎𝑥 𝑥𝑢,𝑚𝑎𝑥
𝑀𝑢 = 0.36 (1 − 0.416 ) 𝑏𝑑𝑏𝑎𝑙 2 𝑓𝑐𝑘
𝑑 𝑑

𝑥𝑢,𝑚𝑎𝑥
Where, 𝑀𝑢 = 1775 KNm, = 0.48, 𝑓𝑐𝑘 =20N/mm2, b=1559 mm
𝑑

∴ 𝑑𝑏𝑎𝑙 = 574 mm

𝑑𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣 > 𝑑𝑏𝑎𝑙