DESIGN OF BEAMS

FLEXURE DESIGN DETAILING

Autumn 2019

Structural Design I
 Typical Beam Reinforcement Detailing
2

Singly Reinforced Beam

 Typical Beam Reinforcement Detailing
3

Hanger Bars
Stirrup (Stirrup holders)
( )

Singly Reinforced Beam

With Stirrup

Singly Reinforced Beam

 Typical Beam Reinforcement Detailing
4

Hanger Bars
Stirrup (Stirrup holders)
( )

Singly Reinforced Beam

With Stirrup

Singly Reinforced Beam

Hanger Bars
(Stirrup holders)
Stirrup
( )
 Typical Beam Reinforcement Detailing
5

Hanger Bars
Stirrup (Stirrup holders)
( )

Stirrup

Singly Reinforced Beam

With Stirrup

Singly Reinforced Beam Doubly Reinforced Beam

Hanger Bars
(Stirrup holders)
Stirrup
( )
 Typical Beam Reinforcement Detailing
6
 Things to consider for design checks
7

Stirrup area
d
Min/Max allowable
reinforcement (Ast)

Spacing b/w reinforcement

layers
Concrete cover

Min/Max spacing of reinforcement

 Things to consider for design checks
8

 Requirements for designing flexural members

1. Concrete cover
2. Spacing of reinforcing bars
3. Minimum and maximum reinforcement area
4. Limiting span/depth ratio for deflection control
5. Guidelines for beam sizes
6. Effective span length
 1. Nominal Concrete Cover
[IS 456:2000 - CLAUSE 26.4 (pg. 46)]
9

Beam without stirrup

Effective Cover (ce )
t
t ce  cn 
2

Clear cover OR Nominal Cover

(cc ) (cn )

Beam with stirrup

Effective Cover (ce )

t ce  cn  s 
t
2

Clear cover OR Nominal Cover

Stirrup Diameter s (cc ) (cn )
 1. Nominal Concrete Cover
[IS 456:2000 - CLAUSE 26.4 (pg. 46)]
10

t t
Nominal Cover Nominal Cover

 IS 456:2000 minimum requirements [CLAUSE 26.4 – pg. 46]

 Environmental Exposure Conditions (pg.
11
- 18)
 Things to consider for design checks
12

 Requirements for designing flexural members

1. Concrete cover
2. Spacing of reinforcing bars
3. Minimum and maximum reinforcement area
4. Limiting span/depth ratio for deflection control
5. Guidelines for beam sizes
6. Effective span length
 2. Spacing of Reinforcing Bars
13

 Minimum spacing limit ensures good concrete

placement

(Vertical Clear Spacing)

sv

sh
(Horizontal Clear Spacing)
 2. Spacing of Reinforcing Bars
14

 Minimum spacing limit ensures good concrete

placement
 IS 456:2000 – Clause 26.3 (Page – 45)

Max. bar dia. 𝜙

sv (Max. Aggregate size)
15mm

sh Max. bar dia. 𝜙

Max. Aggregate size + 5mm
 2. Spacing of Reinforcing Bars
15

 Maximum spacing limit ensures crack width control

 IS 456:2000 – Clause 26.3.3 (Page – 46)
 2. Spacing of Reinforcing Bars
16

 Minimum limit ensures good concrete placement

 Maximum limit ensures crack width control
 If reinforcement cannot be laid in one layer
a) Increase beam depth
b) Place bars in two or more layers

c) Place bars in parallel bundles (two, three of four bars

in a bundle)
 2. Spacing of Reinforcing Bars
17

 Rebar Spacing in Beams: Summary

b
Hanger Bars
(Stirrup holders)
Stirrup ( )
d
D

Max. bar dia. 𝜙

sv (Max. Aggregate size)
15mm

sh Max. bar dia. 𝜙

Max. Aggregate size + 5mm
 Things to consider for design checks
18

 Requirements for designing flexural members

1. Concrete cover
2. Spacing of reinforcing bars
3. Minimum and maximum reinforcement area
4. Limiting span/depth ratio for deflection control
5. Guidelines for beam sizes
6. Effective span length
 3. Minimum/Maximum Reinforcement
19
Area
 Minimum Reinforcement Requirement in Beams
 To ensure ductile failure
 To prevent cracking due to shrinkage and temperature
variations
 IS 456:2000 – Clause 26.5.1.1a (pg. 46)
 Minimum flexural reinforcement area:
 3. Minimum/Maximum Reinforcement
20
Area
 Maximum Reinforcement Requirement in Beams
 To avoid congestion of reinforcement at junctions
 To allow proper placement and compaction of concrete

 IS 456:2000 – Clause 26.5.1.1b (pg. 47)

 Maximum Reinforcement Requirement: Beams

 Asc max or  Ast max  0.04bD

 If both Asc and Ast are at their maximum value, it is

considered as excessive. In such cases:
 Increasebeam size (especially depth)
 Improve grades of concrete and steel
 Things to consider for design checks
21

 Requirements for designing flexural members

1. Concrete cover
2. Spacing of reinforcing bars
3. Minimum and maximum reinforcement area
4. Limiting span/depth ratio for deflection control
5. Guidelines for beam sizes
6. Effective span length
 4. Deflection Control
22

 Maximum permissible deflection due to all loads:

 1

l 250

 Code specifications: Clause 23.2.1 – pg. 37

 4. Deflection Control
23

 The code ensures limits are satisfied if certain

criteria are met. That is the code assumes:

 l

l d
 4. Deflection Control
24

 For prismatic rectangular beams and slabs of

uniform thickness up to length 10m :
 4. Deflection Control
25

 kt and kc from IS 456:2000

kt

kc

 Ast required
f st  0.58 f y
 Ast  provided
 Things to consider for design checks
26

 Requirements for designing flexural members

1. Concrete cover
2. Spacing of reinforcing bars
3. Minimum and maximum reinforcement area
4. Limiting span/depth ratio for deflection control
5. Guidelines for beam sizes
6. Effective span length
 5. Guidelines for Beam Sizes
27

 Recommended member dimensions:

b

D
 1.5 to 2 D
b

 Commonly adopted beam widths (b) are 200mm,

230mm, 250mm and 300mm
 l/D ratios between 10 and 16 generates
economical sections