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LOGIC GATE
CERTIFICATE
PAGE No.-1
THIS IS TO CERTIFY
CERTIFY THAT
THAT THIS PROJECT IS THE
THE BONAFIDE
BONAFIDE WORK OF
SAURAV KUMAR OF CLASS 12TH 'A1' AND HAS BEEN
SUCCESSFULLY COMPLETED AND IS TAKEN TO BE AN ISSUE
CONDUCTED BY BY THE C.B.S.E. IN THE SESSION
S ESSION 2015-2016.
• TEACHERS
TEACHERS SIGNATURE!
SIGNATURE!
• E"TERNALS SIGNATURE!
• PRINCIPALS SIGNA
SIGN ATURE!
PAGE No.-2
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
MERE WORDS WON#T BE ABLE TO E"PRESS MY GRATITUDE AND
THANKFULNESS FOR THE $ARIOUS PEOPLE WITHOUT WHOSE
IN$OL$EMENT THIS PROJECT COUNLDN#T HA$E BEEN COMPLETED
SUCCESSFULLY.
CONTENTS
AIM
INTRODUCTION
THEORY
PAGE No.-&
BASIC GATES
THE OR GATE
THE AND GATE
THE NOT GATE
THE NOR GATE
THE NAND GATE
THE XOR GATE
THE XNOR GATE
BIBLIOGRAPHY
AIM
TO DESIGN AN APPROPRIATE LOGIC GATE FOR A GIVEN TRUTH
TABLE"
PAGE No.-'
INTRODUCTION
A ()*+ , +/+ ) ) ,(,*) ,34,* , 7oo o8+ o(,)
3+)*,o,9 :+*++ *+ ,94* ) o4*94* ;o*)(+. I* , ) ,(,*) ,34,*
, +,*+3 )o ) ,() *o 9) *3o4( ) *o9% ,* , )+ a gat.
T+ o(, ()*+ )3+ :4,,( :o< )* ,(,*) ++*3o,. T+= )3+ 4+
, ,(,*) ++*3o, *o )(+ o ;o*)(+ +;+ >,94* ;o*)(+? ,*o
)o*+3 >o4*94* ;o*)(+? )o3,( *o o8+ o(,) *)*+8+* 3+)*,(
*+8.
A o(, ()*+ 8)= );+ o+ o3 8o3+ ,94*% :4* ,* ) o= o+ o4*94*.
T+ 3+)*,o,9 :+*++ *+ 9o,:+ ;)4+ o7 ,94* ) o4*94*
;o*)(+ , +@93++ , *+ 7o38 o7 ) *):+ )+ trth t!"#$ %r t!"#$
%& %(")*!t)%*+.
T34* *):+ o7 ) Lo(, G)*+ , ) *):+ *)* o ) *+ ,94* )
o4*94* 9o,:,,*,+ 7o3 *+ o(, ()*+.
G$%r,$ B%%#$ )* 1-0 ,;+*+ ) ,+3+* <, o7 )(+:3) :)+ o
:,)3= )*43+ )* *+ o(,% *, )(+:3) o7 o(, )+ BOOLEAN
ALGEBRA. A o(,) *)*+8+* ) );+ o= *o ;)4+% 4 )
PAGE No.-5
HIGH/LOW, ON/OFF, CLOSED/OPEN, YES/NO, RIGHT/WRONG,
TRUE/FALSE, CONDUCTING/NON-CONDUCTING +*. T+ *o ;)4+ o7
o(, *)*+8+* o+ +o*+ := *+ :,)3= 48:+3 1 ) 0. T+
:,)3= 48:+3 1 , 4+ *o +o*+ *+ ,( ;)4+. T+ o(,)
*)*+8+* *)* o(, ()*+ 7oo )3+ )+ B%%#$!* $/r$++)%*+
THEORY
Lo(, ()*+ o3 o(, ()*+ , ) +*,*= , ++*3o, ) 8)*+8)*,
Boo+) *)* *43 o+ o3 8o3+ o(, ,94* *o ) o(, o4*94* ,().
Lo(, ()*+ , 8),= ,89+8+*+ ++*3o,)= 4,( ,o+ o3
*3),*o3% :4* ) )o :+ :4,* 4,( *+ )33)(+8+* o7 o89o+*
*)* 4*,,+ *+ 93o9+3*,+ o7 ++*3o8)(+*, >3+)=?% 4,% o9*,) o3
+;+ 8+),). A= Boo+) )(+:3) o9+3)*,o ) :+ )o,)*+
,* ,94* ) o4*94* 3+93++* *+ *)*+8+* o7 Boo+) )(+:3).
A*o4( *++ ,34,* 8)= :+ o89+@% *+= 8)= ) :+ o*34*+
73o8 *3++ :), +;,+. W+ );+ *3++ ,+3+* *=9+ o7 o(, ()*+
.T++ )3+ *+ AND ()*+% *+ OR ()*+ ) *+ NOT ()*+.
LOGIC STATES
1 0
HIGH LOW
; -;
ON OFF
CLOSE OPEN
RIGHT WRONG
TRUE FALSE
YES NO
PAGE No.-6
BASIC GATES
>)? THE OR GATE , ) +;,+ *)* o8:,+ A ,* B *o (,;+ Y )
*+ 3+4*.
T+ OR ()*+ ) *o o3 8o3+ ,94* ) o+ o4*94*. T+ o(,
()*+ o7 OR ()*+ ,* A ) B ,94* ) Y o4*94* , o
:+o!
PAGE No.-
>?THE NOT GATE , ) +;,+ *)* ,;+3* *+ ,94*. T+ NOT , )
o+ ,94* ) o+ o4*94*. T+ o(, ()*+ o7 NOT ()*+ ,* A
) Y o4*94* , o :+o!
THE OR GATE
Aim!
TO DESIGN AND SIMULATE THE OR GATE CIRCUIT!
Components
To ,+) 9- 4*,o ,o+ >D1 ) D2?.
T!eo"# $n% Const"&'tion
PAGE No.-
A OR ()*+ ) :+ 3+),+ := *+ ++*3o,
,34,*% 8)<,( 4+ o7 *o ,o+ D 1 ) D2 )
o , *+ /(43+.
H+3+ *+ +()*,;+ *+38,) o7 *+ :)**+3= ,
(3o4+ ) o33+9o *o *+ 0 +;+% ) *+
9o,*,;+ *+38,) o7 *+ :)**+3= >,.+. ;o*)(+ 5$ ,
*+ 93++* )+? o33+9o *o +;+ 1. T+
o4*94* Y , ;o*)(+ )* C .3.*. +)3*.
T"&t! T$()e
I94* I94 O4*94*
A *B Y
0 0 0
1 0 1 PAGE No.-
0 1 1
1 1 1
PAGE No.-10
THE AND GATE
Aim!
TO DESIGN AND SIMULATE THE AND GATE CIRCUIT!
Components
To ,+) 9- 4*,o ,o+ >D1 ) D2?% )
3+,*)+ R.
T!eo"# $n% Const"&'tion
A AND ()*+ ) :+ 3+),+ := *+ ++*3o,
,34,*% 8)<,( 4+ o7 *o ,o+ D 1 ) D2 )
o , *+ /(43+. T+ 3+,*)+ R , o+*+
*o *+ 9o,*,;+ *+38,) o7 ) 5$ :)**+3=
9+38)+*=.
H+3+ *+ +()*,;+ *+38,) o7 *+ :)**+3= ,
(3o4+ ) o33+9o *o *+ 0 +;+% ) *+
9o,*,;+ *+38,) o7 *+ :)**+3= >,.+. ;o*)(+ 5$ ,
*+ 93++* )+? o33+9o *o +;+ 1. T+
o4*94* Y , ;o*)(+ )* C .3.*.
+)3*.
T"&t! T$()e
Components
A ,+) -9- *3),*o3.
PAGE No.-12
T!eo"# $n% Const"&'tion
A NOT ()*+ )o* :+ 3+),+ := 4,( ,o+.
Ho+;+3 ) ++*3o, ,34,* o7 NOT ()*+ ) :+
3+),+ := 8)<,( 4+ o7 -9- *3),*o3 ) o
, *+ /(43+.
T+ :)+ B o7 *+ *3),*o3 , o+*+ *o *+
,94* A *3o4( ) 3+,*)+ R : ) *+ +8,**+3 E ,
+)3*+. T+ o+*o3 , o+*+ *o 5$ :)**+3=.
T+ o4*94* Y , ;o*)(+ )* C .3.*. +)3*.
T+
7oo,( o4,o ) :+ +),=
3) 73o8 *+ o3<,( o7 *+ ++*3,) ,34,*!
T"&t! T$()e
I94* A O4*94* Y
0 1
1 0
PAGE No.-1&
THE NOR GATE
Aim!
TO DESIGN AND SIMULATE THE NOR GATE CIRCUIT!
Components
To ,+) 9- 4*,o ,o+ >D1 ) D2?% ) ,+) -
9- *3),*o3.
T!eo"# $n% Const"&'tion
I7 + o+* *+ o4*94* Y o7 OR ()*+ *o *+ ,94*
o7 ) NOT ()*+ *+ ()*+ o:*),+ , )+ NOR.
T+ o4*94* Y , ;o*)(+ )* C .3.*. +)3*.
PAGE No.-1'
I
T"&t! T$()e
PAGE No.-15
THE NAND GATE
Aim!
TO DESIGN AND SIMULATE THE NAND GATE CIRCUIT!
Components
To ,+) 9- 4*,o ,o+ >D1 ) D2?% )
3+,*)+ R% ) ,+) -9- *3),*o3.
T!eo"# $n% Const"&'tion
I7 + o+* *+ o4*94* Y o7 AND ()*+ *o *+ ,94*
o7 ) NOT ()*+ *+ ()*+ o:*),+ , )+ NAND.
T+ o4*94* Y , ;o*)(+ C .3.*.+)3*.
I
PAGE No.-1
THE "OR GATE
Aim!
TO DESIGN AND SIMULATE THE EX OR GATE CIRCUIT!
Components
To AND ()*+% ) OR ()*+% *o NOT ()*+.
T!eo"# $n% Const"&'tion
T+ o9+3)*,o "OR +< 7o3 *+ +@4,;,*= , *+
;)4+ o7 *+ *o ,() A ) B. I* 8+) ,7 A )
B )3+ o* ,+*,) >,.+. ,7 A0 ) B1 o3 ;,+
;+3)?% *+ o4*94* Y1% ) ,7 :o* )3+ ,+*,)%
*+ *+ o4*94* Y0. T, o9+3)*,o , )o )+
+@4,;+ OR ()*+% +,()*+ E"OR.
T"&t! T$()e
I94* A I94* B O4*94* Y
0 0 0
1 0 1
0 1 1
1 1 0
Components
To AND ()*+% ) OR ()*+% *3++ NOT ()*+.
T!eo"# $n% Const"&'tion
PAGE No.-1
T+ o9+3)*,o "NOR +< 7o3 *+ +@4,;,*= ,
*+ ;)4+ o7 *+ *o ,() A ) B. I* 8+) ,7 A
) B )3+ o* ,+*,) >,.+. ,7 A0 ) B1 o3 ;,+
;+3)?% *+ o4*94* Y0% ) ,7 :o* )3+ ,+*,)%
*+ *+ o4*94* Y1. T, o9+3)*,o , )o )+
+@4,;+ NOR ()*+% +,()*+ "NOR.
I
I. ,+)3+.o8
II. ,<,9+,).o3(
III. ,:+.o.,
I$. 3,:.o8
PAGE No.-21