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Slope stability between Ch 96+250 to
97+265
PREFACE
Submitted herewith is the slope stability between Ch 96+250 to 97+265km for the project
“Design and construction of package CTP-11 from JNPT to Vaitarana section for Western Dedicated Freight
This report is submitted for the consent and No Objection of the Engineer, as per Cl. 11.3.7(1-b),
Pg.no. - 402 - Appendix 14, Volume-II of Bid document. This design document for embankment is applicable
0|Page
Slope stability between Ch 96+250 to
97+265
Table of Content
1. INTRODUCTION 2
1.1 Project Description ................................................................................................................................ 2
1.2 Revision history ..................................................................................................................................... 2
2. SITE LOCATION & PROPOSED FORMATION 3
3. SCOPE OF PRESENT WORK 3
3.1 Design Criteria ....................................................................................................................................... 5
3.2 Critical Sections ..................................................................................................................................... 6
4. DESIGN METHODOLOGY 6
5. RESULTS- CRITICAL SECTIONS 7
6. SLOPE STABILITY ANALYSIS 8
6.1 Inputs ..................................................................................................................................................... 8
7. OUTPUT 10
8. CONCLUSION 10
1|Page
Slope stability between Ch 96+250 to
97+265
1. INTRODUCTION
The Dedicated Freight Corridor Corporation of India Ltd. (“DFCCIL”), has issued a Letter of Intent to Express
Freight Railway Consortium (“Contractor”) to enter in to a Contract for the Design and Construction of civil,
structures and track works for double line railway involving formation in embankments/cuttings, bridges,
structures (Excluding civil works for bridges over railways, and water main and across creek and Ulhas river
and formation in embankment /cutting and structures in their approaches on both sides) buildings, ballast
on formation track works (including track works on bridges over railways and water main and across creek
and Ulhas river and formation in embankment /cutting and structures in their approaches on both sides )
including testing and commissioning of Design build Lump sum price basis for JNPT –VAITARANA Section
of Western Dedicated Freight Corridor (Phase -2).
The Contractor, to effectively deliver the project to the DFCCIL, have appointed the SMEC International Pty
Ltd as their Design Consultant to render the Detailed Design Consultancy service for contract package 11:
JNPT to VAITARANA section of Western Dedicated Freight Corridor.
The geotechnical investigation was carried out to investigate the proposed sites, geotechnical conditions and
to provide sub surface profile for the proposed structures.
2|Page
Slope stability between Ch 96+250 to
97+265
The present report gives the slope stability analysis of the embankments in Railway formation for the section
between DFCC Ch 96+250 to 97+265–Double track.
The typical section of the proposed formation comprises of two layer system – 0.6m thick blanket composed
of SQ3 material underlaid by 1.0m thick prepared subgrade composed of SQ2 material. The prepared
subgrade is underlaid by embankment fill (varying height) of suitable material. Typical cross sections of
earthwork structure (with 2 layer system) as per RDSO / 2007 / GE: 14, is shown in Figure 2.1 and Figure
2.2.
Height of the proposed embankment fill from the ground level varies up to 10.1m (filling) along the alignment.
Cut/Fill data has been referred from Alignment drawings attached in Annexure 1.
The scope of present work is as per the contract document – Part III (Specification), Section 5.9.5 given
below
Side slope gradient of 1V: 2H for the Embankment and 1V: 1H & 1V: 0.5H for Formation in Cut is
considered to be sufficient, however the same shall be designed based on the slope stability
analysis.
Slope stability analysis shall be carried out to design stable slopes for the embankment and has to
be carried out in detail for any height of embankment in following situations:
When subsoil is soft, compressible & marshy type for any depth.
When subgrade soil (fill material) has very low value of cohesion ' C' ' such that C'/γH (where
H- height of embankment and γ is bulk density of soil) is negligible, i.e., in range of 0.01 or so.
When highest water table is within 1.5xH (H is the height of embankment).
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Slope stability between Ch 96+250 to
97+265
In cutting slope, softening of soil occurs with the passage of time therefore, long term stability is the
most critical, and shall be taken into consideration while designing the cuttings.
Detailed slope stability analysis shall be carried out as per procedure laid down in “Annexure-III‟ of
“Guidelines for Earthwork in Railway Projects, Guideline No. GE: G– 1”. This procedure shall be
applicable for most of the cases. However, in certain situations, further detailed analysis may be
required due to the site conditions.
Slope stability analysis shall be carried out using standard computer programme/software especially
made for this purpose.
In this design report, commercially available Limit equilibrium software, GEO Studio SLOPE/W (2016)
is used. Calculations are presented in Annexure 3.
As per contract document – Part II (Employer’s Requirement) – 16.8.2 Design criteria for Earthwork design
given as below:
For design of the embankment / earthwork the “Guideline and Specification for Design of Formation for Heavy
Axle Load, GE: 0014”, issued by RDSO will be followed except the provisions contained below. The
geometric parameters and design principles are described below:
Formations comprises of granular layer (Blanket) over prepared sub grade/Top Layer of
Embankment Fill and embankment fill (as per Contractual Agreement, Part. II, Cl. 16.8.1-1)
Cross fall slope to be at least 1:30 or 3% with tolerance of 0.5%; (as per Part III, chapter 5.9.10
“Tolerance and Acceptance Criteria”)
Parameter of blanket (of thickness as specified in specifications, Part III of the Contractual
Agreement) are mandatory provisions to be adopted (as per Contractual Agreement, Part. III, Cl.
5.9.3)
Cess width shall not be less than 900mm (as per Contractual Agreement, Part. II, Cl. 16.8.1-1)
The slope stability analysis is in accordance with Annexure-III of the Guidelines for Earthwork in
Railway Projects (Guideline No. GE: G-1) by RDSO.
Wherever Black Cotton Soil is encountered, ground improvement is considered necessary and
appropriate Ground Improvement is suggested and justified with calculations.
The acceptance criteria for minimum factor of safety for slope stability analysis are as per Annexure III of
RDSO GE: G1 - Guidelines for Earthwork in Railway Project,
1.4 for slopes in long term static condition for height of embankment more than 4m
1.6 for slopes in long term static condition for height of embankment less than 4m
1.1 for slope in seismic condition
Above criteria are taken as per RDSO GE: G1 (Guidelines for earthwork in Railway projects) – Cl 2.1
and Cl 2.3, Page no. 54 and as per IRC-75 Guideline.
4|Page
Slope stability between Ch 96+250 to
97+265
Formation Width
Table ERD-3 of Part. II-16.8.2,
1. For DoubleTrack:13.86m
Embankment Contractual Agreement
Cutting For DoubleTrack:13.86m
Factor of Safety
1.4 (for height > 4m)
(Static) – Long Term
7. 1.6 (for height < 4m) Annexure III of RDSO GE: G1
Stability
1.4
In cutting
Factor of Safety
8. 1.1 (for all heights) IRC-75
(Seismic condition)
Maximum
9. a) Contract document Vol II
a) Residual Settlement a) 100mm
Page 93
ah =0.5 amax
10. Seismic Co efficient IRC-75
av= 0.5 ah
The embankment is designed for adequate factor of safety against instability at all times. Considerations
taken into account are particularly slope geometry, soil conditions including moisture content regime changes
due to seasonal variation.
If water table is less than 4m, then design water table will be considered at ground level and if more than
4m, a fluctuation of 4m is considered. In situations where water table is not encountered in the boreholes
then it will be assumed at termination level of boreholes.
5|Page
Slope stability between Ch 96+250 to
97+265
4. DESIGN METHODOLOGY
The following steps are being carried out for the embankment design: -
1. Geotechnical parameters are based on Factual Geotechnical Investigation report for embankment
and for borrow material of factual geotechnical investigation report. Borrow material approved wide
letter no L/OCGC/DFCC/ZMT-1/CTP-11/1904/1096.
6|Page
Slope stability between Ch 96+250 to
97+265
2. Finding out critical sections based on the conditions enumerated in Section 3.2 (presentation along
with sample calculations)
3. Categorization of critical sections based on similarity in sections.
4. Finding out the most critical section in each category.
5. Analysis using software SLOPE/W for the critical sections.
6. Settlement and liquefaction analysis.
Note:
To gather detailed geotechnical characteristics along the proposed alignment, geotechnical
exploration and testing programmes were conducted and reported and borelogs have been
presented in Annexure 1.
Annexure Particulars
SPT values & C-phi values for embankment and borrow area from GT reports
(Factual Geotechnical Investigation report for embankment and Minor bridge locations and
1.
For borrow material, Factual Geotechnical Investigation report. Borrow material approved
wide letter no L/OCGC/DFCC/ZMT-1/CTP-11/1904/1096
a. Height of embankment
b. Type of Borehole
c. Depth of water table
d. Density
e. Soil Type
f. c-phi characteristics & SPT of subsoil and borrow relevant to each chainage
2.
(nearest)
g. Finding out the critical sections based on different conditions as Explained under
section 3.2.
h. Sample calculations for finding out critical sections
i. Categorization of critical sections and locating the most critical one in each
category.
7|Page
Slope stability between Ch 96+250 to
97+265
As per Cl. 4.4.4, RDSO GE: G1, slope stability analysis is performed using standard computer software
(SLOPE/W), specially made for this purpose. The software is approved by RDSO and as per Cl. 4.3 of RDSO
Guideline GE: G-6, Slope/W is preferred software for carrying out Slope stability analysis. SLOPE/W is a 2D
Limit Equilibrium slope stability program for estimating moment and force equilibrium factor of safety. The
acceptance criterion for factor of safety is indicated in section 3.0.
6.1 Inputs
Height of the proposed embankment fill and cut from the ground level varies along the alignment. Based on
the alignment data, proposed embankment height / cutting depth is checked and critical sections are
analysed both in static and seismic case as explained in Section 5 and attached in Annexure 2.
Parameters in all the boreholes and borrow materials along the stretch are presented in this report and
Borehole corresponding to minimum shear parameters have been selected and analysed.
8|Page
Slope stability between Ch 96+250 to
97+265
1. Sleeper 24 50 40
2. Ballast 18 0 40
Note: Minimum shear strength parameter considered in design which shall be ensured during construction.
9|Page
Slope stability between Ch 96+250 to
97+265
7. OUTPUT
The output from SLOPE/W is attached, following cases has been analysed and the factor of Safety obtained
is summarized below in Table 7.1.
Table 7.1: Factor of safety for Embankments without geotextile reinforcement
Same actual
1 96+250 to 96+750 96+500 +11.34 embankment height 1.407
and slope with
additional fill height
which will be scraped
2 96+750 to 97+265 97+000 +8.3 up to required 1.4
formation after
preloading period
8. CONCLUSION
This design report has been prepared to assess the ground conditions for its suitability for embankment
construction and analyse possible ground settlements of embankments. Based on the evaluation of ground
conditions, the following technical recommendations have been arrived.
1. Review of geotechnical investigation reports suggests that the ground profile is essentially made of
V Soft to soft Silty CLAY, underlain with completely/highly to moderately weathered rock with
ageing along the stretch.
10 | P a g e
Slope stability between Ch 96+250 to
97+265
2. Detailed stability analyses for the embankment section have been done using SLOPE/W software.
For the stretch Ch.96+250 to 97+265, a slope of 2 horizontal to 1 vertical satisfies the factor of
safety requirement under static and seismic conditions.
3. PVDs are recommended in this stretch due to presence of Soft clay. For detailed Ground
improvement method refer Document no. DOC/CTP-11/CVL/DGN/GT/0003/10109-Rev-0
approved wide letter no 1905/24503.
4. One layer of Geotextile reinforcement at 0.1m above EGL is recommended for the stretches 96+250
to 96+750 and two layers for 96+750 to 92+265, one at 0.1m and other at 0.4m above EGL. For
required design parameters refer Table No 6.4 above.
5. It is recommended to lay geotextile material at the time of preloading itself, such that after preloading
interval embankment can be trimmed off to required formation level.
11 | P a g e
ANNEXURE-1
CUT/FILL DATA,
BORELOGS AND CTP-11
BORROW MATERIAL
PROPERTIES
Cut/fill data from 96+250 to 97+265
Max fill
Formation
Chainage Ground Level Cut/Fill Structure Height,
Level
m
96260 1.451 11.440 9.989
96280 1.312 11.340 10.028
96300 1.476 11.240 9.764
96320 1.657 11.140 9.483
96340 1.584 11.040 9.456
96360 1.694 10.940 9.246
96380 1.534 10.840 9.306
96400 1.586 10.740 9.154
96420 1.649 10.640 8.991
96440 1.670 10.540 8.870
96460 1.843 10.440 8.597
96480 2.234 10.340 8.106
96500 2.109 10.240 8.131
96510 Minor Bridge
10.028
96520 2.111 10.140 8.029
96540 1.741 10.040 8.299
96560 1.700 9.940 8.240
96580 1.618 9.840 8.222
96600 1.550 9.740 8.190
96616 Minor Bridge
96620 1.773 9.640 7.867
96640 1.712 9.540 7.828
96660 1.509 9.440 7.931
96680 2.366 9.340 6.974
96692 Minor RUB
96700 1.637 9.240 7.603
96720 1.678 9.140 7.462
96740 1.598 9.040 7.442
96760 1.740 8.940 7.200
96780 1.615 8.840 7.225
96800 1.712 8.740 7.028
96820 1.603 8.640 7.037
96840 1.570 8.540 6.970
96860 1.844 8.440 6.596
96880 1.888 8.340 6.452
96900 1.845 8.240 6.395
96920 1.878 8.140 6.262
96940 1.801 8.040 6.239
96960 1.590 7.940 6.350
96980 1.468 7.840 6.372
97000 1.353 7.740 6.387
7.225
97020 1.646 7.640 5.994
7.225
MODULUS OF ELASTICITY,
COHESION'Cu' IN Kg/cm2
COMPRESSION INDEX Cv
SAMPLE REFERENCE NO.
PLASTICITY INDEX, Ip %
% SILT 0.075-0.002mm
UNIAXIALCOMPRESSIVE
Organic Matter Content
WATER ABSORPTION %
WET DENSITY, gm/cm3
SPECIFIC GRAVITY
PLASTIC LIMIT %
SPECIFIC GRAVITY
LIQUID LIMIT %
POISSON'S RATIO
Chlorides (mg/lit)
Chlorides (mg/lit)
CLASSIFICATION
STRENGH, Mpa
LABORATORY
DIA OF HOLE
POROSITY %
DEPTH(M)
REMARKS
N' VALUE
pH Value
pH Value
15.0cm
30.0cm
45.0cm
LEVEL
Mpa
50)
DS 1
1.47 0.0 0.00
0.00 to 0.50
.
0.97 0.5 0.50 1 DS CH 0 1 68 31 83 35 48 2.57 7.4 780.4 420.2 181
150mm
0.50 to 1.00
0.47 1.0 UDS 1.00 1 UDS CH 10 38 37 15 66 31 35 1.6 1.3 2.65 26 0.03 8.96
1.00 to 1.45 SPT CH 1 36 63 66 33 33
-0.03 1.5 SPT 1.00 1 1 1 1 2
1.45 Gray very soft clay
-0.53 2.0 1.45 to 2.50
2.95 to 3.50
-2.03 3.5 3.50
3.50 to 4.00
-2.53 4.0 UDS 4.00 2 UDS CH 0 8 64 28 81 35 46 1.6 1.3 2.62 26 0.03 7.14 1.07 0.36 7.15 710.1 360.6 160.9
SPT 4.45 3 4.00 to 4.45 SPT CH 0 14 86 73 33 40 2.56
1 1 2 3
-3.03 4.5
-11.00 11.0
CR-3 12.00 21.33 Nil 10.5 to 12.00
-11.50 11.5
-12.00 12.0
NOTES : 1. Classification of soil shall be as per IS : 1498 5. Type of Core Barrel Used = Double Tube
4. R = Refusal
MODULUS OF ELASTICITY,
COHESION'Cu' IN Kg/cm2
COMPRESSION INDEX Cv
SAMPLE REFERENCE NO.
PLASTICITY INDEX, Ip %
% SILT 0.075-0.002mm
UNIAXIALCOMPRESSIVE
Organic Matter Content
WATER ABSORPTION %
WET DENSITY, gm/cm3
SPECIFIC GRAVITY
PLASTIC LIMIT %
SPECIFIC GRAVITY
LIQUID LIMIT %
POISSON'S RATIO
Chlorides (mg/lit)
Chlorides (mg/lit)
CLASSIFICATION
STRENGH, Mpa
LABORATORY
DIA OF HOLE
POROSITY %
DEPTH(M)
REMARKS
N' VALUE
pH Value
pH Value
15.0cm
30.0cm
45.0cm
LEVEL
Mpa
50)
DS 1
2.72 0.0 0.00
0.00 to 0.50
150mm
0.50 to 1.00
Gray very soft clay
1.72 1.0 UDS 1.00 1 UDS GM 73 17 10 2 1.8 13 0.19 32.3
1.45 1.00 to 1.45 SPT
1.22 1.5 SPT 1 1 1 1 2 CH 0 1 69 30 74 35 39 2.63
2.95 to 3.50
-0.78 3.5 3.50
3.50 to 4.00
-1.28 4.0 UDS 4.00 2 Gray soft clay UDS CH 6 28 48 18 66 34 32 7.1 750.2 380.5 130.5
SPT 4.45 3 4.00 to 4.45 SPT CH 0 3 97
2 2 2 4
-1.78 4.5
.
-2.28 5.0 4.45 to 5.50
-9.00 9.0
Weathered, gray, fine grain,moderately
CR-3 34.66 NIL 8.50 to 10.00 18 0.51 ## ## ## 0.19 3.74
-9.50 9.5 spaced fractures, strong BASALT
NOTES : 1. Classification of soil shall be as per IS : 1498 5. Type of Core Barrel Used = Double Tube
Name: Embankment
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 21.43 kN/m³
Cohesion': 10 kPa
20 Phi': 24.22 ° 20
Piezometric Line: 1
1.072
10 10
Elevation
Elevation
0 0
-10 -10
-20 -20
-30 -30
-20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Distance
CLIENT CONTRACTOR
Slope Stability Analysis from 96+250 to 96+750 Seismic case wrt Increased Shear parameters
Name: Sleeper Name: Ballast Name: Blanket Name: Foundation- 1 Clay Name: Improved cohesion Name: Rock
Model: Mohr-Coulomb Model: Mohr-Coulomb Model: Mohr-Coulomb Model: Mohr-Coulomb Model: Mohr-Coulomb Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 24 kN/m³ Unit Weight: 18 kN/m³ Unit Weight: 18 kN/m³ Unit Weight: 16 kN/m³ Unit Weight: 16 kN/m³ Unit Weight: 20 kN/m³
Cohesion': 50 kPa Cohesion': 0 kPa Cohesion': 0 kPa Cohesion': 19 kPa Cohesion': 61 kPa Cohesion': 0 kPa
Phi': 40 ° Phi': 40 ° Phi': 32 ° Phi': 0 ° Phi': 0 ° Phi': 34 °
Piezometric Line: 1 Piezometric Line: 1 Piezometric Line: 1 Piezometric Line: 1 Piezometric Line: 1 Piezometric Line: 1
Name: Embankment
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 21.43 kN/m³
Cohesion': 10 kPa
20 Phi': 24.22 ° 20
Piezometric Line: 1
1.372
10 10
Elevation
Elevation
0 0
-10 -10
-20 -20
-30 -30
-20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Distance
CLIENT CONTRACTOR
Slope Stability Analysis from 96+250 to 96+750 Static case wrt Increased Shear parameters
Name: Sleeper Name: Ballast Name: Blanket Name: Foundation- 1 Clay Name: Improved cohesion Name: Rock
Model: Mohr-Coulomb Model: Mohr-Coulomb Model: Mohr-Coulomb Model: Mohr-Coulomb Model: Mohr-Coulomb Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 24 kN/m³ Unit Weight: 18 kN/m³ Unit Weight: 18 kN/m³ Unit Weight: 16 kN/m³ Unit Weight: 16 kN/m³ Unit Weight: 20 kN/m³
Cohesion': 50 kPa Cohesion': 0 kPa Cohesion': 0 kPa Cohesion': 19 kPa Cohesion': 61 kPa Cohesion': 0 kPa
Phi': 40 ° Phi': 40 ° Phi': 32 ° Phi': 0 ° Phi': 0 ° Phi': 34 °
Piezometric Line: 1 Piezometric Line: 1 Piezometric Line: 1 Piezometric Line: 1 Piezometric Line: 1 Piezometric Line: 1
Name: Embankment
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 21.43 kN/m³
Cohesion': 10 kPa
20 Phi': 24.22 ° 20
1.114
Piezometric Line: 1
10 10
Elevation
Elevation
0 0
-10 -10
-20 -20
-30 -30
-20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Distance
CLIENT CONTRACTOR
Slope Stability Analysis from 96+250 to 96+750 seismic case wrt increased shear parameters
and basal reinforcement at 100mm above EGL
Name: Sleeper Name: Ballast Name: Blanket Name: Foundation- 1 Clay Name: Improved cohesion Name: Rock
Model: Mohr-Coulomb Model: Mohr-Coulomb Model: Mohr-Coulomb Model: Mohr-Coulomb Model: Mohr-Coulomb Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 24 kN/m³ Unit Weight: 18 kN/m³ Unit Weight: 18 kN/m³ Unit Weight: 16 kN/m³ Unit Weight: 16 kN/m³ Unit Weight: 20 kN/m³
Cohesion': 50 kPa Cohesion': 0 kPa Cohesion': 0 kPa Cohesion': 19 kPa Cohesion': 61 kPa Cohesion': 0 kPa
Phi': 40 ° Phi': 40 ° Phi': 32 ° Phi': 0 ° Phi': 0 ° Phi': 34 °
Piezometric Line: 1 Piezometric Line: 1 Piezometric Line: 1 Piezometric Line: 1 Piezometric Line: 1 Piezometric Line: 1
Name: Embankment
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 21.43 kN/m³
Cohesion': 10 kPa
20 Phi': 24.22 ° 20
Piezometric Line: 1
1.425
10 10
Elevation
Elevation
0 0
-10 -10
-20 -20
-30 -30
-20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Distance
CLIENT CONTRACTOR
Slope Stability Analysis from 96+250 to 96+750 Static case wrt Increased Shear parameters
and Basal reinforcement at 100mm above EGL
30/05/2019 SLOPE/W seismic
SLOPE/W seismic
Report generated using GeoStudio 2016. Copyright © 1991-2017 GEO-SLOPE Interna onal Ltd.
File Informa on
File Version: 8.16
Last Edited By: Vivekananda KS
Revision Number: 431
Date: 27-05-2019
Time: 10:24:23
Tool Version: 8.16.5.15361
File Name: 10.1m.gsz
Directory: T:\7061466-CTP-11_TATA_Project\H - Deliverables\H3 - Calcula ons\2-Technical Stage\003
Geotechnical\Vivekananda\Design Stage\Embankment\96.25-97.265\Slope stability\Annexure-2\Slope W\96.25
to 96.75\
Last Solved Date: 27-05-2019
Last Solved Time: 10:24:30
Project Se ngs
Length(L) Units: Meters
Time(t) Units: Seconds
Force(F) Units: Kilonewtons
Pressure(p) Units: kPa
Strength Units: kPa
Unit Weight of Water: 9.807 kN/m³
View: 2D
Element Thickness: 1
Analysis Se ngs
SLOPE/W seismic
Kind: SLOPE/W
Method: Morgenstern-Price
Se ngs
Side Func on
Interslice force func on op on: Half-Sine
PWP Condi ons Source: Piezometric Line
Apply Phrea c Correc on: Yes
Use Staged Rapid Drawdown: No
Slip Surface
Direc on of movement: Right to Le
Use Passive Mode: No
Slip Surface Op on: Entry and Exit
Cri cal slip surfaces saved: 1
Resis ng Side Maximum Convex Angle: 1 °
Driving Side Maximum Convex Angle: 5 °
Op mize Cri cal Slip Surface Loca on: No
Tension Crack
Tension Crack Op on: (none)
F of S Distribu on
F of S Calcula on Op on: Constant
Advanced
Number of Slices: 30
F of S Tolerance: 0.01
Minimum Slip Surface Depth: 0.1 m
Search Method: Linear Search
Must Obtain Factor of Safety at Lambda: 0.2
Lambda
Lambda 1: -1
Lambda 2: -0.8
Lambda 3: -0.6
Lambda 4: -0.4
Lambda 5: -0.2
Lambda 6: 0
Lambda 7: 0.2
Lambda 8: 0.4
Lambda 9: 0.6
Lambda 10: 0.8
Lambda 11: 1
Materials
Founda on- 1 Clay
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 16 kN/m³
Cohesion': 19 kPa
Phi': 0 °
Phi-B: 0 °
Pore Water Pressure
Piezometric Line: 1
Rock
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 20 kN/m³
Cohesion': 0 kPa
Phi': 34 °
Phi-B: 0 °
Pore Water Pressure
Piezometric Line: 1
Embankment
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 21.43 kN/m³
Cohesion': 10 kPa
Phi': 24.22 °
Phi-B: 0 °
Pore Water Pressure
Piezometric Line: 1
Prepared subgrade
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 21.43 kN/m³
Cohesion': 10 kPa
Phi': 24.22 °
Phi-B: 0 °
Pore Water Pressure
Piezometric Line: 1
Blanket
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 18 kN/m³
Cohesion': 0 kPa
Phi': 32 °
Phi-B: 0 °
Pore Water Pressure
Piezometric Line: 1
Ballast
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 18 kN/m³
Cohesion': 0 kPa
Phi': 40 °
Phi-B: 0 °
Pore Water Pressure
Piezometric Line: 1
Sleeper
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 24 kN/m³
Cohesion': 50 kPa
Phi': 40 °
Phi-B: 0 °
Pore Water Pressure
Piezometric Line: 1
Improved cohesion
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 16 kN/m³
Cohesion': 61 kPa
Phi': 0 °
Phi-B: 0 °
Pore Water Pressure
Piezometric Line: 1
Piezometric Lines
Piezometric Line 1
Coordinates
X (m) Y (m)
Coordinate 1 -20 0
Coordinate 2 15 0
Coordinate 3 72 0
Coordinate 4 100 0
Seismic Coefficients
Horz Seismic Coef.: 0.08
Vert Seismic Coef.: 0.04
Reinforcements
Reinforcement 1
Type: Geosynthe c
Outside Point: (15, 0.1) m
Inside Point: (72, 0.1) m
Slip Surface Intersec on: (40.69848, 0.1) m
Length: 57 m
Direc on: 180 °
F of S Dependent: Yes
Interface Adhesion: 0 kPa
Interface Shear Angle: 16 °
Surface Area Factor: 2
Resistance Reduc on Factor: 1.3
Force Distribu on: Distributed
Anchorage: Yes
Tensile Capacity: 200 kN
Reduc on Factor: 1.743
Force Orienta on: 0
Max. Pullout Force: 114.74469 kN
Pullout Force: 103.02011 kN
Pullout Force per Length: 83.617833 kN/m
Available Length: 31.30152 m
Required Length: 1.2320351 m
Governing Component: Tensile Capacity
Points
X (m) Y (m)
Point 1 14.8 0
Point 2 100 -6.5
Point 3 -20 -6.5
Point 4 -20 -30
Point 5 100 -30
Point 6 33.3 8.5
Point 7 53.7 8.5
Point 8 72.2 0
Point 9 35.3 9.5
Point 10 51.7 9.5
Point 11 36.5 10.1
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Regions
Material Points Area (m²)
Region 1 Rock 3,4,5,2,33,34 2,820
Region 2 Prepared subgrade 6,9,10,7 18.4
Region 3 Blanket 9,11,17,24,25,32,12,10 9.12
Region 4 Embankment 1,13,14,6,7,15,16,8 330.2
Region 5 Ballast 17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24 1.67
Region 6 Sleeper 19,20,21,22 0.56
Region 7 Ballast 25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32 1.67
Region 8 Sleeper 27,28,29,30 0.56
Region 9 Improved cohesion 1,8,33,34 373.1
Region 10 Founda on- 1 Clay 1,35,3,34 226.2
Region 11 Founda on- 1 Clay 8,36,2,33 180.7
Radius: 30.954679 m
Center: (21.644298, 24.489441) m
Slip Slices
Base Normal Fric onal Cohesive
X (m) Y (m) PWP (kPa)
Stress (kPa) Strength (kPa) Strength (kPa)
Slice
3.4668183 -0.54852351 5.3793701 22.548082 0 19
1
Slice
4.9779092 -1.5800716 15.495762 41.004832 0 19
2
Slice
6.489 -2.487551 24.395413 57.982835 0 19
3
Slice
8.000091 -3.2831921 32.198265 73.194053 0 19
4
Slice
9.5111818 -3.9764175 38.996726 86.40247 0 19
5
Slice
11.022273 -4.5745857 44.862962 97.438752 0 19
6
Slice
12.533364 -5.0834859 49.853747 106.20888 0 19
7
Slice
14.044455 -5.5076764 54.013782 112.69567 0 19
8
Slice
14.9 -5.7214198 56.109964 135.24732 0 61
9
Slice
15.8 -5.8976067 57.837829 148.11595 0 61
10
Slice
17.4 -6.1622445 60.433132 167.37535 0 61
11
Slice
19 -6.3416333 62.192398 183.46744 0 61
12
Slice
20.6 -6.4372606 63.130215 196.54269 0 61
13
Slice
22.2 -6.4499053 63.254221 206.84403 0 61
14
Slice
23.75 -6.3843839 62.611653 206.5897 0 61
15
Slice
25.233333 -6.247603 61.270243 204.29997 0 61
16
Slice
26.7 -6.0405362 59.239539 208.2998 0 61
17
Slice
28.166667 -5.7609819 56.497949 210.95874 0 61
18
Slice
29.633333 -5.4069014 53.025482 212.49432 0 61
19
Slice
31.1 -4.9756009 48.795718 213.0965 0 61
20
Slice
32.566667 -4.4636194 43.774715 212.9208 0 61
21
Slice
34.3 -3.7386364 36.664807 211.51467 0 61
22
Slice
35.9 -2.9789071 29.214142 209.46624 0 61
23
Slice
37.25 -2.2294629 21.864343 198.99929 0 61
24
Slice
38.6 -1.3984304 13.714407 188.32403 0 61
25
Slice
39.25 -0.97087538 9.5213748 193.25604 0 61
26
Slice 39.938661 -0.46815029 4.5911499 175.88548 0 61
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27
Slice
41.338661 0.62839146 -6.1626351 145.65835 65.522581 10
28
Slice
42.15 1.3009983 -12.75889 132.32847 59.526302 10
29
Slice
42.8 1.907314 -18.705028 118.16959 53.157107 10
30
Slice
43.55 2.6196607 -25.691013 101.95748 45.864294 10
31
Slice
44.3 3.4149241 -33.490161 92.302099 41.520941 10
32
Slice
44.95 4.1171406 -40.376798 83.841045 37.714842 10
33
Slice
45.7 5.0401286 -49.428541 69.250713 31.151564 10
34
Slice
47.1 6.9201283 -67.865698 40.383845 18.166166 10
35
Slice
47.85 8.0138683 -78.592007 24.170946 10.872997 10
36
Slice
48.024789 8.2966986 -81.365724 19.953745 8.9759418 10
37
Slice
48.438622 9 -88.263 7.6848533 3.4569348 10
38
Slice
48.889413 9.8 -96.1086 3.7095031 2.3179548 0
39
Slice
49.056235 10.109673 -99.145561 0.094130728 0.078985059 0
40
20 20
1.407
10 10
Elevation
Elevation
0 0
-10 -10
-20 -20
-30 -30
-20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Distance
CLIENT CONTRACTOR
Name: Embankment
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 21.43 kN/m³
Cohesion': 10 kPa
20 Phi': 24.22 ° 20
Piezometric Line: 1
10
0.985 10
Elevation
Elevation
0 0
-10 -10
-20 -20
-30 -30
-20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Distance
CLIENT CONTRACTOR
Slope Stability Analysis from 96+750 to 97+265 Seismic case wrt increased shear parameters
Name: Sleeper Name: Ballast Name: Blanket Name: Foundation- 1 Clay Name: Improved cohesion Name: Rock
Model: Mohr-Coulomb Model: Mohr-Coulomb Model: Mohr-Coulomb Model: Mohr-Coulomb Model: Mohr-Coulomb Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 24 kN/m³ Unit Weight: 18 kN/m³ Unit Weight: 18 kN/m³ Unit Weight: 16 kN/m³ Unit Weight: 16 kN/m³ Unit Weight: 20 kN/m³
Cohesion': 50 kPa Cohesion': 0 kPa Cohesion': 0 kPa Cohesion': 15 kPa Cohesion': 46 kPa Cohesion': 0 kPa
Phi': 40 ° Phi': 40 ° Phi': 32 ° Phi': 0 ° Phi': 0 ° Phi': 34 °
Piezometric Line: 1 Piezometric Line: 1 Piezometric Line: 1 Piezometric Line: 1 Piezometric Line: 1 Piezometric Line: 1
Name: Embankment
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 21.43 kN/m³
Cohesion': 10 kPa
20 Phi': 24.22 ° 20
Piezometric Line: 1
10
1.297 10
Elevation
Elevation
0 0
-10 -10
-20 -20
-30 -30
-20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Distance
CLIENT CONTRACTOR
Slope Stability Analysis from 96+750 to 97+265 Static case wrt increased shear parameters
Name: Sleeper Name: Ballast Name: Blanket Name: Foundation- 1 Clay Name: Improved cohesion Name: Rock
Model: Mohr-Coulomb Model: Mohr-Coulomb Model: Mohr-Coulomb Model: Mohr-Coulomb Model: Mohr-Coulomb Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 24 kN/m³ Unit Weight: 18 kN/m³ Unit Weight: 18 kN/m³ Unit Weight: 16 kN/m³ Unit Weight: 16 kN/m³ Unit Weight: 20 kN/m³
Cohesion': 50 kPa Cohesion': 0 kPa Cohesion': 0 kPa Cohesion': 15 kPa Cohesion': 46 kPa Cohesion': 0 kPa
Phi': 40 ° Phi': 40 ° Phi': 32 ° Phi': 0 ° Phi': 0 ° Phi': 34 °
Piezometric Line: 1 Piezometric Line: 1 Piezometric Line: 1 Piezometric Line: 1 Piezometric Line: 1 Piezometric Line: 1
Name: Embankment
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 21.43 kN/m³
Cohesion': 10 kPa
20 Phi': 24.22 ° 20
Piezometric Line: 1
10
1.135 10
Elevation
Elevation
0 0
-10 -10
-20 -20
-30 -30
-20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Distance
CLIENT CONTRACTOR
Slope Stability Analysis from 96+750 to 97+265 Seismic case wrt increased shear parameters
and basal reinforcement one at 100mm above EGL and other at 400mm above EGL
Name: Sleeper Name: Ballast Name: Blanket Name: Foundation- 1 Clay Name: Improved cohesion Name: Rock
Model: Mohr-Coulomb Model: Mohr-Coulomb Model: Mohr-Coulomb Model: Mohr-Coulomb Model: Mohr-Coulomb Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 24 kN/m³ Unit Weight: 18 kN/m³ Unit Weight: 18 kN/m³ Unit Weight: 16 kN/m³ Unit Weight: 16 kN/m³ Unit Weight: 20 kN/m³
Cohesion': 50 kPa Cohesion': 0 kPa Cohesion': 0 kPa Cohesion': 15 kPa Cohesion': 46 kPa Cohesion': 0 kPa
Phi': 40 ° Phi': 40 ° Phi': 32 ° Phi': 0 ° Phi': 0 ° Phi': 34 °
Piezometric Line: 1 Piezometric Line: 1 Piezometric Line: 1 Piezometric Line: 1 Piezometric Line: 1 Piezometric Line: 1
Name: Embankment
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 21.43 kN/m³
Cohesion': 10 kPa
20 Phi': 24.22 ° 20
Piezometric Line: 1
10
1.485 10
Elevation
Elevation
0 0
-10 -10
-20 -20
-30 -30
-20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Distance
CLIENT CONTRACTOR
Slope Stability Analysis from 96+750 to 97+265 Static case wrt increased shear parameters
and basal reinforcement one at 100mm above EGL and other at 400mm above EGL
04/06/2019 SLOPE/W seismic
SLOPE/W seismic
Report generated using GeoStudio 2016. Copyright © 1991-2017 GEO-SLOPE Interna onal Ltd.
File Informa on
File Version: 8.16
Last Edited By: Vivekananda KS
Revision Number: 443
Date: 04-06-2019
Time: 10:33:08
Tool Version: 8.16.5.15361
File Name: 7.2m.gsz
Directory: T:\7061466-CTP-11_TATA_Project\H - Deliverables\H3 - Calcula ons\2-Technical Stage\003
Geotechnical\Vivekananda\Design Stage\Embankment\96.25-97.265\Slope stability\Annexure-2\Slope W\96.75
to 97.265\
Last Solved Date: 04-06-2019
Last Solved Time: 10:33:16
Project Se ngs
Length(L) Units: Meters
Time(t) Units: Seconds
Force(F) Units: Kilonewtons
Pressure(p) Units: kPa
Strength Units: kPa
Unit Weight of Water: 9.807 kN/m³
View: 2D
Element Thickness: 1
Analysis Se ngs
SLOPE/W seismic
Kind: SLOPE/W
Method: Morgenstern-Price
Se ngs
Side Func on
Interslice force func on op on: Half-Sine
PWP Condi ons Source: Piezometric Line
Apply Phrea c Correc on: Yes
Use Staged Rapid Drawdown: No
Slip Surface
Direc on of movement: Right to Le
Use Passive Mode: No
Slip Surface Op on: Entry and Exit
Cri cal slip surfaces saved: 1
Resis ng Side Maximum Convex Angle: 1 °
Driving Side Maximum Convex Angle: 5 °
Op mize Cri cal Slip Surface Loca on: No
Tension Crack
Tension Crack Op on: (none)
F of S Distribu on
F of S Calcula on Op on: Constant
Advanced
Number of Slices: 30
F of S Tolerance: 0.01
Minimum Slip Surface Depth: 0.1 m
Search Method: Linear Search
Must Obtain Factor of Safety at Lambda: 0.2
Lambda
Lambda 1: -1
Lambda 2: -0.8
Lambda 3: -0.6
Lambda 4: -0.4
Lambda 5: -0.2
Lambda 6: 0
Lambda 7: 0.2
Lambda 8: 0.4
Lambda 9: 0.6
Lambda 10: 0.8
Lambda 11: 1
Materials
Founda on- 1 Clay
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 16 kN/m³
Cohesion': 15 kPa
Phi': 0 °
Phi-B: 0 °
Pore Water Pressure
Piezometric Line: 1
Rock
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 20 kN/m³
Cohesion': 0 kPa
Phi': 34 °
Phi-B: 0 °
Pore Water Pressure
Piezometric Line: 1
Embankment
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 21.43 kN/m³
Cohesion': 10 kPa
Phi': 24.22 °
Phi-B: 0 °
Pore Water Pressure
Piezometric Line: 1
Prepared subgrade
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 21.43 kN/m³
Cohesion': 10 kPa
Phi': 24.22 °
Phi-B: 0 °
Pore Water Pressure
Piezometric Line: 1
Blanket
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 18 kN/m³
Cohesion': 0 kPa
Phi': 32 °
Phi-B: 0 °
Pore Water Pressure
Piezometric Line: 1
Ballast
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 18 kN/m³
Cohesion': 0 kPa
Phi': 40 °
Phi-B: 0 °
Pore Water Pressure
Piezometric Line: 1
Sleeper
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 24 kN/m³
Cohesion': 50 kPa
Phi': 40 °
Phi-B: 0 °
Pore Water Pressure
Piezometric Line: 1
Improved cohesion
Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 16 kN/m³
Cohesion': 46 kPa
Phi': 0 °
Phi-B: 0 °
Pore Water Pressure
Piezometric Line: 1
Piezometric Lines
Piezometric Line 1
Coordinates
X (m) Y (m)
Coordinate 1 -20 0
Coordinate 2 15 0
Coordinate 3 72 0
Coordinate 4 100 0
Seismic Coefficients
Horz Seismic Coef.: 0.08
Vert Seismic Coef.: 0.04
Reinforcements
Reinforcement 1
Type: Geosynthe c
Outside Point: (20.8, 0.1) m
Inside Point: (66.2, 0.1) m
Slip Surface Intersec on: (43.851496, 0.1) m
Length: 45.4 m
Direc on: 180 °
F of S Dependent: Yes
Interface Adhesion: 0 kPa
Interface Shear Angle: 16 °
Surface Area Factor: 2
Resistance Reduc on Factor: 1.3
Force Distribu on: Distributed
Anchorage: Yes
Tensile Capacity: 300 kN
Reduc on Factor: 1.743
Force Orienta on: 0
Max. Pullout Force: 172.11704 kN
Pullout Force: 151.69291 kN
Pullout Force per Length: 56.576534 kN/m
Available Length: 22.348504 m
Required Length: 2.6811984 m
Governing Component: Tensile Capacity
Reinforcement 2
Type: Geosynthe c
Outside Point: (21.4, 0.4) m
Inside Point: (65.6, 0.4) m
Slip Surface Intersec on: (44.15019, 0.4) m
Length: 44.2 m
Direc on: 180 °
F of S Dependent: Yes
Interface Adhesion: 0 kPa
Interface Shear Angle: 16 °
Surface Area Factor: 2
Resistance Reduc on Factor: 1.3
Force Distribu on: Distributed
Anchorage: Yes
Tensile Capacity: 300 kN
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Points
X (m) Y (m)
Point 1 20.6 0
Point 2 100 -8
Point 3 -20 -8
Point 4 -20 -30
Point 5 100 -30
Point 6 33.3 5.6
Point 7 53.7 5.6
Point 8 66.4 0
Point 9 35.3 6.6
Point 10 51.7 6.6
Point 11 36.5 7.2
Point 12 50.5 7.2
Point 13 23 1.2
Point 14 24.5 1.2
Point 15 62.5 1.2
Point 16 64 1.2
Point 17 38 7.2
Point 18 39.2 7.8
Point 19 39.3 7.7
Point 20 39.3 7.5
Point 21 42.1 7.5
Point 22 42.1 7.7
Point 23 42.2 7.8
Point 24 43.4 7.2
Point 25 43.7 7.2
Point 26 44.9 7.8
Point 27 45 7.7
Point 28 45 7.5
Point 29 47.8 7.5
Point 30 47.8 7.7
Point 31 47.9 7.8
Point 32 49.1 7.2
Point 33 66.4 -8
Point 34 20.6 -8
Point 35 -20 0
Point 36 100 0
Regions
Material Points Area (m²)
Region 1 Rock 3,4,5,2,33,34 2,640
Region 2 Prepared subgrade 6,9,10,7 18.4
Region 3 Blanket 9,11,17,24,25,32,12,10 9.12
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Slip Slices
Base Normal Fric onal Cohesive
X (m) Y (m) PWP (kPa)
Stress (kPa) Strength (kPa) Strength (kPa)
Slice
5.0138241 -0.6785049 6.6540976 23.627236 0 15
1
Slice
6.5501589 -1.9458846 19.08329 45.105805 0 15
2
Slice
8.0864936 -3.0470034 29.881962 64.413157 0 15
3
Slice
9.6228284 -4.0041865 39.269057 81.462914 0 15
4
Slice
11.159163 -4.8336634 47.403737 96.19081 0 15
5
Slice
12.695498 -5.5475596 54.404917 108.56549 0 15
6
Slice
14.231833 -6.1550997 60.363063 118.59505 0 15
7
Slice
15.7 -6.6448302 65.16585 126.07093 0 15
8
Slice
17.1 -7.0298085 68.941332 131.27895 0 15
9
Slice
18.5 -7.3399498 71.982888 134.73924 0 15
10
Slice
19.9 -7.5777134 74.314635 136.55879 0 15
11
Slice
21.2 -7.7375778 75.882426 151.54715 0 46
12
Slice
22.4 -7.829879 76.787623 165.52952 0 46
13
Slice
23.75 -7.8698722 77.179837 168.25484 0 46
14
Slice 25.233333 -7.8447886 76.933842 171.07859 0 46
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15
Slice
26.7 -7.7438392 75.943831 180.24792 0 46
16
Slice
28.166667 -7.5667892 74.207502 187.84652 0 46
17
Slice
29.633333 -7.3121976 71.710722 194.0175 0 46
18
Slice
31.1 -6.9779273 68.432533 198.89331 0 46
19
Slice
32.566667 -6.5610507 64.344224 202.58762 0 46
20
Slice
34.3 -5.9466212 58.318514 204.98514 0 46
21
Slice
35.9 -5.2881455 51.860843 206.42628 0 46
22
Slice
37.25 -4.6239174 45.346758 197.54566 0 46
23
Slice
38.6 -3.8784694 38.036149 188.49699 0 46
24
Slice
39.25 -3.492323 34.249212 201.74109 0 46
25
Slice
40 -2.990441 29.327255 176.25194 0 46
26
Slice
41.4 -1.9857057 19.473816 158.16578 0 46
27
Slice
42.15 -1.4106477 13.834222 159.81167 0 46
28
Slice
42.8 -0.84911061 8.3272278 133.26898 0 46
29
Slice
43.55 -0.18878247 1.8513897 118.80115 0 46
30
Slice
43.725965 -0.024578985 0.24104611 132.56109 0 46
31
Slice
44.325965 0.57654314 -5.6541585 97.96603 44.068789 10
32
Slice
44.95 1.2065093 -11.832237 89.098003 40.079619 10
33
Slice
45.7 2.0703293 -20.303719 74.372256 33.455427 10
34
Slice
47.1 3.8329419 -37.589661 45.395362 20.420534 10
35
Slice
47.85 4.8599012 -47.661051 29.234846 13.150929 10
36
Slice
48.114485 5.2673223 -51.65663 22.410865 10.081246 10
37
Slice
48.62771 6.1 -59.8227 7.2672936 3.2691008 10
38
Slice
49.013225 6.7543735 -66.240141 4.6178022 2.8855231 0
39
Slice
49.179583 7.0543735 -69.182241 1.3588762 0.84912007 0
40
20 20
1.400
10 10
Elevation
Elevation
0 0
-10 -10
-20 -20
-30 -30
-20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Distance
CLIENT CONTRACTOR
Further details of this application and products can be obtained by contacting your nearest TenCate Technical Support Office.
Unauthorized reproduction and distribution is prohibited. This document is provided as supporting service only. The information contained in this document is to the best of our knowledge true and
correct. No warranty whatsoever is expressed or implied or given. Engineers wishing to apply this information shall satisfy themselves on the validity of the input data relative to the applicable
soil and engineering conditions and in doing so assume design liability.
300 601-td-02|19
at 120 years design life kN/m 699 839 979 1119
Further details of this application and products can be obtained by contacting your nearest TenCate Technical Support Office.
Unauthorized reproduction and distribution is prohibited. This document is provided as supporting service only. The information contained in this document is to the best of our knowledge true and
correct. No warranty whatsoever is expressed or implied or given. Engineers wishing to apply this information shall satisfy themselves on the validity of the input data relative to the applicable
soil and engineering conditions and in doing so assume design liability.
®
1. Mirafi® PET geotextiles design strengths and strains The initial tensile loads and strains of Mirafi PET high strength
® geotextiles can be represented by a single master curve
Mirafi PET high strength geotextiles are engineered materials
covering all grades. This master curve is shown in Figure 1. Here
suitable for short and long term soil reinforcement applications.
the ordinate value is expressed as a percentage of the initial
They are composed of high modulus polyester yarns, assembled
characteristic tensile strength, Tu. Because of the use of special
to form a directionally structured and stable geotextile that ®
high modulus PET yarns Mirafi PET high strength geotextiles
enables maximum load carrying efficiency.
®
exhibit tensile loads of 45% of the initial tensile strength at only
Mirafi PET high strength geotextiles are manufactured in a wide 5% strain which makes these materials very efficient in carrying
range of tensile strengths to suit different soil reinforcement tensile loads at relatively low strains.
conditions. Several standard assessment procedures exist to
®
determine the long term design strengths of Mirafi PET high 100
strength geotextiles. These rely on the application of material
reduction factors to the initial tensile strength of the
geosynthetic reinforcement in order to determine the
appropriate long term design strength. Such procedures are 80
standard practice in US Federal Highway Administration
documentation and well-recognised Codes of Practice such as
British Standard BS8006-1:2010.
Initial tensile load (% of Tu)
Figure 1. Initial tensile load – strain master curve for Mirafi PET high strength
not only affected by time (the design life of the reinforcement) but geotextiles.
also by temperature (the average in-ground temperature). In this
datasheet a standard in-ground temperature of 20°C is used as In prescribing suitable reinforcement strain limits to soil
this agrees with in-ground conditions in many parts of the world, reinforcement applications reference is normally made to
and can also be considered to be conservative for colder well-recognised Codes of Practice. For example, BS8006-1:2010
climates. prescribes a maximum reinforcement short term strain limit of
5% for basal reinforced embankments constructed on soft
2. Initial strengths and strains foundations. This means that the calculated reinforcement
design load must be carried at a reinforcement strain no greater
All geosynthetic reinforcement materials should be described in than 5%. As shown in the tables at the front of this datasheet and
terms of their characteristic initial strengths and not their mean ®
in Figure 1, Mirafi PET high strength geotextiles exhibit high
initial strengths. This ensures that the representation of initial tensile load carrying capabilities (45% of the characteristic initial
tensile strength is statistically safe. The initial tensile strengths of strength) at tensile strains of 5%.
®
Mirafi PET high strength geotextiles shown at the front of this
datasheet are expressed in terms of characteristic
(95th percentile) values, which are statistically safe values.
Design Strengths and Strains for TenCate Mirafi PET Geotextiles
®
3. Material reduction factor for creep effects, fcr where Tu and fcr are described in Equation 1. Values of TCR for the
®
various grades of Mirafi PET high strength geotextiles at three
Creep effects can influence the behaviour of geosynthetic
different reinforcement design lives are quoted at the front of this
reinforcements in two ways – by decreasing the rupture load
datasheet.
over time and by increasing the strain over time. Creep-rupture
effects are associated with ultimate limit states (i.e. collapse
modes) and are considered a limiting case where basal 4. Material reduction factor for installation damage
reinforced embankments constructed on soft foundations are effects, fid
concerned. When the reinforcement is installed and fill is compacted against
it some loss in strength can be experienced by the
The material reduction factor for creep-rupture fcr is derived from reinforcement. This loss in strength due to installation damage is
the creep-rupture curve of the geosynthetic reinforcement. The accounted for by use of the material reduction factor, fid. The
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creep-rupture curve for Mirafi PET high strength geotextiles is magnitude of the material reduction factor for installation
shown in Figure 2. This curve has been generated from a damage effects depends on the reinforcement bulk and the type
combination of long term and accelerated creep testing. For of fill being compacted against the reinforcement. Normally,
example, from Figure 2, the material reduction factor for installation damage tests are carried out on sites, or by large
creep-rupture at 120 yrs is fcr = 100%/70% = 1.43. Table 1 below scale laboratory testing, using different fill types.
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lists the creep-rupture material reduction factors for Mirafi PET
Mirafi PET high strength geotextiles exhibit material reduction
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high strength geotextiles at 10 yrs, 60 yrs and 120 yrs design lives.
Further interpretation of the creep-rupture curve in Figure 2 can factors for installation damage, the magnitude of which depends
yield creep-rupture reduction factors for other reinforcement on the grade of product and the type of fill used. For example,
when clay, silt or sand fill is compacted against Mirafi PET high
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design lives.
300 601-td-02|19
strength geotextiles values of fid range from 1.10 to 1.15. For
100 coarser fills the material reduction factor will be greater.
60
when installed in a wide range of soil environments. For PET
reinforcement to be used for long term design lives the US
40 Federal Highway Administration recommends that the PET
molecular weight ≥ 25,000 g/mol and Carboxyl End Group count
≤ 30 mmol/kg. Mirafi PET high strength geotextiles surpass
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design lives.
Table 1. Material reduction factors based on creep-rupture at 20°C for Mirafi ®
PET high strength geotextiles at three different reinforcement design at 10 yrs at 60 yrs at 120 yrs
lives.
fen 1.00 1.03 1. 06
at 10 yrs at 60 yrs at 120 yrs
fcr 1.37 1.41 1.43 References
BS8006-1:2010 Code of practice for strengthened/reinforced soils and
In some design codes, the creep limited strength of the other fills, British Standards Institution.
reinforcement based on creep-rupture TCR is quoted. TCR = Tu/fcr,