BATCH STATEMENTS

A batch is a collection T-SQL statements can be written and executed as a single unit.
A batch may be
1. Anonymous Batch/Name less Batch
2. Named Batch

1. Anonymous Batch/Name less Batch: Set of T-SQL statements can written and
executed as a single unit with out any proper name called Anonymous batch or
Nameless batch.

Variable: Variable is nothing but a memory element, which can be varied through out the
program execution.

Types of variable: In SQL Server there existed two types of variables.

1. Global Variables: These are the variables which can be accessible by any user,
any database, any function, any procedure. These variables are preceded by a special
symbol ‘@@’.These are also known as “Public variables”.

E.g.: SELECT @@SERVERNAME

SELECT @@VERSION
SELECT @@LANGUAGE
------------------------------
------------------------------------

2. Local Variables: These are the variables which can be accessible by particular
user, particular database, particular function, and particular procedure. These
variables are preceded by a special symbol ‘@’.These are also known as “Private
variables”.

Syntax to declare the local variables:

DECLARE @VARIABLENAME DATATYPE,…………

E.g.:
DECLARE @X INT,@Y VARCHAR(20)

Syntax to assign the values:

SET @VARIABLENAME=VALUE/EXPRESSION

E.g.:
SET @X=125
SET @Y=’NRSTT’
SET @C=@A+@B
 Print Statement: This statement is used for printing the output in result window

Syntax:
PRINT @VARIABLENAME/CONSTANT

E.g.:
PRINT @X
PRINT @Y
PRINT ‘SQLSERVER’

Comments: In SQL Server comment is nothing but a n un-executable statement we

can make a single line / multiple lines as comments

-- for single line comment

/*------------
------------*/ for multiple line comments

PROGRAMMING CONSTRUCTS: Programming constructs are used to execute the

set of SQL statements as a unit. These are also known as Control Structures.
1) IF – ELSE
2) BEGIN – END
3) WHILE

IF- ELSE: It is used to execute the statements based on condition.

Syntax : IF <CONDITION>
BEGIN
< STATEMENT 1>
END
ELSE
BEGIN
< STATEMENT 2>
END
If condition is true then statement1 is executed otherwise statement 2 will be executed

WHILE: If the condition is true then statements under while will be excluded repeatedly
until the given condition false

Syntax:
WHILE(CONDITION)
BEGIN
<STATEMENT1>
<STATEMENT1>
<STATEMENT1>
------------------
END
E.g.1:
DECLARE @A INT,@ INT,@C INT
SET @A=5
SET @B=10
SET @C=@A+@B
PRINT @C

E.g.2:
DECLARE @SI MONEY,@P MONEY,@N INT,@R FLOAT
SET @P=10000
SET @N=2
SET @R=0.5
SET @SI=@P*@N*@R/100
PRINT @SI

E.g.3:
DECLARE @A INT, @B INT,
SET @ A =5
SET @ B =10
IF(@A>@B)
PRINT ‘B IS BIG’
ELSE
PRINT ‘B IS BIG OR EQUAL TO A’

E.g.4:
DECLARE @A INT
SELECT @A=COUNT(*) FROM EMP
IF (@A>0)
PRINT ‘TABLE WILL HAVE RECORDS’
ELSE
PRINT ‘NO RECORD IN THE TABLE

E.g.5:
DECLARE @A VARCHAR(10)
SELECT @A= JOB FROM EMP WHERE EMPNO =7369
IF (@A=’CLERK’)
PRINT ‘EMPLOYEE WORKING AS CLERK
ELSE
PRINT ‘EMPLOYEE IS :’ +@A
E.g.6:
DECLARE @N INT,
SET @ N =1
WHILE(@N<=10)
BEGIN
PRINT @N
SET @N = @N+1
END

E.g.7:
DECLARE @N INT,
SET @ N =1
WHILE(@N<=10)
BEGIN
IF (@N/2=0)
PRINT @N
SET @N = @N+1
END