Legal English I

Paragraphs to practice

Legal systems around the world elaborate legal rights and responsibilities in different
ways. Civil law Jurisdictions and system make a basic distinction using common law. Some
countries have based their law on religious scripts, and scholars are investigating the
nature of law through many perspectives.

Equity is a body of rules developed in England separately from the common law. Judges
have administered the common law there. Equity came to operate more through principles
than rigid rules; whereas the common law and the civil law systems don’t allow people to
split the ownership of one piece of property.

Civil law is what most people call as law. It consist of things like constitutions, statues,
rules and regulations, treaties, and ordinances. The civil law always has to be followed by
the courts; a constitutional law cannot violate the rights of citizens.

Labor law relatives to the employment of workers. It regards fair labor standaras,
regulation of the work enviroment and negotiations with unions. Sometimes labor lawyers
represent their clients before government arbitration or in courts where the labor disputes
often end up.

Constitution is a group of laws under which a country is ruled or laws related to

government and its function. The freedom of each individual is guaranteed by the
country’s constitution. Most countries have written their constitutions, usually drafted by
lawyers.

An appeal is to ask a higher court to change a decision of a lower court. You appeal to a
court or against a decision, and the appeal is heard and then allowed or dismissed. The
person who appeals to a court is the appellant and that person who the judgement is
rendered is the appellee.

An agreement is a document setting out the contractual terms agreed between two
parties or contract between two parties where one party makes an offer, and the other
accepts it. There are different types of agreements: blanket agreement, exclusive
agreement, gentleman’s agreement etc.

A corporation is a legal person composed of one or more natural persons and it is an

entirely separate and distinct entity from the individual who compose it.
In a corporation its individual members legally lose their identity. A corporation may have
perpetual existance.
Constitution is the original law that sets up the framework for system of government and
to which the various branches of government must look for their power and authority.
Most countries have written constitutions, usually drafted by lawyers.

A crime is an illegal act which may result in prosecution and punishment by the state if the
accused is convicted. Generally, in order to be convicted of a crime, the accused must be
shown to have committed an unlawful act with a criminal state of mind.

Today, lawyers performing professional services in a negligent or in an incomplete manner

often are successfully sued by their clients. The era when lawyers would not testify as a
witness against other lawyers who were defendants in malpractice suits, is long past.

Civil Law is what most people call as law. It consists of things like constitutions, statutes,
rules and regulations, treaties and ordinances. The civil law always has to be followed by
the courts; A constitutional law cannot violate the rights of citizens.

A copyright prossesses the same quality of monopoly as a patent or trademark, but it

differs from both of them in that it applies exclusively to works of art. The holder of the
copyright is protected only in his form of expression.