 whoami are the accessed user accounts, the terminal name it is  ls -R will will display also the contents
also the contents of sub-directories
opened and the last date and time it is accessed.
 who in linux is the name of the active user.
 w command tells about the users who are logged in and what are
they doing
 id command tells about your user id, primary group id, and a list of
groups that belongs to you
 passwd is the command for changing the password of current user
 pwd keyword (print working directory) command displays your
location currently you are working on. It will give the whole path
starting from the root ending to the directory. It answers the question,
where is your current directory.
 ls is the list command in Linux. It will show the full list or content of
your directory. It answers the question, what is inside your current
directory
 ls -a In Linux, hidden files start with . (dot) symbol and they are not
visible in the regular directory. The (ls -a) command will enlist the
whole list of the current directory including the hidden files.
 ls -r will display the list in reverse order
 ls -l will show the list in a long list format.
 ls -lh will show you the file sizes in human readable format. Size of
the file is very difficult to read when displayed in terms of byte. The
(ls -lh) command will give you the data in terms of Mb, Gb, Tb, etc.
 ls --color=never and ls --color=auto are both styles in displaying the
list in the directory.
 ls ~ gives the content of the home directory
 ls ../ gives the content of the parent directory
 ls --version checks the version of the ls command.
 clear is the command to clear your terminal of any previous syntax
 The cd stands for 'change directory' and this command is used to
change the current directory i.e; the directory in which the user is
currently working. To change directory, the syntax is cd <directory>
wherein directory is the folder you want to open. You can check the
folders, files you can open in your current directory by using the ls
command.
 You can change the destination using absolute path. Absolute path
has to mention whole path starting from root. In changing destination
using absolute path, the path should be correct or else an error will
occur. Each directory is separated by /. “cd Desktop/Folder1/Folder2”
 mkdir stands for 'make directory'. With the help of mkdir command,
you can create a new directory wherever you want in your system.
 rmdir command is used to delete a directory. But will not be able to
delete a directory including a sub-directory. It means, a directory has
to be empty to be deleted.
 file * is used to list types of all the files.
 file <filename> will display the file type and details; where filename
a string variable of the name of the file (with its extension)
 file [range]* It will list out all the files starting from the alphabet
present within the given range. File [a-m]* will display all files
alphabetically that starts with letter a to m
 touch -t YYYYMMDDhhmm.ss <filename1> will create a file
<filename> by specifying the time. Wherein YYYY is the year, MM is
the month, DD is the date, hh is the hour, mm is the minutes, and ss
are the seconds.
 touch -a <filename> command with option 'a' is used to change the
access time of a file. By default, it will take the current time of your
system.
 touch -m <filename> command will help you to change only the
modification time of a file
 touch -r <filename1> <filename2> command will update time with
reference to the other mentioned command. The time of filename1
will be updated with the reference time of filename2.
 rm <filename> This command is used to remove a file.
 rm *<file extension> used to remove all the files ending with same
extensions. Wherein extension is a string variable of file extensions
like .pdf, .txt, .odt, .png, etc.
 rm -r <dirname> delete a directory having sub directories inside it.
So you don't need to delete sub-directories manually.
 The option 'i' stands for 'interactivity'. Before deleting a file it will ask
you whether you want to delete it or not. To delete a file use command
rm -i <filename> and to delete a directory use command rm -ri
<directory>
 The option ‘f’ in rm command deletes directory forcefully. It means a
file or directory will be deleted anyhow even if it has read-only
permission. To delete a file forcefully, use command rm -f
<filename>. To delete a directory forcefully, use command rm -rf
<directory>.
 cp <sourcename> <newname> is used to copy a file or directory.
Wherein sourcename is the file to be copied, while newname is the
name of the duplicate file
 cp <sourcename> <directory> is the command to copy a file into a
different directory. Wherein sourcename is the string variable of the
file to be copied, while directory is the string variable of the name of
the directory where the file will be copied
 cp -r <sourceDirectory> <destinationDirectory> is a command to
copy a directory and all its content to another directory. Wherein
sourceDirectory is the directory to be copied with all its contents,
whole destinationDirectory is the name of the directory where the
duplicate will be saved.
 cp *.<extension> <destinationDirectory> is a command to copy
multiple files into a destination at once. Wherein extension is the file
extensions to be copied, while destinantionDirectory is the name of
the directory where the duplicate will be saved.
 cp -i <filename> <destinationDirectory> allows you to confirm once
before overwriting your file. Wherein filename is the name of the file
to be copied, while the destinationDirectory is the name of the
directory where the duplicate file will be saved.
 cp -p <filename> <destinationDirectory> allows you to preserve
the properties and attributes of a file. Wherein filename is the name
of the file to be copied, while the destinationDirectory is the name of
the directory where the duplicate file will be saved.
 cp -u -v <filenames> <destinationDirectory> command is used
when you want to make sure that destination file is missing or doesn't
exist. Wherein filename is the name of the file to be copied, while the
destinationDirectory is the name of the directory where the duplicate
file will be saved.
 mv <filename> <newname> is used to move existing file or directory
from one location to another. It is also used to rename a file or
directory. Wherein filename is the name of a file while newname is a
newname of the file.
 mv -i <filename> <newname> will ask for permission first before
overwriting it. If you want to copy a file using 'mv' option and if that file
already exists then it will silently over write the existing file. But if you'll
use 'i' option then it will first ask for your permission to over write it.
Wherein filename is the name of a file while newname is a newname
of the file.
 The head <file name> command displays the starting content of a
file. By default, it displays starting 10 lines of any file. The head <file
name> <file name> command is use If we'll write two file names then
it will display first ten lines (in this case file has five lines only) of each
file separated by a heading.
 The head -n <number> <file name> displays specified number of
lines.
 The head -c <number> <file name> displays counts the number of
bytes of a file. If you'll use head -c<number>k <file name> then it
 will return the result by multiplying the number by suffix. Suffix can be
"b (bytes=512), k(kilobytes=1024) and m (megabytes=1048576)".
 The tail <file name> The 'tail' command displays the last lines of a
file. Its main purpose is to read the error message. By default, it will
also display the last ten lines of a file
 The tail -n <number> <file name> displays specified number of lines
from the last.
 The tail -c <number> <file name> displays the specified number of
bytes from the last
 The 'cat' command is the most universal and powerful tool. It is
considered to be one of the most frequently used command.
 The cat <fileName> can be used to display the content of a file.
 The cat > <fileName> command can be used to create a new file
with greater than sign
 The cat >> <file name> command with double greater than
sign (>>) append (add something in the last of a file) something in
your already existing file.
 cat <olderFilename> > <newerFilename> command can be used
to copy the content of a file into another file.
 cat <filename1> <filename2>.... > <newFilename> command can
be used to concatenate contents of multiple files in a single new file.
 cat - <filename1> <filename2>..> <newFilename> command
means a new line will be inserted while concatenating multiple files.
 cat -n <fileName> displays line numbers in front of each line in a file
 cat -b <fileName> option removes the empty lines.
 cat -e <fileName> option displays '$' sign at the end of every line
 cat > <filename> << EOF option displays end marker at the end of a
file. This is called here directive and file content will be saved at the
given end marker. Any word other than 'EOF' can be used for the end
marker.
