Activity No.

2
Acid-Base Titration

Objectives:
 Perform acid-base titration
 Determine the concentration of NaOH solution using a standard HCl solution.
Materials:

Sodium Hydroxide solution Iron Stand

0.100 M Hydrochloric Acid solution Burette clamp
10 mL Phenolphthalein (1% solution in alcohol) Two 250mL Erlenmeyer flasks
Distilled Water Graduated cylinder
Base burette or Mohr burette 5 mL Pipette
Acid burette or Geissler burette White paper

Estimated Time Frame: 40 minutes

Procedure:
1. Rinse the two clean burette once with distilled water. Then, rinse the base burette once with 5
mL NaOH solution, and the acid burette with 5 mL of 0.100 M HCl solution.
2. Position the burette in an iron stand using clamps.
3. Check the stopcocks. Make sure that they are closed. Fill the base burette with NaOH solution
and the acid burette with HCl solution just above the zero mark. With clean beakers under the
burettes, slowly open the stopcock to bring the NaOH and the HCl solutions to zero mark of each
burette. This will force any gas out of the burette and will ensure that the solutions fill the
burettes down to their tip. Record the initial reading of the NaOH solution in each burette.
4. Run down 20.0mL of 0.100M HCl to each of the Erlenmeyer flasks.
5. Add 2 to 3 drops of phenolphthalein to each flask. Take note of the color of the solution.
6. Carefully place one flask containing HCl under the base burette. Place the white paper under
the flask to easily observe any change in color.
7. Titrate the HCl with the NaOH by allowing the NaOH to flow dropwise to the HCl. Slowly and
constantly swirl the flask during the process. AS the titration reaches the endpoint, a temporary
pink spot forms in the HCl. Slow down the addition of NaOH and stop when a permanent faint
pink spot appears in the solution.
8. Record the volume reading in the base burette.
9. Make another trial using the other flask with HCl.
10. Calculate the molarity of the NaOH solution for each titration using the equation below,
HCl + NaOH → NACl + H2O
 11. Waste disposal: pour the used and excess solution in the designated bottles provided by your
teacher. DO NOT pour them down the sink.

Course: General Chemistry 002 Experiment No:

Group No.: Section: SHS 12 STEM A16
Group Members: Date Performed: 02-27-19
Eleria, Gino Douson Date Submitted: 03-06-19
Ibañez, Bianca Mae Instructor: Sir Raymund Hernandez
Lopez, Alexzandru Hugo
Ramirez, Eliana Mari
Relucio, Joshua
Sabornido, Jeffrey
Sy, Inno Dominic
Villamil, Mark Brian

Data:

0.100 m HCl solution
Volume used (per flasks), mL
Concentration, M
NaOH solution
Initial burette reading, mL
Final B = burette reading, mL
Volume used, mL
Computed concentration of NaOH, M
Trial 1
20 mL 0.100 M HCl solution
Initial B = 1 mL NaOH
Final B = 6 mL NaOH
Volume used = 5 mL NaOH
0.4 M NaOH
Trial 2
20 mL 0.100 M HCl solution
Initial B = 6 mL NaOH
Final B = 15 mL NaOH
Volume used = 9 mL NaOH
0.2 M NaOH

Average concentration of NaOH, M

0.3 M NaOH

Computations:
Trial 1: Trial 2:
Given: Va = 20 mL HCl solution Given: Va = 20 mL HCl solution
Ma = 0.100 M HCl solution Ma = 0.100 M HCl solution
Vb = 5 mL NaOH Vb = 9 mL NaOH
Unknown: Mb = molar concentration of NaOH Unknown: Mb = molar concentration of NaOH
Solution: Va Ma = Vb Mb Solution: Va Ma = Vb Mb
𝑉𝑎 𝑀𝑎 𝑉𝑏 𝑀𝑏 𝑉𝑎 𝑀𝑎 𝑉𝑏 𝑀𝑏
= =
V𝑏 𝑉𝑏 V𝑏 𝑉𝑏
 𝑉𝑎 𝑀𝑎 𝑉𝑎 𝑀𝑎
𝑀𝑏 = 𝑀𝑏 =
𝑉𝑏 𝑉𝑏

(20 mL HCl ) (0.100 M ) (20 mL HCl ) (0.100 M )

𝑀𝑏 = 𝑀𝑏 =
5 mL NaOH 9 mL NaOH

CA: Mb = 0.4 M NaOH CA: Mb = 0.22222222222 M NaOH

FA: Mb = 0.4 M NaOH FA: Mb = 0.2 M NaOH

Conclusion:
The concentration of the NaOH solution can be determined by performing the acid-base titration that
balances the product of the concentration and volume of acid and the concentration and volume of
base. By determining if the solution has undergone titration, the missing value of the concentration of
NaOH can be easily derived from the formula.

Post-Laboratory Questions:
Name of Member Who
Answered the Question
1. Eleria, Gino Douson
Ibañez, Bianca Mae
Ramirez, Eliana Mari
2.
a. Lopez, Alexzandru Hugo
Questions
If instead of using HCl solution, you used HN03 with the same volume
and concentration as HCl, would you use the same volume of NaOH to
reach the endpoint? What about using H2SO4? Justify your answer
NaOH + HCl = NaCl + H2O
NaOH + HNO3 = Na NO3 + H2O
Both HCl and HNO3 are both monobasic acids which means they
release 1 H per molecule. The use of acid will be the same while in
2NaOH + H2SO4 = NaSO4 + 2H2O
H2SO4 + is a dibasic acid which releases 2H+ per molecule. The
hydroxide volume will be 2 times greater than the HCl and HNO3
How will each of the following sources of error affect the computed
concentration of the NaOH solution?
a. The acid burette is contaminated with basic solution.
In a case wherein the acid burette is contaminated with a basic
solution, the concentration of the acid will change. It will den be
difficult for the students to perform the titration process.

b. Villamil, Mark Brian
c. Sabornido, Jeffrey
b. There is air at the top of the base burette before titration.
The volume of the air is counted as part of the volume of the solution.
When you read the measurement during titration, the actual volume
needed to neutralize for the solution is less. The measure of the
volume will be off a bit because the volume of the air was counted.
c. A small amount of the acid solution was spilled while transferring it
to the Erlenmeyer flask.
The small amount of acid solution spilled will change the overall
volume of the whole solution. Also, the desired outcome will not
achieve since both the solutions need to neutralize each other, with
 the loss of small amount of titrant. Therefore, the unbalanced solution
will occur.

3. Relucio, Joshua R.
Sy, Inno Dominic
What is the concentration (in molarity) of a 25.0mL CH3COOH solution
that requires 30.50 mL of the NaOH solution used in this activity?
Given: V (CH3COOH) = 25.0 mL Unknown: M(CH3COOH)
V (NaOH) = 30.50 mL
M (NaOH) = 1 M

CH3COOH + NaOH -----> CH3COONa + H2O

Solution: M (CH3COOH) x V (CH3COOH) = M (NaOH) x V (NaOH)
M (NaOH) 𝑥 𝑉 (𝑁𝑎𝑂𝐻)
M (CH3COOH) =
V (CH3COOH)

1 M 𝑥 𝑉 30.50 𝑚𝐿
M (CH3COOH) =
25.0 mL

Answer: M (CH3COOH) = 1.22 𝑀

APPENDIX OF RESULTS
COLLECTION OF COLORED PICTURES THAT SHOW THE SET-UP

TRIAL 1 TRIAL 2 All materials

These materials served their
As 5 mL of NaOH is combined
As 9 mL of NaOH is combined different purposes. Erlenmeyer
with the HCL, the solution turns
with the HCL, the solution turns flask serves as a holder to the
into permanent light pink.
into permanent light pink. It can aqueous solution which is HCl.
Estimating the amount of NaOH
be observed through swirling Burette clamp holds the burette
to be added on the HCl solution
the mixture and placing it which is where NaOH is placed.
consists of methods of swirling
directly above a white paper to The dropper serves as a
and placing it directly above a
see the color. medium for dropping 3 droplets
white paper.
of phenolphthalein in HCl
 HCl
In the experiment of acid-
base titration, the strong
acid is HCl and it is placed in
the Erlenmeyer flask with a
constant amount of 20 mL.
Then, 3 drops of
phenolphthalein is added to
it. When the strong base
(NaOH) comes in contact to
the strong acid, the HCl
reacts with the base. It
means the solution is
neutralizing. The strong acid
is the one with the one with
constant volume because it
is the one that is needed to
be neutralized by the base
NaOH Phenolphtalein
NaOH is considered to be a
strong base compound that has
a high abundance of OH-ions
because each mole of sodium
Phenolphthalein turns colorless
hydroxide dissolves to give a
in acidic solutions and pink in
mole of hydroxide ions in
basic solutions. If it turns pink, it
solutions. Since it is a base
means it is exposed to a
compound, when it is mix
basic/alkaline solution.
together with an acid
compound, like HCl, the
solution tends to undergo
‘Neutralization’ process

FLOWCHART OF THE PROCEDURE
1. Rinse the burette and the
Flask to be used
2. Position the burette in an iron
stand using clamps and check
the stopcocks if it is closed
Group Picture
3. Pour 25 mL of sodium
hydroxide to the burette
4. Using a graduated cylinder,
measure 20 mL of HCl and
pour it into the Erlenmeyer
flask
5. Add 3 drops of 7. Place it in the paper
phenolphthalein to the provided when it
flask. reaches permanent
light pink.
6. Position the flask
8. Record the data
under the burette and
and compute based
open the stopcock to
on the information
allow the NaO4 to drop
needed in the table.
in the flask. Constantly
Conduct one more
swirl the flask and check
trial.
if the solution turns
pink.
Assessment (Rubric for Laboratory Performance):

TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES

RUBRIC FOR LABORATORY PERFORMANCE

CRITERIA BEGINNER ACCEPTABLE PROFICIENT SCORE
1 2 3
I. Laboratory Skills
Manipulative Members do not Members occasionally Members always
Skills demonstrate needed demonstrate needed demonstrate needed
skills skills. skills.
Experimental Members are unable Members are able to set-
Members are able to
Set-up to set-up the up the materials with set-up the material
materials. supervision. with minimum
supervision.
Process Skills Member do not Members occasionally Members always
demonstrate demonstrate targeted demonstrate targeted
targeted process process skills. process skills.
skills.
Safely Members do not Members follow safety Members follow
Precautions follow safety precautions most of the safety precautions at
precautions. time. all times.
II. Work Habits
Time Members do not Members finish on time Members finish ahead
Management finish on time with with incomplete data. of time with complete
/ Conduct of incomplete data. data and time to revise
Experiment data.
Cooperative Members do not Members have defined Members are on tasks
and know their tasks and responsibilities most of and have defined
Teamwork have no defined the time. Group conflicts responsibilities at all
responsibilities. are cooperatively times. Group Conflicts
Group conflicts have managed most of the are cooperatively
to be settled by the time. managed at all times.
teacher.
Neatness and Messy workplace Clean and orderly Clean and orderly
Orderliness during and after the workplace with workplace at all time
experiment. occasional mess during during and after the
and after the experiment.
experiment.
Ability to do Members require Members require Members do not need
independent supervision by the occasional supervision to be supervised by
work teacher. by the teacher. the teacher.
TOTAL SCORE
Other Comments / Observations: RATING =
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑠𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑒
𝑥 100
(24)