Experiment 7

Aim: To analyze the given salt and identify the anion and cation present in it.

S.N EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE

O
Preliminary Test
1. COLOUR White Absence of copper,
The Colour of given cobalt,iron,nickel,
salt is noted. manganese.
2. APPEARANCE Crystalline Absence of carbonate
The appearance of the
given salt is noted
3. SOLUBILITY IN WATER
A little of the given salt
is dissolved in distilled Soluble Absence of Carbonate
water in a test tube
4. ODOUR No characteristic Absence of acetate
odour and ammonium salts.
ANION ANALYSIS
5. ACTION OF
DIL.SULPHURIC ACID
To a little of the substance No characteristic Absence of
taken in a test tube a few reaction Carbonate,sulphite,nit
drops of dil. Sulphuric acid rite and sulphide.
is added .
6. ACTION OF Reddish brown May be nitrate or
CONC.SULPHURIC ACID vapors are bromide.
To a little of the substance evolved. NO3--, Br-
taken in a test tube a few
drops of conc. Sulphuric acid
is added and warmed.
7. SILVER NITRATE TEST A pale yellow ppt Presence of Bromide
To salt solution add dil nitric partially soluble is confirmed.
acid and silver nitrate solution. in NH4OH is Br-
 obtained
8. To the salt add 1ml of CHCl3 Brown/orange Presence of Bromide
and 2ml of chlorine water and layer is formed. is confirmed.
shake well. Br-
CATION ANALYSIS
Original solution is prepared
by dissolving the salt in water
9. ZEROGROUP(AMMONIU
M) No characteristic Absence of
To a little of the salt sodium reaction ammonium
hydroxide solution is added Salts
and heated NH4+
10 I GROUP (LEAD)
To a little of the original No characteristic Absence of I group
solution dil. HCI is added. reaction Pb2+
11. II GROUP (COPPER)
To a little of the original No characteristic Absence of II group
solution dil. HCI and reaction Cu2+
Hydrogen sulphide are added.
12. III GROUP (ALUMINIUM,
IRON)
To a little of the original Gelatinous white Presence of III
solution ammonium chloride ppt is obtained. group(may be Al3+)
and ammonium hydroxide
are added.
13. CONFIRMATORY TEST White ppt soluble
To the salt Solution add in excess sodium Presence of
sodium hydroxide solution. hydroxide is aluminium is
obtained. . confirmed.
Al3+
14. To the salt solution add blue Blue ppt floating Presence of
litmus followed by ammonium in colorless aluminium is
hydroxide solution. solution is seen. confirmed.
Al3+
Result: The anion present in the given salt is bromide (Br-) and cation is Al+3.

The salt is Aluminium bromide AlBr3.

(Please note below equations for cations and anion to be written on the blank
page of the journal with pencil.)

Equations:
Al3+

1 Al3+ + 3OH-  Al(OH)3 ↓

.
White ppt
2 Al3+ + H2O + NH4Cl  Al(OH)3 ↓ + NaCl + NH3
.
Br--

1 2Br-- + H2SO4  2HBr + SO42--

.
HBr + [O]  Br2 ↑ + H2O
From conc H2SO4 Brown
2 Br-- + AgNO3  AgBr ↓ + NO3--
.
3 2Br-- + Cl2  Br2 + 2Cl--
.