STUDIES ON FALSE SMUT (Ustilaginoidea virens) AND KERNEL

SMUT (Tilletia barclayana) OF RICE (Oryza sativa L.)

THESIS

Submitted to the Guru Kashi University

In partial fulfillment of the requirements
For the degree of

MASTER OF SCIENCE

IN

PLANT PATHOLOGY

By

LAKHWINDER SINGH
Roll No - 175091012

DEPARTMENT OF PLANT PATHOLOGY

UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
GURU KASHI UNIVERSITY
 TALWANDI SABO (BATHINDA)
2019

GURU KASHI UNIVERSITY

DEPARTMENT OF PLANT PATHOLOGY
UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
TALWANDI SABO (BATHINDA)

CERTIFICATE-I
This is to certify that the thesis entitled, “Study the effect of sowing date and weather
parameters on False smut (Ustilaginoidea virens) and Kernel smut (Tilletia barclayana) of
rice” (Oryza sativa L.) submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of
Master of Science in Agriculture (Plant Pathology) to the Guru Kashi University, Talwandi
Sabo (Bathinda) is a faithful record of bonafied research work carried out by Mr. Lakhwinder
Singh (175091012) under my guidance and supervision. It is of sufficiently high standard to
warrant its presentation for the award of the said degree.

I also certify that the thesis or part thereof has not been previously submitted by him for a
degree of any university.

Place: Talwandi Sabo (Dr. Bahaderjeet Singh Sidhu)

Date: (Major Advisor)
Department of Plant Pathology
Guru Kashi University
Talwandi Sabo-151302
 GURU KASHI UNIVERSITY
DEPARTMENT OF PLANT PATHOLOGY
UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
TALWANDI SABO (BATHINDA)

CERTIFICATE- II
This is to certify that the thesis entitled, “Study the effect of sowing date and weather
parameters on False smut (Ustilaginoidea virens) and Kernel smut (Tilletia barclayana) of
rice (Oryza sativa L.)” submitted by Lakhwinder Singh (175091012) to the Guru Kashi
University, Talwandi Sabo (Bathinda), in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of
Master of Science in Agriculture (Plant Pathology) has been approved by the Student’s
Advisory Committee after viva-voce examination in collaboration with external examiner.

_______________________ _______________________

(Dr. Bahaderjeet Singh Sidhu) External Examiner

Major Advisor

_______________________

(Dr. Sham Singh Dhillon)

Dean,
University College of Agriculture

______________________

Dean, Research
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

A successful venture is not only the effort of an individual but also an artistic creation with the
help of eminent people. I have faced both weal and woe, but the inspiration and guidance
provided by my teachers, parents and friends have helped to give a shape to my work.
It is my privilege to express my deep sense of gratitude and indebtedness to my major
advisor Dr. Bahaderjeet Singh Sidhu, Asstt. Professor, Department of Plant Pathology,
University College of Agriculture, Guru Kashi University, Talwandi Sabo (Bathinda), for his
inspiring guidance and constant encouragement in planning and execution of the study and
research work, which helped me to successfully complete the work on time. He had been very
kind to me in extending all possible help and providing facilities for the completion of the
research work as well as in the preparation of this manuscript. His patience and persistence
became an ideal for me.
I am extremely thankful to the Advisory committee, namely, Dr. J. S. Brar, Dr. B. S.
Sidhu, Dr. B. S. Chahil, Dr. A. S. Sidhu, Dr. D. Singh and Dr. Sham Singh Dhillon Dean
University College of agriculture for their management, valuable suggestions and co-operation
throughout the course of my investigation.
I would like to show my gratitude to the Dr. Anita Arora, Assistant Plant Pathologist,
Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana and Mrs. Poonam Burman (Co-Advisor) for their
kind counsel, interest and useful suggestions which helped me to carry out this investigation. I
am also thankful to other teachers in the department, for their constant encouragement and
moral support.
I would also like to thanks Dr. R.K. Pal, Assistant Agrometeorologist, Punjab
Agricultural University, and Regional Research Station, at Bathinda for providing
meteorological data for my research work.
Finally, I must express my profound gratitude to my respected parents, Sh. Jiwan Singh,
Smt. Amarjit kaur and my whole family for providing me moral support and encouragement
throughout the process of researching. This accomplishment would not have been possible
without them. I am also thankful to my lovely friends Gurpreet singh, Yadwinder singh,
Prabhpreet singh, Davinder singh, Gagandeep singh, Ranveer Bahmbu and Mukesh sharma.
Thank You.
 I gratefully acknowledge the teaching fellowship from the Guru Kashi University during
the period of study.
Place: Talwandi Sabo

Dated:

Title of the Thesis : Studies on False smut (Ustilaginoidea virens) and Kernel smut
Tilletia barclayana) of rice

Name of the student : Lakhwinder Singh

Registration No. : 175091012

Major Subject : Plant Pathology

Name and Designation of : Dr. Bahaderjeet Singh Sidhu

Major Advisor : Head, Department of Plant Pathology

Degree to be Awarded : Master of Science

Year of Award of Degree : 2018- 2019

Total Pages in Thesis : 68 + VITA

Name of University : Guru Kashi University,Talwandi Sabo- 151302, Punjab

 ABSTRACT

Field experiments were undertaken to determine the effect of weather parameters, sowing dates
on the incidence and severity of False smut and Kernel smut diseases in different varieties of
rice. During Kharif season 2018 observed that the false smut disease incidence and severity in all
three sowing dates varied and it increased steadily with delay in sowing. Among three sowing
dates, the maximum disease incidence (27.49%) and severity (12.0%) with variety Pusa44
(Susceptible), followed by variety PR127 (Moderately Susceptible) with disease incidence
(15.21%) and severity (11.3%) on late sowing. The disease incidence was more favourable at
temperature (29.7°C), relative humidity (79.8%) and with no or low rainfall at late sowing but
Kernel smut show the maximum disease incidence (26.93%) and severity (47.18%) with variety
PR127 (Susceptible), followed by variety Pusa44 (Moderately Susceptible) with disease
incidence (17.93%) and severity (20.37%) on early sowing. The disease incidence was more
favourable at temperature (34.1°C), relative humidity (82.6%) and with high rainfall (94mm) at
early sowing. The maximum incidence of false smut was found when crop get flowered during
October to November and kernel smut incidence was more in August to September. Tilt 25EC
(Propiconazol) and Nativo 75WG (Tryfloxystrobin + Tebuconazole) at all tested concentration
followed by Baan 75WP (Tricyclazole) @250ppm evaluated as best fungicide show 100% zone
of mycelium inhibition in vitro condition. The remaining tested fungicide treatments were less
effective but superior over control.
 ABBREVIATIONS

/ - Per
% - Per cent
@ - At the rate of
L.S.D. - Least Significant Difference
cm - Centimetre (s)
SPD - Split Plot Design
Conc. - Concentration (s)
e.g. - Exampli Gratia (for Example)
et al. - and others
etc. - Etcetera
Fig. - Figure (s)
gm - Gram
ha - Hectare (s)
hr - Hour (s)
i.e. - That is
in vitro - in lab conditions
in vivo - on the live host
Kg - Kilogram (s)
m - meter (s)
Max. - Maximum
mg - miligram
Min. - Minimum
ml - milliliter
mm - millimeter
No. - Number (s)
°C - degree Celsius
NaOH - Sodium Hydroxide
PDA - Potato Dextrose Agar
PDYA - Potato Dextrose Yeast Agar
PSA - Potatp Sucrose Agar
PSYA - Potato Sucrose Yeast Agar
spp. - Species
BOD - Biological Oxygen Demand
spp. - Species
T - Treatment
viz., - videlicet (namely)
pH - Log H+ ion concentration
sec - Seconds
U. Virens - Ustilaginoidea virens
T. barcalyana - Tilletia barcalayana
 D - Date of sowing
DS - Disease Severity
DI - Disease severity

CONTENT

S. No. Title Page No.

1. Introduction 1-2

2. Review of Literature 3-11

3. Material and Methods 12-21

4. Results & Discussion 22-52

5. Summary & Conclusion 53-55

6. References 56-68
 LIST OF TABLES

Table No. Title Page No.

3.1 Disease reaction of U. virens and T. barclayana 18

with different varieties at Early, Mid and Late

sowing
3.2 List of chemicals used in chemical control of U. 20

virens and T. barclayana

4.1 Disease Incidence of U. Virens at different 32

sowing time
4.2 Disease Severity of U. virens at different sowing 32

times
4.3 Disease Incidence of T.barclayana at different 34

sowing times
4.4 Disease Severity of T.barclayana at different 34

sowing times
4.5 Effect of weather conditions on Ustilaginoidea 43

virens and Tilletia barlayana

4.6 Ustilaginoidea virens growth on different media 43

in vitro
4.7 Tilletia barclayana growth on different media in 25
vitro

4.8 Effect of fungicides on U.virens at different 47

concentration
4.9 Effect of fungicides on T. barclayana at different 47

concentration
 LIST OF SLIDES

SLIDE No. Title Page No.

1 Microscopic study of Ustilaginoidea 30
virens and Tilletia barclayanan
 LIST OF FIGURES

Table No. Title Page No.

4.1 Disease Incidence of False smut and Kernel smut 35

of rice at early, mid and late sowing

4.2 Disease Severity of False smut and Kernel smut 36

of rice at early, mid and late sowing

4.3 False smut disease reaction of varieties at 36

different sowing time

4.4 Kernel smut disease reaction of varieties at 36
different sowing time

4.5 Effect of different environmental conditions on 40

incidence of false smut at different flowering

time
4.6 Effect of different environmental conditions on
incidence of Kernel smut at different flowering
time
4.7 Effect of Yeast on the U. virens in vitro 44

4.8 Effect of yeast on the growth of T. barlayana in 44

vitro

4.9 Effect of different fungicides on U. virens in 48

vitro
4.10 Effect of different fungicides on U. virens in 48

vitro

LIST OF PLATES
PLATE No. Title Page No.

1 Symptoms: a False Smut; b Kernel Smut 23

2 Development stages of false smut in the field 24

3 Morphological study of Ustilaginoidea virens and 27

Tilletia barlayana

4 Effect of yeast on the growth of Ustilaginodea virens 42

5 Effect of Trifloxystrobin + Tebuconazole on mycelial 49

growth of U.virens

6 Effect of Carbendazim+Mancozeb on mycelial growth 49

of U.virens

7 Effect of Carbendazim on mycelial growth of U.virens 50

8 Effect of Tricylazole on mycelial growth of U.virens 50

9 Effect Propiconazole on mycelial growth of T. 51

barcalyana
10 Effect of Carbendazim+Mancozeb on mycelial growth 51
of T. barcalyana

11 Effect of Carbendazim on mycelial growth of T. 52

barcalyana

12 Effect of Tricyclazole on mycelial growth of T. 52

barcalyana