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(i) Draw arrows in the three small boxes in the diagram above to show the direction of energy flow. [1]
(ii) In the large circle on the right of the diagram draw or name an organism that could be the next link
in this chain. [1]
(iii) For this chain name:
1. the producer …………………………..
2. a consumer …………………………..
3. the source of all the energy ………………………….. [3]
3 Look at the diagram of a plant.
(a) (i) Label on the diagram at X the source of energy and, at Y and Z, the two substances that
combine in photosynthesis. [3]
(ii) In order to grow properly, the plant needs a further group of substances from the soil. Name this
group of substances.
......................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(iii) Other than lack of these substances, in what other ways may soils be poor for plant growth?
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......................................................................................................................................................... [2]
(b) (i) This plant is part of a food chain, such as:
In this chain there are producers and consumers. Complete the table below stating whether each part
of the food chain is a producer or a consumer.
(i) How many species in total have been introduced into Europe between 1910 and 2010?
...............................................species [1]
(ii) Compare the trends shown by alien producers and alien consumers.
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......................................................................................................................................................... [2]
(iii) Suggest the effect that introducing alien producers might have on food webs in an ecosystem.
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......................................................................................................................................................... [3]
(iv) Suggest how the introduction of alien species could be reduced.
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......................................................................................................................................................... [2]