Basic Eng. 1

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INTRODUCTION
By learning English we are able to comunicate and
write in any aspect life at era globalization. Most
students are passive in speaking because they do not
practice it to each other during English class or
speaking with their instructor, classmates or with
anyone at any occasion outside campus activities.
Most of students always argue that they are
embarrassed to speak because of fear of being wrong
or fear of ridicule. This perception is absolutely wrong.
If we expect to be fluently in speaking a foreign
language we should practice it in speaking and we
certainly would make many errors.
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It’s very reasonable because it is not our own
language. When we practice it regularly, we can gain
knowledge by listening to our opponents to speak and
we can realize the mistakes that sometime we do and
then try to fix it on other occasions. From now on
start speaking to your classmates and your instructor
and do not hesitate to speak with strangers wherever
you meet. Try to use words that are taught polite and
stay confident that you'll be fine.
By: Silfanus Lafina, SE, MM.)
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LESSON 1: Grammar: Part of Speech
OBJECTIVES
At the end of this season, students will be able to:
 Build a good foundation of grammar and

vocabulary to enable them to communicate well.
 Start, and respond to, a conversation with
confidence; and
 Developed good paragraph that would also
improve their conversational skills.
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SUBJECTS :
SINGULAR &PLURAL NOUNS
PERSONAL PRONOUN
ARTICLES
DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUN
VERB
 a. Regular Verb
 b. Irregular Verb
 c. Infinitive
SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE
PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE
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1.1. NOUN
Noun is the name of the person, animal, place, thing,
idea or emotion.
1. Person : wife, girl, man, people, John, Maria, Jane
etc.
2. Place : office, house, ocean, classroom, England,
Jakarta, Pangendaran etc.
3. Thing : cup, food, rice, three, fruit, mango, car etc.
4. Animal : cow, wolf, cat, monkey, chicken, snake etc.
5. Ideas/ Emotions : hunger, beauty, sorrow, love,
sadness, excitement etc.
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Can be used as the Subject (S) of a sentence.
Examples:
 Aminah likes ice cream
(S)
The hen ate the corn
(S)
The police caught the robber.
(S)
My parents live in Solo
(S).
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Can be used as the object (O) of a sentence.
Examples:
 Aminah likes ice cream
(O)
The hen ate the corn
(O)
The police caught the robber.
(O)
My parents live in Solo
(O).
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1.1.1. Countable and Uncountable Nouns
 Countable Nouns : nouns that we can count.
 Uncountable Noun : nouns that we cannot
Countable Noun
count. Example
boy class One student is absent from class

today.
chair library That boy is my brother.
room student She goes to the library everyday

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Uncountable Example
Noun
sugar money Her hair is very long
water paper We must drink water everyday
hair knowledge There is a lot of information in the

information internet.
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Most countable nouns have singular and plural

forms.
Singular : refers to one noun.

Plural : refers to more than one nouns.
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Singular Plural Rules
boy, file, animal Boys, files, animals Add ‘s’
box, class, match Boxes, classes, matches Add ‘es’ to noun ending in ‘sh’, ‘ch’, ‘s’
and ‘x’.
baby, library, university Babies, libraries, universities If a noun ends with a ‘y’, and there is a
vowel (a, e, i, o, u) before it, change
the ending to ‘ies’ except: boys, days,
guys, donkeys.
wife, knife, leaf, shelf Wives, knives, leaves, shelves If a noun ends with ‘fe’ and ‘f’, change
the ending to ‘ves’ except for roofs,
chiefs, beliefs
woman, tooth, child, Women, teeth, children, oxen These are irregular nouns. The plural
ox forms do not follow any of the rules
given above
sheep, deer Sheep, deer These noun have the same singular and
plural forms
People, cattle These nouns do not have singular form.
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Example:
• Many students are playing in the field

• There are a lot of boxes in the storeroom
• Jakarta has many universities.
• Anwar has four children.
• There are a lot of sheep grazing in the field
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1.1.2. Possessive Form of Noun
 The possessive form of the noun is used for a
person or an animal
Example: Meaning:
Norman’s office The office belongs to Norman
The baby’s toys The toys belong to the baby
My parent’s car The car belongs to my parents.
The men’s shirts The shirts belong to the men

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• The possessive form of the noun is not used for
non-living things.
Correct Form Incorrect Form
the leg of the table The table’s leg
the roof of the house The house’s roof
the lock of the cupboard The cupboard’s lock
the cover of the book The book’s cover
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1.2. Pronoun
Personal Pronoun : Words that take the place of noun
Subject Pronouns : are used to replace nouns which are the
subject (S) of a sentence.
Object Pronouns: are used to replace noun which are the
object (O) of the sentence.
Possessive Adjectives: are used to show that something
belongs to someone (possession). They are used with noun.
Possessive Pronouns: are used to show that something belong
to someone (possession). There are no nouns after these
words.
• Reflexive Pronoun: are used to emphasize the subject of the
sentence.
• *emphasize – menegaskan, menekankan
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PERSONAL PRONOUN
Subjective Possessive Objective Reflexive
NO. Pronoun Adjective Pronoun Pronoun Pronoun MEANS
Singular Tunggal
1 I my mine me myself Saya, aku
2 you your yours you yourself engkau, Anda
he his his him himself ia (laki-laki)
3 she her hers her herself ia (prempuan)
it its its it itself Ia (benda/binatang)

Plural Jamak
1 we our ours us ourselves kami, kita
2 you your yours you yourselves kamu, kalian
3 they their theirs them themselves mereka

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• Choose the correct pronoun to complete each question
below:
1. She always pays ….. dinner using her credit card.
a. hers
b. her
c. my
d. your
2. Joko kept ….. bag at my locker this afternoon.

a. his
b. our
c. your
d. my
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3. The government helped the refugees by giving….primary needs like tents,
medicines, and clothes.
a.His
b.Their
c.Your
d.Them
4. Why don’t you invite …..to attend the party tomorrow. He is our gust, isn’t
he?
e. me
f. her
g. him
h. us
5. This bag is mine and that is…..
a. Your
b. Yours
c. Her
d. our
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ARTICLES (Kata sandang)
There are two kind of Articles:

• Indefinite Articles: ‘a’ and ‘an’ are used before
singular countable nouns.
• Definite Articles: ‘The’ is used before both singular
and plural countable nouns as well as uncountable
nouns.
• Articles are placed before nouns and before
adjectives describing the nouns.
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1. Grammar : Part of Speech
Example:
a car
Indefinite article (n)
the car
Definite article (n)
a wooden bench
Indefinite article (adj.) (n)
Wooden = dari kayu (adj.)

Bench = bangku (n)
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Definite article = kata sandang tentu
Indefinite Article: an and an
A and an only be used before singular and countable
nouns
Example:
a bag an umbrella
a bicycle an egg
‘an’ is used before a singular countable noun which begins with:
a). Vowels - a/e/i/o/u
Example:
an airplane an orange
an illness an uncle
b). A silent ‘h’
Example:
an hour an honor
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Definite Article: ‘The’
‘The’ is used with:
a). Singular countable noun the glass
the bridge
b). Plural countable nouns the glasses
the bridges
c). Uncountable nouns the milk
the love
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Given below are some important rules you need to
remember.
‘The’ is used
a). To refer to a specific person or thing.
Example:
I saw a cat. The cat belongs to my sister.
She is driving the car her father bought her.
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b). Before the name of thing of which there is
only one.
Example:
The moon is shining brightly tonight.
Before the names of river, seas, mountain
ranges, countries and groups of islands
which there is only one.
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Example:
The Cisadane river is very dirty.
The Indonesia is a big country.
c). Before a superlative.
Example:
The shortest man in the world lives in
Europe.
Grace is the tallest girl in the class
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e). To refer to the person or thing already mentioned.
Example:
Robert bought an expensive car. The car is in the
garage.
I borrowed a book from Grace. The book is colorful.
f). Before the position or title where the person’s
name is not mentioned.
Example:
The Vice President of USA is visiting Indonesia.
The President is an active sport man.
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1. Grammar : Part of Speech
DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUN (Kata ganti
penunjuk)
Demonstrative Pronoun is a word that takes
place of
Singular
a noun
Plural
describing
Mean
a person,
Description
animal, and
thing. Ini bisa dilihat dan bisa di jangkau
this these
that those itu bisa dilihat tetapi tidak bisa dijangkau
the the Ini, itu tidak dapat dilihat maupun dijangkau
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Contoh:
This is my car These are my pens

Ini mobilku. Ini pena-penaku
That is his car Those are yours
clothes
Itu mobilnya. Itu baju-bajumu.
I saw the boy in your room

Saya lihat anak itu di ruanganmu
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Article ‘The’ (Kata sandang ‘The’)
In English the article “The” is also known as “

Definite Article “.
Definite article is a word used to describe an

individual or a specific noun.
Definite article ‘The’ is used to take place of “this,

these and that, those” so they have the same
meaning.
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Demonstrative Pronoun (Kata ganti penunjuk)
Singular Plural Meaning
The the ini/itu
This these ini
That those itu
Yon, yonder yon, yonder disana
Such such seperti ini/itu
Semacam ini/itu
The same the same yang sama
Self-same self-same yang itu-itu saja
The other the other yang lain
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Definite
Singular Plural Arti
A, an - sebuah,seekor, seorang dsb.
One any suatu
Any any yang mana saja, apa saja
A certain certain yang tentu
Such such suatu, anu
Some some suatu, beberapa
Another other yang lain
Any other any other yang lain.
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LANGUAGE FOCUS
Task 1: Complete the sentences with THIS, THESE, THAT, THOSE,

THE
1. Pass me____________ book please. The book is over there.
2. Come here. Look at ____________note.
3. _________poster over there is my favourite.
4. Are__________ your things over there?
5. Look here, What are________? Are they belong to you?
6. You can take them all. _______ things are mine. I don’t want
them any more.
7. _______thief has been caught by police few days ago.
8. _______one is mine. How about ____________ one.
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Task 2. Complete the sentences with ‘be’ verb AM, ‘M NOT,

ARE (N’T) or IS (N’T).
1. A: Hallo,How_______you? 4. A: Judith _______ a doctor.
B: I______ fine, Thank you. B: No, she ______ She’s a
nurse.
2. A: How____your daughter 5. A: _______ you an artist?
today? B: No, I ______.
B: She ________well. She 6.A: Good morning, Betty
_____ sick ______Helen well?
3. A: ________ you English? B:Yes, Helen and I____fine
B: Yes, _______. this morning.
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Task 3: Put in MY, MINE, YOUR, YOURS, HER, HERS, OURS, THEIRS or HIS
1. A: What’s ______ name? 6. A: Whose books are there? Are

B: Hello _____name is Ringo they_______?
Star. B: No, They aren’t _________
2. A: Is ________name George? 7. A: Are these our mother’s
B: Yes, that’s right. things?
3. A: ______name’s Paul, isn’t it? B: No, they are not ________
B: No, it’s Mike. 8. A: Do these passports belong to
4. A: Is she John’s wife? those men?
B: Yes ________name is Yoko B: Yes, They do. They are
Ono. _____not ________
5. A: He’s from Liverpool, isn’t he? 9. A: Is this_____ your brother’s
B: Yes, ______ name is George. car?
B: No, it isn’t. it is _____. I just
bought it last month.
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Task 4: Complete the sentence with I, YOU, HE, SHE, IT, WE, or
THEY
1. A: Is your name John 1. ________ is originally from
Moris? Spain
B: No, _______isn’t. Her name is Maria.
1. A: Are _______ Ella 1. Indonesia is our country,
Caroline? so___are all Indonesians.
B: Yes, _______ am. 2. All of the students are in
1. A: Is your grandfather over the classroom. _______
there? are here to learn English.
B: Yes, _______is.
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Supply pronouns to the following sentences.
1. So she has just had a baby! Is …. a boy or girl?
2. I came to Carol’s house last night. ….was doing her exercises.
3. Your orders have arrived. …. were delivered this morning.
4. Marry called you last night. ….. asked you to return her call.
5. Who is that? … is my brother, John.
6. The man is my father’s employee, I often ask…. to come to my house.
7. The children were very happy to see me, and when I left…. I said
goodbye.
8. When I met Nancy, she told …. that she is going to America.
9. This is my brother’s new car. He bought … three weeks ago.
10. If you meet Linda, please send … my best regards.
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Supply the missing possessive pronouns to the following sentences.
1. This book is not … My books is blue and white
2. I have done my report, and she has also done….
3. Bill has just got his medicine, but I have not got …..
4. I will finish my work and she always finishes ….before we leave the office.
5. I will keep my documents in that safe and you may also keep ….
in it.
6. The two men talked about ….friend for hours.
7. What a beautiful baby girl! What is …..name?
8. I saw he had cut …. again.
9. Jack knows how to take care of…..
10. We didn’t enjoy….when we were in this city.
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1.3. VERB
A verb (v) is a word or group of words that
describes an action or a non-action.
Action Verb Example
An action verb tells us what a • Maria works in a university
person or things does (V)
The students eat breakfast every morning.
(V)
Non-action Verb Example

A ‘be’ verb tells us how and what a person • the car is broken
or thing is. (V)
The children were sad
Example: is, are, am, was, were (V)
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The Simple Present Tense
 The Simple Present Tense is used to describe an
activity / activities that happen habitually and exist
now.
 The general truth.
Time phrases used in Simple Present Tense:
Every day/ Monday/ week/ hour/ month. Year

Today
Daily, weekly, monthly, annually
Now days, often, always,
Frequently/regularly/ usually
sometimes
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Affirmative Form of Simple Present Tense.
• Simple Present Tense of ‘be’ verbs
Singular Plural Example
Subject subject
I am We • She is happy today
He
you • They are in Singapore now
are
She is • I am excited to see you
It they
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• Simple Present Tense of ‘be’ verbs
No. Personal Present Past
Pronoun Tense Tense
Singular 1 I am was
(tunggal) 2 you are were
He
3 She is was
It
Plural 1 We are were
(jamak) 2 You are were
3 They are were
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Exercise:
Fill the blank of the following sentences with
appropriate ‘be’ verbs in present form am, are and is:
• Tommy and his father_______ very tired after
working hard all day.
• My father ______ on the way here from the office.
• This brown hat ______ mine. Hers_____ blue.
• That boy _____ my son’s friend.
• The weather today _____ very cold.
• Merry _____actually 20 years old.
• The children ____very happy to be here.
• My house ____ by the river
• The dog kennel ______ always clean.
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Exercise:
• Tommy and his father …… very tired after
working hard all day.
• My father ….. on the way here from the
office.
• This brown hat ….. mine. Hers …. blue.
• That boy …. my son’s friend.
• The weather today …. very cold.
• the novels ………. In library right now.
• Janet and her brither…….in dining room.
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Exercise:
Choose the correct ‘be verb’ to complete each question
below
1. She ……always here every morning

a. is
b. was.
c. are.
b. were.
2. My neighbor…….a nurse.
a. is
b. are.
c. was.
d. were.
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3. The bags …..new.
a. 1s
b. are.
c. was.
d. were.
4. They…… here two days ago.
a.Is.
b.are.
c.was
d.Were
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• Simple Present Tense of action verbs
Singular Subject + Verb + s, es, Example:
ies
He smile + s = smiles • He smiles at me every morning
She teach + s = teaches • She teaches Match in my school
Jonny carry + ies = carries • Jonny carries his sister’s bag to
The baby cry + ies = cries school every day.
• The baby cries when she is
Note : hungry.
He Singular Subject
She 3
Jonny
The baby
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Simple Present Tense of action verbs
Plural Subject + base V Example:
I + do • I do my home work every
You + like night.
We + go • You like to eat soup.
They + play • We often go to the library.
The men + meet • They play football every
evening.
• The men meet at the coffee
shop regularly.
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Task 5: Complete the sentences with SPEAK(S),
COME(S), LIVE(S), and DO or DOES.
1. A: Mr. Ali is a native of Iran. He ___________ from Teheran.
B: What language ____________ he ________ ?
A: He _______ Persian.
2. A: Mr. Bloom is a Dutchman, He _______ in Amsterdam.
B: Where ________ he _________ from?.
A: He _________ from Holland.
3. A: Egypt is their country. They _________ Arabic.
B: Where _________ they _________ from?
A: They _________ from Kairo,
4. A: Our nationality is American. We _______ from Honolulu.
B: What language ________ you ________ ?
A: We __________ English.
5. A: I _________ from West Java. I ________ Sundanese. It is my
mother tongue.
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• Complete the sentences by using the simple present
form of the verbs under bracket .
1. Johan always ………(wake up) at six o’clock every
morning.
2. My parents ………(invite) me to visit our
grandmother in Jakarta.
3. Johan and Janet………(decide) to attend the contest.
4. The dog……..(run) away when the boy wants to
catch it.
5. Richard sometimes ………(pay) her bills using her
credit card.
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Fill in the blanks with the correct verb in related
tenses.
1. My parents know that I ………….. (graduate) next
year.
2. Every employee ……….. (get) his own desk.
3. Mr Dani …….. (accept) his first job in that
company twenty-five years ago.
4. Alia : What does your brother do, Tantri?
5. Tantri : He’s a tour guide. He ……….. (take)
people on trips around the world.
6. Susi : Did you meet him last week?
7. Indah : No, I just ……….. (stay) at home and
watched TV.
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1.3.2. the Present Continuous Tense
The Present Continuous Tense is used to show that
an activity is still going on at the moment of
speaking or now.
Time phrases used in the Present Continuous

Tense.
now still
Currently / presently today
At the moment at present
Right now this week/ month/ year
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Affirmative Form of the Present Continuous Tense
SUBJECT + ‘BE’ Present + BASE VERB + ING + expansion

The baby + is + cry + ing at the moment.
We + are + look + ing at the photograph
right now.
I + am + eat + ing ice-cream now.
Singular Plural Plural Subject
I am writing a letter You
He We are working on a project

She is drinking water
it they
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Note:
Singular subjects must be used with the singular
form of ‘be’ (Present) i.e. is, I am
Plural subjects must be used with the plural
form of ‘be’ (Present) i.e. Are.
Example:
 She is washing her clothes right now.
 Currently, he is working in Pizza Hut.
 we are studying law this semester.
 Our company is working on the project this year.
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2.1. A simple sentence consists of a subject (S) and a verb
(V).
Example:
1. Sarah teaches in Tangerang.
S(N) V
2. He lives over there
S (Pron) V
3. The children laughed
S(N) V
4. The lion roared
S(N) V
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• 2.1.1. common patterns
Pattern Example
Subject – Verb (S-V) • The children laughed
S V
• the lion roared
S V
Subject – Verb – Object • The cat caught the rat
(S – V – O ) S V O
•My father bought a car
S V O
Subject – Verb – Complement • She is a lawyer
(S – V – O) S V C
•The paintings are beautiful
S V C
• the child was happy in the school.
S V C
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Subject – Verb – Expansion • the girls danced gracefully

( S – V - E ) S V E
• The boy fell from the tree yesterday
S V E
(the Expansion usually
gives information on
‘when’, ‘where’, ‘what’,
‘how’, ‘for how long’)
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1. Writing
Respond to question words
 ‘What’
‘When’
 ‘Where’
 ‘Why’
 ‘Who’
 ‘How’
• Use the correct grammatical constructions.
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Task 6: Write the questions with WHEN. WHERE, WHY , WHO, HOW
1. A:______________(where/you?) 5. A: _______________(how/you?)
B: I live in Jakarta. B: I go to work by bus.
2. A:___________what time/She?) 6. A:______________where/you?)
B. She always gets up at 6:00 B: I have lunch at canteen.
o’clock. 7. A: _______________(why/ you?)
3. A:___________(how often/ you? B: I was late because of traffic
B: I watch TV every day. jump.
4. A:___________(who/ he?) 8._________________(when/you?)
B: He takes your sister to I did it last night.
hospital.
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Task 7: Put the verb in bracket into PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE OR BE GOING TO.
A. I’ve just arranged to do a part time job. I __________(start) on
Monday.
B: What _________ you _________ (do) the rest of the time?
A: I _________ (study).
2. A: Have you arranged to meet your Boss?
B: Yes, we ________________(see) him this evening.
A: What _________ you _____________(talk) about with
him?
B: We ______________(ask) him to raise our salary.
3. A: Our boss has arranged to talk again with the strikers.
He ___________(meet) them again tomorrow.
B: _________ he _________ (repeat) what he said? Or
____________ he _________ (climb) down?
A: I believe he ___________ (offer) ten percent.
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4. A: How long ____________ you____________ (stay)
in this country.
B: Another month. I ____________ (go) home at the
end of the month.
A: What ____________ you ____________ (do ) then?
B: I ______________ (try) to get a job.
----------------
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Restate these sentences using LET or MAKE
Verb + Nouns + bare infinitive let see hear notice allow
make feel watch observe expect
Will you let me go Will you allow me to go

Will your boss make you work Will your boss force you to work seriously?
seriously.?
SEE, HEAR, FEEL, WTCH also occur in another pattern

where the second verb is the – ING FORM.
 We watched the children playing.
 do you smell something burning?
 I heard him singing in the bathroom.
 we saw the old man crossing the street
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Diana Get her hair cut

Get her eyes tested
Susan Has to Have her shoes mended!
Have her watch repaired!
Windy Make someone cut the tree down
Make some one repaint the house
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Look at the table above and then complete these sentences

as the example.
1. A: My hair is too long.
B: Why don’t you get it cut then?
2. A: My watch is broken.
B: __________________
3. A: there are hole in by shoes.
B: ___________________
4. A: I can’t see very well these days.
B: ___________________
5. A: A large tree in my garden has died.
B: ___________________
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1

By: Silfanus Lafina, SE, MM.)

 Build a good foundation of grammar and

boy class One student is absent from class

room student She goes to the library everyday

water paper We must drink water everyday

hair knowledge There is a lot of information in the

Most countable nouns have singular and plural

Singular : refers to one noun.

• Many students are playing in the field

Norman’s office The office belongs to Norman

The baby’s toys The toys belong to the baby

My parent’s car The car belongs to my parents.

The men’s shirts The shirts belong to the men

1 I my mine me myself Saya, aku

2 you your yours you yourself engkau, Anda

he his his him himself ia (laki-laki)

3 she her hers her herself ia (prempuan)

it its its it itself Ia (benda/binatang)

1 we our ours us ourselves kami, kita

2 you your yours you yourselves kamu, kalian

3 they their theirs them themselves mereka

2. Joko kept ….. bag at my locker this afternoon.

There are two kind of Articles:

Wooden = dari kayu (adj.)

the the Ini, itu tidak dapat dilihat maupun dijangkau

This is my car These are my pens

I saw the boy in your room

In English the article “The” is also known as “

Definite article is a word used to describe an

Definite article ‘The’ is used to take place of “this,

Task 1: Complete the sentences with THIS, THESE, THAT, THOSE,

Task 2. Complete the sentences with ‘be’ verb AM, ‘M NOT,

1. A: What’s ______ name? 6. A: Whose books are there? Are

Non-action Verb Example

Time phrases used in Simple Present Tense:

Every day/ Monday/ week/ hour/ month. Year

1. She ……always here every morning

Time phrases used in the Present Continuous

SUBJECT + ‘BE’ Present + BASE VERB + ING + expansion

Singular Plural Plural Subject

I am writing a letter You

He We are working on a project

Subject – Verb – Expansion • the girls danced gracefully

• Use the correct grammatical constructions.

make feel watch observe expect

Will you let me go Will you allow me to go

SEE, HEAR, FEEL, WTCH also occur in another pattern

Diana Get her hair cut

Look at the table above and then complete these sentences

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