International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 06 Issue: 04 | Apr 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

“Blood coagulation detection Using Atmega328P-PU”

Anuja Marathe1, Hiteshi Turakhia2
1Student,Dept of Electronics & Tele. Engg, KKWIEER, Nashik, India.
2Student,Dept of Electronics & Tele. Engg, KKWIEER, Nashik, India.

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Abstract –
The rapidly increasing growth of technology in all the
fields has made our lives much easier. The arrival of
technology has also increased the hazardous dangers in
our lives which can be in every field where the technology
growth is rapidly taking place and which causes huge loss
of life and property because of the poor emergency
facilities. Here, the proposed system detects the blood
clots in the body the proposed detection system will
provide an optimum solution to detect blood clots by
using ATmega328P-PU. In this system the module is used
to track and find the accident location of the blood clots. A
heartbeat sensor is used to find the pulse rate of the blood
which will help to detect the blood clots. In this module,
heartbeat sensor calculates the pulse rate of the patient
which constantly changes according to the heartbeat. In
this module we have used the timer to measure a pulse
rate for a specific time period if the pulse rate is changing
for that time period then blood clot is not detected as the
blood is constantly flowing but for clot detection the timer
will measure the pulse rate and if pulse rate is not
changing during that time period than blood clot is
detected. Here, we have used Arduino because it has
inbuilt analog inputs and digital outputs which takes
analog input using heartbeat sensor and gives digital
output at LCD display. This project is useful in detecting
the Blood clots precisely by means of heartbeat sensor. As
a future implementation a GPS system can be built which
can help to give messages to doctors and give appropriate
treatments to the patients.
Key Words: ATmega328P-PU, Heartbeat sensor,
Pulse rate detection, Blood clot detection, GPS
system
1. INTRODUCTION
Coagulation (also known as clotting) is the process
by which blood changes from a liquid to a gel,
forming blood clot. It potentially results
in hemostatis, the cessation of blood loss from a
damaged vessel, followed by repair.[2]
The mechanism of coagulation involves activation,
adhesion, and aggregation of platelets along with
deposition and maturation of fibrin. Disorders of
coagulation are disease states which can result in
bleeding or obstructive clotting.[2]
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Coagulation disorders include a number of
disorders that are related to defects in the
clotting of blood. Deficiencies in any of the
protein factors involved in coagulation can
result in hemorrhages following minor
injuries.[1]
2. LITERATURE SURVEY
Coagulation is a complex network of
interaction involving vessels and factors the
ability to form and to remove a clot is truly a
system dependant on many synergistic
forces, haemostasis depends on a system of
checks and balances between thrombosis and
haemorrhage that includes both
procoagulantes and anticoagulants. This scale
needs to be kept in balance.[1]
Thrombosis is an activation of the
haemostatic system at an inappropriate time
in vessels. Thrombi formed in this fashion are
pathological and beyond the normal
hemostatic mechanism if physiological
anticoagulants are decreased in the
circulation there will be clot if procoagulants
or clotting factors are decreased this scale
will tip toward bleeding, hemorrhage or
excessive bleeding may be due to blood
vessel disease, platelets abnormalities and
acquired or congenital abnormalities.[2]
Hemostasis is comprised of the vascular
system, platelet and series of enzymatic
reactions of the of coagulation factors. Under
physiological conditions, fluidity is
maintained by the anticoagulants,
profibrinolytic, and antiplateletes properties
of the normal endothelium. Coagulation is
divided into two major systems, the primary
and secondary systems of hemostasis.
(Lozier, 2004) The primary systems comprise
platelets function and vasoconstriction. [9]
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Volume: 06 Issue: 04 | Apr 2019 www.irjet.net
The secondary system involves coagulation proteins
and a series of enzymatic reactions once the
coagulation protein become involved fibrin is formed
and this reinforces platelets plug formation until
healing is complete the product of the coagulation
cascade is the conversion of soluble fibrinogen into
insoluble fibrin clot.
[2]
3. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION
Here we are taking inputs from the sensors,we are
detecting blood flow rate of the patient which will
detect whether there are blood clots or not. Thus we
are using hertbeat sensor which will detect blood
flow rate of the patient. Inputs to the hearbeat pulse
sensor is attached to a finger and get analog out
from the sensor based on heartbeat pulse.we can
read the analog output with microcontroller and plot
it or calculate the readings like hearbeat per
minute.In this way, we can calculate the hearbeat
pulse which will give blood flow rate.
Blood temperature changes according to
environmental temperature. Temperature sensor is
to be used to measure temperatue through an
electrical signal(analog input taken from heartbeat
sensor). Here we are using temperature sensor
LM35.
Figure - 1 Block Diagram
Here,we can use microcontroller to calculate analog
output from the heartbeat sensor, i.e we get blood
flow which willl be digitally displayed using
microprocessor.
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e-ISSN: 2395-0056
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
Thus, we are using arduino to display digital
output which is taken from the heartbeat
sensor as analog input. Arduino based board
exposes most of the microcontroller’s I/O
pins for use by other circuits. Arduino
provides 14 digital I/O pins, six of which can
produce pulse-width modulated signals, and
six analog inputs which can also be used as
six digital I/O pins.
Here we can use liquid crystal display as
digital output which is taken from heartbeat
sensor as analog input .LCD are available to
display arbitrary images or fixed images with
low information content which can be
displayed or hidden, such as preset words,
digits and seven segment displays as in
digital clock.
4. FLOWCHART
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5. CONCLUSIONS
Hence, the Blood Clot Detection System for Detecting
Blood Clots has been implemented using
ATMega328P microcontroller .This System is
Designed which can detect Blood Clots in less time
and precisely at a perfect doubted location in the
body. The System uses Heartbeat Sensor to detect
the Blood clots. The Heartbeat Sensor determines the
pulse rate of the patient which is compared with the
pulse rate of the body. Thus, if the pulse rate is less
than the threshold value then the Blood clot has been
detected and if Threshold is greater than the pulse
rate then Blood clot is not detected. Thus, in this way
system determines the blood clots in the patient’s
body.
6. Future Scope
1. Currently this project tells us about blood clots in
the body i.e. in the veins, capillaries, arteries.
2. This n is further implemented by adding GSM
Module in the system.
3. GSM Module will help to directly give information
to the doctors which will help doctors to give further
treatment required.
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