Difficulties and Understanding in English Language of a Students in

Food and Beverage Services & Bread and Pastry in North Fairview Senior
High School S.Y.2019-2020.

CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Local studies

Graduating college students, particularly those taking up

business/education courses must take note of a recent study that
revealed their English language proficiency at only the level of
basic working proficiency. This particular level of proficiency
indicates that "the person hardly understands native English
speakers, or speakers of English international meetings, or
could they sustain fluency & accuracy, plus discuss topics of
general interest using non-elaborate structures.

"The study, conducted by HA Cervantes Knowledge Systems, Inc.,

the Philippine-based firm which administers the ‘Test of
English for International Communication (TOEIC) took sample
measurements of graduating students for Year 2001-2002 from
selected educational institutions in Metro Manila. TOEIC is a
global standard of English proficiency measurement developed by
the Educational Testing Service (ETS) located in Princeton, New
Jersey, USA. It reveals how the English proficiency of the
examinee stands against the international benchmark,
specifically among business trade community.

Dr. Hermelo Cervantes, HACKSI chief executive consultant

stressed that said study showed why many Filipinos fail to
obtain foreign jobs that require passing English proficiency
certification tests. "That is why no one knows how the English
proficiency of Filipinos stands against the global standard, not
until now, "Dr. Cervantes said.

incorrect grammar, lack of fluency in the language, poor reading

comprehension skills and poor writing skills among others.
Clearly, Filipinos are losing their competitive edge with regard
to English abilities. Our claim that we are the third largest
English speaking country in the world does not live up to its
rank (Macasinag 2011).

The Philippines’ biggest competitive advantage in the global job

market is the proficiency of our skilled workers in the English
language. This advantage, however, is fast being eroded by
rising competition from other countries coupled with declining
mastery of the English language by our college graduates
(Marcelo 2011).

Recent language test results released by the IDP Education Pty.

Ltd. Philippines, an accredited group that administers the
International English Language Testing System (IELTS) to
Filipinos seeking to work and migrate abroad, showed that the
Philippines is no longer the top English-speaking country in
Asia. With an overall score of 6.71, Malaysia is now the No. 1
in English proficiency in Asia. The Philippines placed only
second with 6.69, followed by Indonesia (5.99), India (5.79) and
Thailand (5.71). This was gleaned from IELTS results in 2008,
during which some 35,000 Filipinos.

To explore the university students’ difficulties in learning

English language skills Kanwal, &Khurshid, (2012) conducted a
study. In order to highlight the language difficulties they
developed a 27 items questionnaire was developed and it was
administered to 200 randomly selected students of department of
English. Collected data was analyzed and percentages. Results
showed that overall university students require extra help in
improving their English listening, reading and writing skills.
Moreover university students are not fully satisfied with their
present course contents of English language and teaching
methodologies .We all know that when Pakistan came into being on
14 August, 1947, there was resistance to the study of English.
Generally speaking, there were two groups of people - one was in
favor of learning English language and the other was against it.
The second group of people did not want to see English in their
motherland. Although this resistance to learning and using
English is now heavily subdued, mastery of the English language
differs from region to region and from one socio-economic status
to another

Foreign Studies

The ability to communicate effectively in English is essential

for immigrants to the U.S. who wish to be integrated into
society. However, some immigrants may have a very difficult time
learning and using English and may show very little progress
over time (Almanza, Singleton, & Terrill, 1996; Schwarz &
Terrill, 2000).Except for those who might be able to insulate
themselves in tightly knit, self-sustaining ethnic communities,
immigrants must learn to function and communicate in an
unfamiliar culture and language. While it is unlikely that the
majority of ESL learners enjoy the luxury of learning in ideal
and perfect learning situations, most adult ESL learners are
able to
6attain high levels of English proficiency (White & Genesee,
1996; Birdsong, 1992;Bongaerts, Planken, & Schils, 1995; Ioup,
Boustagui, Tigi, & Moselle, 1994; Juffs &Harrington, 1995; all
cited in Bialystock, 1997). However, not everyone who immigrates
to the U.S. reaches a high level of proficiency, and many are
not able to ake what might be considered expected progress.
While the causes of the lack of success in the target language
can be hard to identify, the effects of such weaknesses can be
notable. In the case of immigrants, difficulties in learning the
new language can pose risks to success in more fundamental
endeavors that affect the happiness and even the livelihoods of
individuals and families (Comstock & Kamara, 2003; Shank,2001)

Foreign Literature

Historically, during the 1970s when the self-monitoring concept was

introduced it became part of two larger ongoing debates. Within
personality research there was the tension between traits and
situation; one could think of this as the nature versus nurture
debate. The self-monitoring construct offered are solution to this
debate because there was no need to argue that humans needed to fit
entirely into the nature or nurture paradigm. High self-monitors
were better predicted by their environment (situation/nurture)
while low self-monitors were better predicted by their traits
(traits/nature). Another debate that was raging during this time
period within social psychology was whether or not attitudes were
good predictors of behavior. The self-monitoring construct offered
a resolution to this debate as well because it posited that low
self-monitors would behave largely consistent with their attitudes,
while attitudes would be poor predictors of behavior for high self-
monitors.

The self-monitoring construct fit neatly into the arguments of the

day where high self-monitors affirmed the situation-oriented view
typically associated with social psychology, while the low self-
monitors affirmed the trait-oriented view typically associated with
personality psychology. Self-monitoring is useful for students from
preschool to adulthood and can be taught to individuals at a
variety of levels of cognitive functioning. Self-monitoring
interventions foster independent functioning, which allows
individuals with disabilities to rely less on prompts from others
(Koegel, Koegel, Harrower, &Carter, 1999).

Local Literature

Filipinos are generally good at English. At least that s the

impression foreigners get when they encounter us. It is also one of
the primary reasons why foreign employers like hiring Filipinos. It is
well-established that English has made its way into the world as a
sort of lingua franca , and we wield it as an advantage for now.
Charisse M. Tocmo stated that the Philippines is always referred to as
an English-Speaking country. Amidst of the Mother Tongue Based
Education Program of Department of Education, still, some schools
implement the English Policy. English as a medium of instruction,
practice in developing a competitive individual being thrown in the
land of competition and are more prioritize in applying a job here and
abroad. An institution is in charge of the students additional
knowledge and learning as well as opening a door towards chances. Have
we notice? That a student came from a school, wherein English is the
medium of instruction, is competitive is speaking the language than
those who are not? Carlos Con de of Davao City Philippines in his
article Erosion of English Skills Threatens Growth in the Philippines
States that the deterioration of English proficiency has been linked
to an overall decline in Philippine education.
Accordingly, there s a recent government study that shows only seven
7% percent of high school graduates can properly read, speak or
understand English, and poorly trained teachers are partly blame.
Education is a key to success. We should go with the flow of change
and competence, throwing our best assets; OURSELVES. In this world of
competition, it is ourselves that we cling to. Be practical. Don’t be
the last in the human race. Being proficient in English language can
make anybody to be in any place, can prosper a business and has an
edge to anyone.
YUKIHIRO KIAN ESPINO
09457517958

Address: 689 Litex Rd. Brgy. Commonwealth Quezon City

Email: yukihirokobasyashii@gmail.com

Objectives:

To expand and enhance more my skills, in order for me to be more ready in an actual work
place, whereas I can use what I have learned in school. In return, I will offer my service as good
as I can throughout the duration of my training period.

Personal Data: Skills and Qualifications:

Date of Birth: October 23, 2001 -Microsoft Office application such as,
Citizenship: Filipino - Word and Microsoft
Sex: Male
Civil Status: Single
Height: 5'7’
Weight: 52 kg.

Education:

2018- Present North Fairview Senior High School

TVL- Bread and Pastry, Food and Beverage Services

2014-2018 Judge Juan Luna High School

2008-2014 San Antonio Elementary School

Achievement:
 National Certificate Level II in Bread and Pastry.

Skills and Qualifications

 Microsoft Office application such as, Word and Powerpoint.
Character Reference:
 Carla Jane M. Pataueg - Food and Beverage Services 09054084076
SHS Teacher in North Fairview High School
 Algelyn C. Palo- Komunikasyon at Pananaliksik 09179046637
SHS Teacher in North Fairview
 Ediliza V. Papa 09984400875
SHS Teacher/Guidance Teacher In-charge