LIFE AND WORKS OF RIZAL • Expurgated NHC (National Hero Commission)

• Un-Expurgated
- Extent of sacrifice for the welfare of
José Protasio Rizal Mercado y Alonso the country;
Realonda Only college/university students would
have the option of reading unexpurgated
- Motives and methods employed in
versions of ‘Noli’ and ‘El Fili’.
Rizal Law of 1956 (R.A. No. 1425) the attainment of the ideal;

“An Act to Include in the Curricula of All Public May 17, 1956 – Senate and House version
were approved. - Moral character of the person; and
and Private, Schools, Colleges and Universities
Courses on the Life, Works, and Writings of Jose
Rizal, particularly his novels, “Noli Me Tangere” June 12, 1956 – Signed by Pres. Ramon - The influence to age or epoch and
and “El Filibusterismo”, authorizing the printing Magsaysay the succeeding eras.
and distribution thereof, and for other
purposes.”
HERO March 28, 1993 - Pres. Fidel V. Ramos, EO
Why Study Rizal? − Is a human being, not born as a saint,
No. 75, National Heroes Committee, which
frailties might surface;
was tasked to:
− Hero’s achievements and
1. It is mandated by law.
contributions outweigh his
1. Study and recommend national
deficiencies in serving the nation.
1st Section: mandates the students to read heroes to be recognized for their
− Is made – product of his time,
Rizal’s novels; and character and contributions to
condition and society; and
Last 2 Sections: Rizal’s writings must be the country; and
− Faced challenges and responded to
accessible to the public. 2. Evaluate, recommend, and come
the call of times.
up with the criteria to determine
− Must, during extreme stress and
Policy Statements how a historical figure qualifies as
difficulties, project himself by his
 To pay tribute; a national hero.
own fortitude; and
 To gain an inspiring source of
− Must exhibit self-denial and abandon
patriotism; and June 3, 1993 – Round table discussion:
his personal interest
 To rededicate the lives of youth to Onofre D. Corpuz Carmen Guerrero-Nakpil,
(De Viana, et. al., 2014)
the ideals of freedom and Dr. Samuel K. Tan, Dr. Marcelino Foronda,
nationalism, for which our heroes Dr. Alfredo Lagmay, Dr. Bernerdita R.
lived and died.
The Criteria for Heroes Churchill, Dr. Serafin D. Quiason, and
Professors Ambeth R. Ocampo and Minerva
- No law or proclamation, just Rizal’s Gonzales.
2. Because of the lessons contained
hero status: achievements and
within the course. example, an admirable exemplar, What Makes a Hero?
appreciation of his life
Goals:
 Recognition of relevance; - Object of public worship and
 Application of ideas; accolades: erection of monuments,
 Understanding and appreciation of naming of places; test of heroism
Rizal; and acclaimed after death; and
 Foster the development of moral
character, personal discipline, - Passage of time is necessary – not
citizenship and vocational efficiency. an overnight process to allow
people to reflect; not merely November 15, 1995 – 9 Historical figures
Senator Claro M. Recto recognized considered as national heroes:
- Was the main author of Rizal Bill
- He sought to sponsor the bill at 1. Dr. Jose Rizal
congress National Historical Commission (1965) 2. Andres Bonifacio
- But he was opposed by Roman 3. Emilio Aguinaldo
Catholic Church - defines a hero as “an admirable 4. Juan Luna
leader towering over his peers, who 5. Marcelo del Pilar
serves a noble cause, possessing 6. Melchora Aquino
Opposed the Rizal Bill: exceptional talent, distinguished 7. Apolinario Mabini
valor and/or hold enterprise, 8. Sultan Dipatuan Kudarat
• Francisco Soc Rodrigo exercising a determinative 9. Gabriela Silang
• Mariano Jesus Cuenco influence over the spiritual life of his
people in a particular remarkable
• Decoroso Rosales
event.”
Identifies himself with the nation, and
willing to sacrifice for its benefits.

Fidel V. Ramos (sponsor) (May 12, 1956)–

Compromised version
Rizal is: were Fathers Mariano Gomez, Jose Burgos pamahalaan at di alam kung saan
1. A man of knowledge. and Jacinto Zamora. ito ilalaan, mabuti pang babaan
2. A man with sound nationalism. na lamang nila ang buwis”
3. A man with moral character. The three priests :
4. Truly service oriented.
5. A man as inspiration. 1. Father Mariano Gomez Ang Kuwento ng Gamugamo
(Duka, C. & Pila, R., 2015) 2. Father Jose Burgos Sa aking mga Kabata (1869)
3. Father Jacinto Zamora FATHER’S LINEAGE
THE PHILIPPINES
The Philippines in 19th Century − They are all graduates of the - Rizal is a product of Eastern and
Context University of Sto. Tomas, were Western blood – Negro, Malay,
brilliant men who used their Chinese, Japanese, and Spanish.
The period of time where education to fight for reforms to - In his father’s lineage, his
widespread Filipino Nationalism break the 300 year old dominance forefather is Domingo Lamco
of the Spanish government. (Lameo) from Fukien, China. He
started.
married Ines Dela Rosa, who is
− They headed the secularization from a prominent Catholic-
Suez Canal (Ferdinand de Lesseps) movement which alleviated the
was opened, paving way for Chinese family in Manila.
plight of Filipino priests by insisting - They changed their surname from
foreign trading. on the prior right of the native Lamco/Lameo to Mercado which
secular clergy to assignment in means “market”
El Banco Español Filipino de Isabel II parishes over that of the friars
(BPI) was also started in the Philippines newly arrived from Spain.
in August 1, 1851.
MOTHER’S LINEAGE
− They were executed in
Educational Decree of 1863 provided for the Bagumbayan, Manila on February
establishment of at least one primary school 17, 1872 for allegedly instigating - It was believed that the origins of
for boys and girls in each town under the
the Cavite mutiny. Dona Teodora can be traced to
responsibility of the municipal government;
and the establishment of a normal school Lakandula, the last tribal king of
for male teachers under the supervision of The Birth of Hero Tondo
the Jesuits. Primary instruction was free and - Eugenio Ursua (who has a
the teaching of Spanish was compulsory. Rizal’s Parents
Japanese blood) was Teodora’s
Education during that period was
forefather.
inadequate, suppressed, and controlled. FRANCISCO MERCADO
RIZAL: Origins of Surname
The Secularization Controversy
- May 11, 1818 – January 5, 1898
In 1774, Archbishop Basilio Santa Justa
decided to uphold the diocese’s authority - Studied Latin and Philosophy at - The original surname of Rizal
over the parishes and accepted the - San Jose College Manila is Mercado (market).
resignations of the regular priests. He - After the death of his parents, he - Rizal – (Spanish: “ricial”)
assigned secular priests to take their place. moved to Calamba and became a field where wheat are cut
Since there were not enough seculars to fill tenant farmer in a land owned by while s till green and
all the vacancies the Archbishop hastened Dominicans.
the ordination of Filipino seculars. A royal sprouts again
- According to Rizal, “Ang aking ama
decree was also issued on November 9,
ay huwaran ng mga ama”
1774, which provided for the secularization
of all parishes or the transfer of parochial Early Childhood
administration from the regular friars to the
secular priests. TEODORA ALONZO REALONDA
The regulars resented the move because - November 8, 1826 – August 16, Dr. Jose Rizal’s first teacher is his
they considered the Filipinos unfit for the 1911 mother, Dona Teodora.
priesthood. Among other reasons they cited - Colegio de Santa Rosa
the Filipinos’ brown skin, lack of education, Rizal’s First Teachers in Calamba
- She is good in Literature, Spanish,
and inadequate experience.
and Mathematics.
Monsignor Pedro Pelaez, ecclesiastical
governor of the Church, sided with the - Before she die, the Philippine 1. Maestro Celestino
Filipinos. Unfortunately, he died in an government offered her a pension 2. Maestro Lucas Padua
earthquake that destroyed the Manila but she declined. 3. Maestro Leon Monroy(classmate
Cathedral in 1863. After his death, other - “Ang aking pamilya ay hindi of Don Francisco who taught
priests took his place in fighting for the naging makabayan dahil sa pera. Jose Latin and Spanish)
secularization movement. Among them Kung maraming pondo ang
RIZAL’S EDUCATION IN BINAN,
LAGUNA (1869)
Maestro Justiniano Aquino Cruz He
became Rizal’s teacher in Binan,
Laguna.
Rizal got into a fight with his
classmate, Pedro when he tripped
Jose. Skilled in the field of martial arts,
Jose kickedPedro’s butt and he became
popular since then.
Andres Salandanan, one of Rizal’s
classmate, asked Rizal for a “bunong
braso” one afternoon but Rizal failed
to win due to his weak arms.
Rizal enrolled in a ‘free’ art class
under the supervision of aan artist
named Juancho. Along with Jose
Guevarra, they became the “Favorite
Painters of the Class” by Maestro
Juancho.
They call Filipino as Indio
Spanish penal code
- Do not kill
- Stealing of property
But they didn’t follow it
“Kulay ng balata ng batayan para
Manalo sa corte.”
Prayle (friars)
- Has the highest authority
- They implemented Polo
- They implemented Frailocracy
Polo Y servicio a practice employed by
Spanish colonizers for over 250 years
that required the forced labor of all
Filipino males from 16 to 60 years old
for 40-day periods. The workers could
be placed on any project the Spanish
wanted, despite hazardous or
unhealthy conditions.

Jose Rizal (pambansang bayani) Frailocracia is the governance of

Friars
- Manunulat at doctor
- Kalayaan sa bansa
- Nagmamahal sa bayan

Why did he oppose Spanish people

Ferdinand VII (1808-1833)

Nagkagulo ang gobyerno dahil sa

pagaaway away ng mga opisyales

Because of this The Spaniards publish

4 Constitutions 28 parliaments and
529 ministers

3-4 months ang tinatagal ng

gobernador heneral

Spanish Cortes ( consist of kapulungan

ng katawan at senate) they make
make the law but the spaniards
remove them.

The corrupts(Prayle and Gobernador

Heneral)

Valeriano Weyler y Nicolau,

- was a Spanish general and
colonial administrator who served
as the Governor-General of the
Philippines and Cuba