a. Based on the problem number 1, we get to know that the QH min for ΔTmin = 10°C is 8.

160 MW,
and the temperature of input steam (TH) is 435°C.
So, we can calculate the power generated (W) for a range of exhaust steam temperature (TC)
using this equation

And for the power cost can be calculated by

$
𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡 = 50 𝑥𝑊
𝑀𝑊ℎ
Annual Hot Utility Cost can be calculated by
$
𝐻𝑖𝑔ℎ 𝑃𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑆𝑡𝑒𝑎𝑚 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡 = 15 𝑥 𝑄𝐻 𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝑀𝑊ℎ
Annual Capital Cost can be calculated by
𝐶𝑎𝑝𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡 = 8000 + 350 𝐴 ($)
Plant life time (n) = 5 years
Interest rate (i) = 8%
𝑖 (1 + 𝑖)𝑛
𝐴𝑛𝑛𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝐶𝑎𝑝𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡 = 𝐶𝑎𝑝𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡 𝑥
(1 + 𝑖)𝑛 − 1
0.08 (1 + 0.08)5
= [8000 + 350 𝐴]𝑥
(1 + 0.08)5 − 1
 = [8000 + 350 𝐴] 𝑥 0.250456
𝐴𝑛𝑛𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝐶𝑎𝑝𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡 = 2003.652 + 87.65976 𝐴
Annual Total Cost can be calculated by
𝐴𝑛𝑛𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡 = 𝐴𝑛𝑛𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝐶𝑎𝑝𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡 + 𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡 + 𝐻𝑜𝑡 𝑈𝑡𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡

Hot Annual Annual

Power
TH TC QH W Utility A Capital Total
Cost
Cost Cost Cost
120 3.55 177.27 3345 295226 295525
130 3.43 171.64 2415 213702 213996
435 140 8.16 3.32 166.01 122.4 2078 184161 184449
150 3.21 160.39 1914 169784 170067
160 3.10 154.76 1818 161369 161646

0.35
0.3
Annual Total Cost x 10^6

0.25
0.2
0.15
0.1
0.05
0
120 130 140 150 160
Tc

The optimum exhaust temperature would be 160°C, based on the graphic above, this exhaust
steam temperature had the lowest annual total cost, $161,646/year.

b. No, the design of the heat exchanger network is greatly simplify if the design is initialized with
an optimized value for ΔTmin, the ΔTmin will affect base design of the heat exchanger network,
such as QH min, network area, and the annual total cost needed for the operation. The smaller
the ΔTmin , the lower QH min but will make the network area larger and the bigger annual total
cost.
a. We need to know the interest rate used in these problem, where the total annual cost of
ΔTmin=20°C is $ 14.385 x 106 /year, Plant life time (n) = 5 years, Heat Exchanger Installed cost =
15000 + 700A so the interest rate can be solved by
𝑖 (1 + 𝑖)𝑛 𝑖 (1 + 𝑖)5
𝐴𝑛𝑛𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝐶𝑎𝑝𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡 = 𝐶𝑎𝑝𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡 𝑥 = [15000 + 700 𝐴] 𝑥
(1 + 𝑖)𝑛 − 1 (1 + 𝑖)5 − 1

𝐴𝑛𝑛𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡 = 𝐴𝑛𝑛𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝐶𝑎𝑝𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡 + 𝐻𝑜𝑡 𝑈𝑡𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡 + 𝐶𝑜𝑙𝑑 𝑈𝑡𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡
𝑖 (1 + 𝑖)5
14.385 𝑥 106 = ([15000 + 700 𝐴] 𝑥 ) + (70 𝑥 9150) + (7.5 𝑥 [9150 − 2395])
(1 + 𝑖)5 − 1
Using solver in excel, we got that the interest rate will be 10.258%.

Then, for the calculation of total annual cost for each range of ΔTmin, first we should be
calculated the cold utility
𝑄𝐶 𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝐻𝑜𝑡 𝑈𝑡𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑦 − 2395
For the Cold Utility cost can be calculated by
 $
𝐶𝑜𝑙𝑑 𝑈𝑡𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡 = 7.5 𝑥 𝑄𝐶 𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝑘𝑊ℎ
Annual Hot Utility Cost can be calculated by
$
𝐻𝑖𝑔ℎ 𝑃𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑆𝑡𝑒𝑎𝑚 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡 = 70 𝑥 𝑄𝐻 𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝑘𝑊ℎ
Annual Capital Cost can be calculated by
𝐶𝑎𝑝𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡 = 15000 + 700 𝐴 ($)
Plant life time (n) = 5 years
Interest rate (i) = 10.258%
𝑖 (1 + 𝑖)𝑛
𝐴𝑛𝑛𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝐶𝑎𝑝𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡 = 𝐶𝑎𝑝𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡 𝑥
(1 + 𝑖)𝑛 − 1
0.10258 (1 + 0.10258)5
= [15000 + 700 𝐴]𝑥
(1 + 0.10258)5 − 1
= [15000 + 700 𝐴] 𝑥 0.2655384
185.8769 𝐴
𝐴𝑛𝑛𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝐶𝑎𝑝𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡 = 𝑁𝑈𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠 𝑥 [3983.0764 + ]
𝑁𝑈𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠
Then, the last, Annual Total Cost can be calculated by
𝐴𝑛𝑛𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡 = 𝐴𝑛𝑛𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝐶𝑎𝑝𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡 + 𝐻𝑜𝑡 𝑈𝑡𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡 + 𝐶𝑜𝑙𝑑 𝑈𝑡𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡

Annual Annual
Annual Annual
hot utility cold
ΔTmin QH min QC min A N Capital Total
cost x utility cost
Cost Cost
10^6 x 10^6
10 7150 0.5005 4755 0.0357 86730 9 16.16 16.693
20 9150 0.6405 6755 0.0507 75920 8 14.14 14.835
30 14945 1.0462 12550 0.0941 61721 9 11.51 12.649
40 21345 1.4942 18950 0.1421 56486 9 10.54 12.172
45 24545 1.7182 22150 0.1661 54796 9 10.22 12.105
50 27745 1.9422 25350 0.1901 53703 9 10.02 12.150

17.000
Energy Cost Capital Cost Total Cost
16.500
18.0000
Annual Total Cost x 10^6

16.000 16.0000
15.500
Annual Total Cost x 10^6

14.0000
15.000 12.0000
14.500 10.0000
14.000 8.0000
13.500 6.0000
13.000 4.0000
12.500 2.0000
12.000 0.0000
10 20 30 40 50 0 10 20 30 40 50 60
ΔTmin
ΔTmin

The optimum ΔTmin would be 45°C, based on the graphic above, this ΔTmin had the lowest annual
total cost, $12.150 x 106 /year.
 b. Grid Diagram : Pinch CP (MW/C)
86 57.36 42
1 160 0.075
1.152
100 90
2 1.6

75 40
3 0.6
21
140 55 25
4 0.035
2.975 1.05
79 62.43 28.55 25
5 0.605
4.5 16 2.14775
150 10.025 80
6 0.165
11.55

c. Enthalpy Intervals Diagram:

180

160
8 7
140
9
120

100
T

80 4
5 1
60 6
2
40
3
20

0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
ΔH

Enthalphy COLD HOT Hot cold

ΔT2 ΔT1 ΔTLMTD h A
Interval T2o T2i T1i T2o q/h q/h
1 150 140 240 239.88 10 0.12 2.22 33000 33000 29769.04
2 140 80 239.88 239.04 60 0.84 13.87 240000 240000 34612.71
3 80 63 239.04 239 17 0.04 2.82 11900 205500 77031.38
4 63 54 160 100 9 60 26.88 90000 115200 7633.118
5 54 32 100 90 22 10 15.22 0.05 335000 281600 40513.57
6 32 29 90 75 3 15 7.46 22500 38400 8167.897
7 29 25 75 72 4 3 3.48 40500 51200 26380.45
8 74.17 20 72 42 54.17 30 40.90 405000 91800 12145.74
9 75 74.17 42 40 0.83 2 1.33 24000 1400 19130.6
SUM 255384.5
 Annual Annual
hot cold Annual Annual
Provided
ΔTmin QH min utility QC min utility A N Capital Total
by
cost x cost x Cost Cost
10^6 10^6
Problem 24545 1.7182 22150 0.1661 54796 9 10.22 12.105
45
Calculated 24550 1.7185 22152 0.1661 255385 9 47.51 49.391

Cost
60.000
49.39147.51
50.000
40.000
30.000
$

20.000 12.10510.22
10.000 1.8843 1.8846
0.000
1 2

Annual Total Cost Annual Capital Cost Energy Cost

d. Figure 17.9 showed the grid diagram for ΔTmin = 20°C, the value of ΔTmin greatly affect the pinch
temperature, the number of unit will be used, the minimum hot and cold utility and the pair of
heat exchanger between the streams, so for each different ΔTmin we will have a completely
different grid diagram.
Generally we can predict the behavior for the different ΔTmin, but in order to ensure the right
answer we should solve the problem using the complete robin-smith method (the Cascade/Curve
Composite, the Grid Diagram, the enthalpy interval composite curve, the heat exchanger are
network and the total annual cost).
The increasing in ΔTmin will cause the increasing of the minimum hot and cold utility that will
increase the energy cost, but this case will decrease the area network of the heat exchanger thus
will decrease the annual capital cost, in which the annual capital cost is greatly affected the total
annual cost.