95 Relay

How does Trip Circuit Supervision Work?

Trip Circuit Supervision Circuit senses any fault either in the trip coil of breaker or trip circuit. On sensing a fault,
Trip Circuit Supervision Relay changes its contact status to window annunciation on the panel. Here fault in the circuit
means any break or open circuit. In this post we will be discussing the working principle of trip circuit supervision.

Basically, a breaker is equipped with two trip coils. Both the trip coil energizes if relay issues a tripping
command. On energization of trip coil, breaker mechanism opens the circuit breaker. Therefore, it is very important to
monitor the trip coil healthiness otherwise during the requirement the breaker may not open to clear the fault. Figure
below, shows the simplified diagram of trip circuit supervision.

Trip Circuit Supervision Relay is provided to monitor the healthiness of trip coil. As there are two trip coils
therefore, there will be two Trip Circuit Supervision Relays and hence two different circuits. This Relay has three coils
namely RLA, RLB and main coil (TCS) of the Relay as shown in the figure above. Now, breaker may either be open or
close, therefore we need to monitor the healthiness in both the state of the breaker. Thus, trip circuit supervision is divided
as pre-close and post close supervision.

As shown in the figure, contacts A and B are breaker auxiliary contacts. Mind that theses contacts are connected
to the breaker mechanism and therefore their status depends on the breaker position. If the breaker is open, contact A will
be OPEN and contact B will be CLOSE. Similarly if breaker is close, contact B will be OPEN and contact A will be
CLOSE. Now we will consider pre-close and post close supervision separately.

Pre-close Trip Circuit Supervision:

Pre-close means that breaker is open. Thus the status of contact A will be OPEN and that of B will be CLOSE. If
you observe the circuit carefully, you will notice that, in this case current will be flowing through both the coils RLA and
RLB. As coils RLA and RLB are energized, their contact will be close.
 Now carefully observe the circuit of TCS Relay. Since RLA and RLB are close, DC supply will be extended and
hence TCS relay will be energized. Therefore, its output contact 1-2 will be open and hence no window will appear. This
means that trip circuit is healthy. Assume there is any open circuit, in such case as no current could flow through the coils
RLA and RLB, hence relay TCS will not be energized. Because of this its output contact 1-2 will be close for window
annunciation . This means to the operator that either DC supply has failed or there is some problem in the trip circuit.

Post Close Trip Circuit Supervision:

Post close means that breaker is close. Thus the status of contact A will be CLOSE and that of B will be OPEN. If
you observe the circuit carefully, you will notice that, in this case current will be flowing through both the coils RLA.

Now carefully observe the circuit of TCS Relay. Since output contact of RLA is close, DC supply will be
extended to TCS relay and hence TCS relay will be energized. Therefore, its output contact 1-2 will be open and hence no
window will appear. This means that trip circuit is healthy. Assume there is any open circuit, in such case as no current
could flow through the coils RLA, hence relay TCS will not be energized. Because of this its output contact 1-2 will be
close to annunciate window. This means to the operator that either DC supply has failed or there is some problem in the
trip circuit.

It shall be noticed that, as the resistance of relay coil is very less therefore a high resistance shall be connected in
series so that less current flows through the circuit to operate the trip coil of the breaker. It shall also be noticed that, in
case of protection trip, separately positive DC voltage is extended to the trip coil of circuit breaker so that
full current flows through the trip coil to operate the breaker as clear from the figure.