www.sakshieducation.

com

Very Short Answers Questions

1. Write the following as a single matrix.

Sol. i) [2 1 3] + [0 0 0]

m
= [2+0 1+0 3+0] = [2 1 3]

co
 0   −1  0 − 1   −1
ii)  1  +  1  =  1 + 1  =  2 

n.
 −1  0   −1 + 0   −1

io
iii) 
3 9
+
0  4 0 2

1 8 −2  7 1 4 
at
uc
3 + 4 9 + 0 0 + 2   7 9 2 
= = 
ed

1 + 7 8 + 1 −2 + 4  8 9 2 

 −1 2   0 1 
i
sh

iv)  1 −2  +  −1 0 
 3 −1  −2 1 
ak

 −1 + 0 2 + 1   −1 3 
=  1 − 1 −2 + 0  =  0 −2 
.s

 3 − 2 −1 + 1   1 0 
w
w
w

www.sakshieducation.com
 www.sakshieducation.com

 −1 3  2 1  x x2 
2. If A =  ,B=  and X =  1 and A + B = X, then find the
4 2 
 3 −5 x3 x 4 

values of x1, x2, x3 and x4.

Sol. A + B = X

 −1 3   2 1   x1 x2 

m
 4 2  +  3 −5 =  x x 4 
     3

co
1 4   x1 x2 
7 −3 =  x x 4 
   3

n.
∴ x1 = 1, x 2 = 4, x 3 = 7, x 4 = −3

io
 −1 −2 3  1 −2 5 
at  −2 1 2 
uc
3. If A =  1 2 4  , B = 0 −2 2  and C =
 
 1 1 2  then find A + B + C.
 
 2 −1 3  1 2 −3  2 0 1 
ed

Sol. A + B + C =
i
sh

 −1 −2 3  1 −2 5   −2 1 2 
 1 2 4  + 0 −2 2  +  1 1 2 
     
ak

 2 −1 3  1 2 −3  2 0 1 
.s

 −1 + 1 − 2 −2 − 2 + 1 3 + 5 + 2 
=  1 + 0 + 1 2 − 2 + 1 4 + 2 + 2 
w

 2 + 1 + 2 −1 + 2 + 0 3 − 3 + 1 
w

 −2 −3 10 
w

=  2 1 8 
 5 1 1 

www.sakshieducation.com
 www.sakshieducation.com

 3 2 −1  −3 −1 0 
4. If A =  2 −2 0  , B =  2 1 3  and X = A + B then find the matrix X.
 
1 3 1   4 −1 2 

 3 2 −1  −3 −1 0 
Sol. X = A + B =  2 −2 0  +  2 1 3 
1 3 1   4 −1 2 

m
 0 1 −1

co
∴ X =  4 −1 3 
 5 2 3 

n.
io
5. If 
 x − 3 2y − 8  5
z + 2
=
2 
6   −2 a − 4 

at
, find the values of x, y, z and a.
uc
 x − 3 2y − 8  5 2 
ed

Sol. Given  =
z + 2 6   −2 a − 4 

i

∴x–3=5⇒x=3+5=8
sh

2y – 8 = 2 ⇒ 2y = 8 + 2 = 10 ⇒ y = 5
ak

z + 2 = –2 ⇒ z = –2 – 2 = –4
.s

a – 4 = 6 ⇒ a = 4 + 6 = 10
w
w
w

www.sakshieducation.com
 www.sakshieducation.com

6. Find the following products wherever possible.

Hint: (1 × 3) by (3 × 1) = 1 × 1.

5 
Sol. i) [ −1 4 2] 1 = [ −1⋅ 5 + 4 ⋅1 + 2 ⋅ 3]
3

m
= [ −5 + 4 + 6] = [5]

co
1 

n.
 2 1 4     2 ⋅1 + 1 ⋅ 2 + 4 ⋅1 
ii)   2 =  
 6 −2 3  1  6 ⋅1 + (−2) ⋅ 2 + 3 ⋅1

io
 

 2 + 2 + 4  8 
= = 
 6 − 4 + 3  5 
at
uc
3 −2   4 −1 12 − 4 −3 − 10 
ed

iii) 1 6   2 5  =  4 + 12 −1 + 30 
    
i

 8 −13
sh

= 
16 29 
ak

 2 2 1   −2 −3 4 
iv) 1 0 2   2 2 −3
.s

  
 2 1 2   1 2 −2 
w

 −4 + 4 + 1 −6 + 4 + 2 8 − 6 − 2 
w

=  −2 + 0 + 2 −3 + 0 + 4 4 + 0 − 4 
w

 −4 + 2 + 2 −6 + 2 + 4 8 − 3 − 4 

1 0 0 
= 0 1 0 
0 0 1 

www.sakshieducation.com
 www.sakshieducation.com

3 4 9 
13 −2 0 
v)  0 −1 5  

 0 4 1 
 2 6 12 

First matrix is a 3 × 3 matrix and second matrix is 2 × 3 matrix.

Number of columns in first matrix ≠

m
Number of rows in second matrix.

co
∴ Matrix product is not possible.

n.
1

io
2 1 4
vi)  −2  

6 −2 3 
 1   at
uc
Number of columns in first matrix = 1
ed

Number of rows in second matrix = 2

Number of columns in first matrix ≠

i
sh

Number of rows in second matrix

ak

Multiplication of matrices is not possible.

.s

1 −1 1 1  1 −1 1−1  0 0 
= =
w

vii)   
 −1 1  1 1  −1 + 1 −1 + 1 0 0 
w
w

www.sakshieducation.com
 www.sakshieducation.com

c − b  a ab ac 
2
0
 
viii)  −c 0 a   ab b 2 bc 
 b −a 0   ac bc c 2 
 

0 + abc − abc b 2 c − b 2 c bc2 − bc2 

 
=  −a 2c + a 2c −abc + abc −ac 2 + ac2 
 2 

m
 a b − a b ab 2 − ab 2 abc − abc 
2

co
0 0 0
= 0 0 0 

n.
0 0 0 

io
 2 3
at
uc
 1 −2 3
7. If A =   and B =  4 5 , do AB and BA exist? If they exist, find
 −4 2 5  2 1 
ed

them. Do A and B commutative with respect to multiplication of matrices.

i
sh

 2 3
 1 −2 3  4 5
Sol. Given A =   and B =  
 −4 2 5
ak

 2 1 
.s

 2 3
 1 −2 3 
AB =    4 5
 −4 2 5  2 1
w

 
w

 2−8+ 6 3 − 10 + 3   0 −4 
w

= = 
 −8 + 8 + 10 −12 + 10 + 5 10 3 

 2 3
 1 −2 3
BA =  4 5 

−4 2 5
 2 1  

www.sakshieducation.com
 www.sakshieducation.com

 2 − 12 −4 + 6 6 + 15   −10 2 21
=  4 − 20 −8 + 10 12 + 25 =  −16 2 37  AB ≠ BA
 2 − 4 −4 + 2 6 + 5   −2 −2 11 

∴ A and B are not commutative with respect to multiplication of matrices.

m
4 2

co
8. Find A2 where A =  
 −1 1 

n.
4 2  4 2
Sol. A2 = A.A =   
 −1 1   −1 1 

io
=
16 − 2 8+2 
= 
 −4 − 1 −2 + 1  −5 −1
14 10  at
uc
ed

i 0 2
9. If A =   , find A .
i

 0 i 
sh

i 0  i 0 i 2 0
ak

Sol. A2 = A, A =   =  
0 i  0 i   0 i 2 
.s

 −1 0  1 0   −1 0 
=  = − = 
w

 0 −1 0 1   0 −1
w
w

www.sakshieducation.com
 www.sakshieducation.com

i 0 0 −1 0 i 
10. If A =   , B = 1 and C =  i 0  then show that
 0 −i   0   

(i) A2 = B2 = C2 = –I,

(ii) AB = –BA = –C (i2 = –1 and I is the unit matrix of order 2)

m
i 0  i 0
Sol. i) A2 = A.A =   
0 −i  0 −i 

co
i 2 0   −1 0  1 0 
= = = −  = −1

n.

 0 i   0 −1
2
0 1 

io
 0 −1 0 −1
B2 = B.B = 
1 0  1 0 
  at
uc
 −1 0  1 0 
= =  = −1
 0 −1 0 1 
ed

0 i  0 i 
C2 = C.C = 
i

 
sh

 i 0  i 0

i 2 0   −1 0  1 0 
ak

=  =  = −  = −1
 0 i 2   0 −1 0 1
.s

∴ A2 = B2 = C2 = –1
w

i 0  0 −1
w

ii) AB =  
0 −i  1 0 
w

 0 −i  0 i 
=  = −  = −C
 −i 0   i 0

0 −1  i 0 0 i
BA =   = =C
1 0  0 −i   i 0 

www.sakshieducation.com
 www.sakshieducation.com

∴ AB = –BA = –C.

 2 1 3 2 0 
11. If A =   and B = 1 0 4  , find AB. Find BA if exists.
 1 3  

m
 2 1 3 2 0 
Sol. Given A =   , B = 1 0 4 
 1 3  

co
 2 1  3 2 0 

n.
AB =   
 1 3  1 0 4 

io
 6 + 1 4 + 0 0 + 4  7 4 4 
= = 
3 + 3 2 + 0 0 + 12  6 2 12  at
uc
Order of AB is 2 × 3
ed

BA does not exist since number of columns in B ≠ No. of rows in A.

i
sh

2 4
12. If A =  and A2 = 0, then find the value of k.
ak


 −1 k 
.s

2 4  2 4 0 0 
Sol. A2 = 0 ⇒   = 
 −1 k   −1 k  0 0 
w
w

 4−4 8 + 4k   0 0 
 = 
 −2 − k −4 + k 2   0 0 
w

⇒ 8 + 4k = 0 ⇒ 4k = –8 ⇒ k = –2

www.sakshieducation.com
 www.sakshieducation.com

2 0 1  −1 1 0 T T
13. If A =   and B =  0 1 −2  then find (AB ) .
 −1 1 5   

T  −1 0 
 −1 1 0 
=  1 1 
T
Sol. B = 
 0 1 −2   0 −2 

m
 −1 0 
 2 0 1 
1 1 
T
AB = 

co
 
 −1 1 5  0 −2 
 

n.
 −2 + 0 + 0 0 + 0 − 2   −2 −2 
= = 

io
 1 + 1 + 0 0 + 1 − 10   2 −9 

T T −2 −2 
(AB ) =   =
T
 −2 2 

at
 2 −9   −2 −9 
uc
ed

 −2 1 
 −2 3 1 
i

14. If A =  5 0  and B =  T T
sh

 find 2A + B and 3B – A.
 −1 4   4 0 2 
ak

 −2 1   −2 1   −4 2 
Sol. A =  5 0  ⇒ 2A = 2  5 0  = 10 0 
 
.s

 −1 4   −1 4   −2 8 
w

 −2 3 1 
w

B= 
4 0 2 
w

T  −2 4 
 −2 3 1 
⇒B =  =  3 0 
T

 4 0 2  1 2 

www.sakshieducation.com
 www.sakshieducation.com

 −4 2   −2 4 
2A + B = 10 0  +  3 0 
T

 −2 8   1 2 

 −4 − 2 2 + 4   −6 6 
=  10 + 3 0 + 0  = 13 0 
 −2 + 1 8 + 2   −1 10 

m
T  −2 4 
 −2 3 1 
=  3 0 
T

co
B = 
 4 0 2  1 2 

n.
 −2 4   −2 1 

io
3B − A = 3  3 0  −  5 0 
T

 1 2   −1 4 
at
uc
 −6 12   −2 1 
=  9 0  −  5 0 
 3 6   −1 4 
ed

 −6 + 2 12 − 1  −4 11
=  9 − 5 0 − 0  =  4 0 
i
sh

 3 + 1 6 − 4   4 2 
ak
.s

2 −4 
15. If A =   then find A + AT and A.AT.
 −5 3
w
w

2 −4 
Sol. A = 
 −5 3 
w

T
 2 −4   2 −5 
⇒ A T
=  = 
−5 3  −4 3 

 2 −4   2 −5 
A + A T
=  + 
−5 3  −4 3 
 2 + 2 −4 − 5   20 −22 
=  = 
−5 − 4 3 + 3  −22 3 4 

www.sakshieducation.com
 www.sakshieducation.com

 −1 2 3 
16. If A =  2 5 6  is a symmetric matrix, then find x.
 3 x 7 

Sol. A is a symmetric matrix ⇒ AT = A

 −1 2 3   −1 2 3 

m
 2 5 6 =  2 5 6
   
 3 x 7   3 x 7 

co
Equating 2nd row, 3rd column elements we get x = 6.

n.
io
0 2 1 at
17. If A =  −2 0 −2  is a skew symmetric matrix, find x.
uc
 −1 x 0 
ed

Hint: A is a skew symmetric matrix ⇒ AT=A

i

Sol. A is a skew symmetric matrix

sh

⇒ AT = A
ak

 0 −2 −1 0 2 1  0 −2 −1
.s

 2 0 x  = −  −2 0 −2  =  2 0 2 
    
1 −2 0   −1 x 0  1 − x 0 
w
w

Equating second row third column elements we get x = 2.

w

www.sakshieducation.com
 www.sakshieducation.com

 0 1 4
18. Is  −1 0 7  symmetric or skew symmetric 7.
 −4 −7 0 

 0 1 4
Sol. Let A =  −1 0 7 
 −4 −7 0 

m
co
T
 0 1 4  0 −1 −4 
A =  −1 0 7  = 1 0 −7 
T  
 −4 −7 0   4 7 0 

n.
 0 1 4

io
= −  −1 0 7  = −A
 −4 −7 0 
at
uc
∴ A is a skew symmetric matrix.
ed

19. Find the determinants of the following matrices.

i
sh

2 1 
i) 1 −5
ak

 
.s

Sol. det A = ad – bc = 2(–5) – 1(1) = –10 – 1 = –11

w

4 5
ii)  
 −6 2 
w
w

Sol. det A = 4 ⋅ 2 − (−6) ⋅ 5 = 8 + 30 = 38

www.sakshieducation.com
 www.sakshieducation.com

i 0
iii)  
0 −i 

Sol. det A = –i2 – 0 = 1 – 0 = 1

0 1 1 
iv) 1 0 1 

m
1 1 0 

co
Sol. det A = 0(0 – 1) – 1(0 – 1) + 1(1 – 0)

n.
=1+1=2

io
 1 4 2
v)  2 −1 4  at
 −3 7 6 
uc
Sol. det A = 1(–6 – 28) – 4(12 + 12) + 2(14 – 3)
ed

= –34 – 96 + 22 = –108
i
sh

 1 4 2
vi)  2 −1 4 
ak

 −3 7 6 
.s

Sol. det A = 2(–3 –2) + 1(4 – 1) + 4(8 + 3)

w

= –10 + 3 + 44 = 37
w

1 2 −3
w

vii)  a −1 7 
 2 4 −6 

Sol. det A = 0 since R1 and R3 are proportional.

www.sakshieducation.com
 www.sakshieducation.com

a h g
viii) h b f 
 
 g f c 

Sol. det A = a(bc − f 2 ) − h(ch − fg) + g(hf − bg)

= abc − af 2 − ch 2 + fgh + fgh − bg 2

m
= abc + 2fgh − af 2 − bg 2 − ch 2

co
n.
a b c 
ix)  b c a 

io
 c a b 
at
uc
Sol. det A = a(bc − a 2 ) − b(b 2 − ac) + c(ab − c 2 )
ed

= abc − a 3 − b3 + abc + abc − c3

= 3abc − a 3 − b3 − c3
i
sh

12 22 32 
 
x)  22 32 42 
ak

 2 
 3 42 52 
.s

1 4 9
w

Sol. det A = 4 9 16
9 16 25
w
w

= 1(225 − 256) − 4(100 − 144) + 9(64 − 81)

= −31 + 176 − 153 = −184 + 176 = −8

www.sakshieducation.com
 www.sakshieducation.com

1 0 0 
20. If A=  2 3 4  and det A = 45, then find x.
 5 −6 x 

1 0 0
Sol. det A = 45 ⇒ 2 3 4 = 45
5 −6 x

m
3x + 24 = 45 ⇒ 3x − 45 + 24 = 0

co
21
⇒ 3x − 21 = 0 ⇒ x = =7
3

n.
io
at
21. Find the adjoint and inverses of the following matrices.
uc
 2 −3 a b 
i)  4 6  if A =  c d  then
   
ed

d −b   6 3
Sol. Adj A =  =
 −c a   −4 2 
i
sh

| A | = 12 − (−12) = 24
ak

AdjA 1  6 3 
A −1 = =
DetA 24  −4 2 
.s

cos α − sin α 
w

ii) 
 sin α cos α 
w

 cos α sin α 
w

Sol. Adj A =   , det A = 1

 − sin α cos α 

AdjA 1  cos α sin α 

A −1 = =
DetA cos α + sin α  − sin α cos α 
2 2

www.sakshieducation.com
 www.sakshieducation.com

 cos α sin α 
= 
 − sin α cos α 

+ − +
iii) 1 0 2
− + −

m
2 1 0
+ − +
 3 2 1 

co
n.
1 0
Sol. A1 = =1
2 1

io
2 0
B1 = −
3 1
= −2 at
uc
2 1
C1 = = 4−3 =1
3 2
ed

0 2
A2 = − = −(0 − 4) = 4
2 1
i
sh

1 2
B2 = = 1− 6 = 5
3 1
ak

1 0
C2 = − = −(2 − 0) − 2
.s

3 2
w

0 2
A3 = = 0 − 2 = −2
w

1 0
1 2
B3 = − = −(0 − 4) = 4
w

2 0
1 0
C3 = = 1− 0 = 1
2 1

www.sakshieducation.com
 www.sakshieducation.com

 A1 A 2 A 3   1 4 −2 
AdjA =  B1 B2 B3  =  −2 −5 4 
  
 C1 C2 C3   1 −2 1 
det A = a1A1 + b1B1 + c1C1
= 1(1) + 0(−2) + 2(1) = 1 + 0 + 2 = 3

1 4 −2 

m
AdjA 1 
A −1
= = −2 −5 4 
detA 3 
 1 −2 1 

co
 2 1 2

n.
iv) 1 0 1 

io
 2 2 1 

Sol. A1 =
0 1
2 1
= 0 − 2 = −2
at
uc
1 1
ed

B1 = − = −(1 − 2) = 1
2 1
1 0
C1 = = 2−0 = 2
i
sh

2 2
ak

1 2
A2 = − = −(1 − 4) = 3
2 1
.s

2 2
B2 = = 2 − 4 = −2
2 1
w

2 1
C2 = − = −(4 − 2) = −2
w

2 2
w

1 2
A3 = = 1− 0 = 1
1 1
2 2
B3 = − = −(2 − 2) = 0
1 1
2 1
C3 = = 0 − 1 = −1
1 0

www.sakshieducation.com
 www.sakshieducation.com

 A1 A 2 A 3   −2 3 1 
AdjA =  B1 B2 B3  =  1 −2 0 
 C1 C 2 C3   2 −2 −1
DetA = a1A1 + b1B1 + c1C1
= 2(−2) + 1(1) + 2(2) = −4 + 1 + 4 = 1

 −2 3 1 

m
AdjA 
A −1
= = 1 −2 0 
detA 
 2 −2 −1

co
n.
 a + ib c + id 

io
22. If A =   , a2 + b2 + c2 + d2 = 1 then find inverse of A.
 −c + id a − ib 

Sol. det A = (a + ib)(a – ib) – (c + id)(–c + id)

at
uc
= a2 – i2 b2 – (–c2 + i2 d2)
ed

= a2 + b2 + c2 + d2 (–i2 = 1) = 1
i
sh

a − ib −c − id 
AdjA =  
 c − id a + ib 
ak

AdjA a − ib −c − id 
A −1 = =
DetA  c − id a + ib 
.s
w
w

 1 −2 3 
23. If A =  0 −1 4  , find (AT)–1.
w

 −2 2 1 

T
 1 −2 3   1 0 −2 
Sol. A T =  0 −1 4  =  −2 −1 2 
 
 −2 2 1   3 4 1 

www.sakshieducation.com
 www.sakshieducation.com

−1 2
A1 = = −1 − 8 = −9
4 1
−2 2
B1 = − = −(−2 − 6) = 8
3 1
−2 −1
C1 = = (−8 + 3) = −5
3 4

m
0 −2
A2 = − = −(0 + 8) = −8

co
4 1
1 −2
B2 = = 1+ 6 = 7

n.
3 1
1 0
C2 = − = −(4 − 0) = −4

io
3 4

A3 =
0 −2
−1 2
= 0 − 2 = −2
at
uc
1 −2
B3 = − = −(2 − 4) = 2
−2
ed

2
1 0
C3 = = −1 − 0 = −1
−2 −1
i
sh

 −9 −8 −2 
AdjA =  8 7 2 
ak

 −5 −4 −1
.s

detA T = 1(−9) + 0(8) − 2(−5) = −9 + 10 = 1

w
w

 −9 −8 −2 
Adj(A T ) 
T −1
(A ) = =8 7 2 
w

T
det A
 −5 −4 −1

www.sakshieducation.com
 www.sakshieducation.com

−1 −2 −2
24. If A = 2 1 −2 , then show that Adj A = 3AT find A–1.
2 −2 1

1 −2
Sol. A1 = = 1 − 4 = −3
−2 1

m
2 −2
B1 = − = −(2 + 4) = −6
2 1

co
2 1
C1 = = −4 − 2 = −6
2 −2

n.
io
−2 −2
A2 = − = −(−2 − 4) = 6
−2 1

B2 =
−1 −2
= −1 + 4 = 3
at
uc
2 1
−1 −2
C2 = − = −(2 + 4) = −6
ed

2 −2
i

−2 −2
sh

A3 = = 4+2 = 6
1 −2
−1 −2
ak

B3 = − = −(2 + 4) = −6
2 −2
−1 −2
.s

C3 = = −1 + 4 = 3
2 −2
w

 A1 A 2 A3   −3 6 6 
w

AdjA =  B1 B2 B3  =  −6 3 −6  ...(1)
w

 C1 C2 C3   −6 −6 3 

www.sakshieducation.com
 www.sakshieducation.com

T
 −1 −2 −2   −1 2 2 
A =  2 1 −2  =  −2 1 −2 
T  
 2 −2 1   −2 −2 1 

 −1 2 2   −3 6 6 
3A = 3  −2 1 −2  =  −6 3 −6  ...(2)
T

 −2 −2 1   −6 −6 3 

m
From (1) and (2) we get Adj A = 3AT

co
DetA = a1A1 + b1B1 + c1C1
= (−1)(−3) + (−2)(−6) + (−2)(−6)

n.
= 3 + 12 + 12 = 27

io
 −3 6 6 
A −1
=
AdjA 1 
=
detA 27  −6 3 −6 
 −6 −6 3 
at
uc
 −1 2 2 
=  −2 1 −2 
1
ed

9
 −2 −2 1 
i
sh

a 0 0
25. If abc ≠ 0, find the inverse of 0 b 0 .
ak

0 0 c 
.s

b 0
Sol. A1 = = bc
0 c
w
w

0 0 0 b
B1 = − =0 C1 = =0
0 c 0 0
w

0 0 a 0
A2 = − =0 B2 = = ac
0 c 0 c
a 0 0 0
C2 = − =0 A3 = =0
0 0 b 0
a 0 a 0
B3 = − =0 C3 = = ab
0 0 0 b

www.sakshieducation.com
 www.sakshieducation.com

det A = a1A1 + b1B1 + c1C1

= 0(–1) + 1(1) + 1(1) = 1 + 1 = 2

 −1 1 1 
AdjA 1 
A −1
= = 1 −1 1 
detA 2 
 1 1 −1

m
0 1 1   b + c c − a b − a 

co
AB = 1 0 1  ⋅  c − b c + a a − b 
1
2
1 1 0   b − c a − c a + b 

n.
c − b + b − c c + a + a − c a − b + a + b 
=  b + c + b − c c − a + a − c b − a + a + b 
1

io
2
 b + c + c − b c − a + c + a b − a + a − b 

 0 2a 2a 
=  2b 0 2b 
1
at
uc
2
 2c 2c 0 
ed

 0 2a 2a   −1 1 1 
=  2b 0 2b  ⋅  1 −1 1 
−1 1 1
ABA
i

2 2
sh

 2c 2c 0   1 1 −1

 2a + 2a −2a + 2a 2a − 2a 
ak

=  −2b + 2b 2b + 2b 2b − 2b 
1
4
 −2c + 2c 2c − 2c 2c + 2c 
.s

 4a 0 0  a 0 0 
w

=  0 4b 0  = 0 b 0  = Diagonal matrix.

1
4
w

 0 0 4c  0 0 c 
w

www.sakshieducation.com
 www.sakshieducation.com

1 2 2
26. If 3A =  2 1 −2  , then show that A–1 = AT.
 −2 2 −1

1 2 2  1 2 −2 
1  1
Sol. A =  2 1 −2  ⇒ A =  2 1
T
2 
3 3
 −2 2 −1  2 −2 −1

m
 1 2 2  1 2 −2 

co
Now A ⋅ A =  2 1 −2   2 1 2 
1 T 1
3 3
 −2 2 −1  2 −2 −1

n.
io
9 0 0  1 0 0 
= 0 9 0  = 0 1 0 
1
9
0 0 9  0 0 1  at
uc
A.AT = I
ed

∴ A–1 = AT
i
sh

 3 −3 4 
ak

27. If A =  2 −3 4  , then show that A–1 = A3.

 0 −1 1 
.s
w

 3 −3 4   3 −3 4   3 −4 4 
Sol. A =  2 −3 4   2 −3 4  =  0 −1 0 
2
w

 0 −1 1   0 −1 1   −2 2 −3
w

3 −4 4  3 −4 4
A 4 = A 2 A 2 =  0 −1 0   0 −1 0 
 − 2 2 − 3   − 2 2 − 3 

1 0 0
=  0 1 0  = 1
 0 0 1 

www.sakshieducation.com
 www.sakshieducation.com

∴ A4 = I
det A = 3(1) − 3(−2) + 4(−2) = 1
Q A ≠ 0 ⇒ A −1exists
Q A4 = I
Multiply with A −1
A 4 (A −1 ) = I(A −1 )

m
⇒ A 3 (AA −1 ) = A −1 ⇒ A3 (I) = A −1

co
∴ A −1 = A3

n.
io
28. If AB = I or BA = I, then prove that A is invertible and B = A–1.

Sol. Given AB = I ⇒ |AB| = | I |

at
uc
= |A| |B| = 1
ed

= |A| ≠ 0
i
sh

∴ A is a non-singular matrix.
ak

and BA = I ⇒ |BA| = | I |

⇒ |B| |A| = 1 ⇒ |A| ≠ 0

.s
w

∴ A is a non-singular matrix.
w

AB = I or BA = I, A is invertible.
w

∴ A–1 exists.

AB = I ⇒ A–1 AB = A–1 I

www.sakshieducation.com
 www.sakshieducation.com

⇒ IB = A–1 ⇒ B = A–1

∴ B = A–1

30. Find the rank of the following matrices.

m
1 0 

co
1.  
0 0

n.
1 0
Sol. det A = = 0−0 = 0
0 0

io
and |a| = 1 ≠ 0 at
uc
∴ ρ(A) = 1.
ed

1 0 
i

2. 
sh


0 1 
ak

1 0
Sol. det A = = 1− 0 = 1 ≠ 0
0 1
.s

∴ ρ(A) = 2
w
w
w

1 1 
3.  
0 0

1 1
Sol. det A = = 0−0 = 0
0 0

www.sakshieducation.com
 www.sakshieducation.com

|1| = 1 ≠ 0

∴ ρ(A) = 1

1 1 
4.  

m
1 0 

co
1 1
Sol. det A = = 0 − 1 = −1 ≠ 0
1 0

n.
∴ ρ(A) = 2

io
at
uc
1 0 −4 
5.  
 2 −1 3 
ed

1 −4
Sol. = 3 + 8 = 11 ≠ 0
i

2 3
sh

∴ ρ(A) = 2
ak
.s

1 2 6
w

6.  
 2 4 3
w

2 6
w

Sol. = 6 − 24 = −18 ≠ 0
4 3

∴ ρ(A) = 2

www.sakshieducation.com
 www.sakshieducation.com

1 0 0
7. 0 1 0
 
0 0 1 

1 0 0
Sol. det A = 0 1 0
0 0 1

m
= 1(1 − 0) − 0(0 − 0) + 0(0 − 0)

co
= 1− 0 + 0 = 1 ≠ 0

n.
∴ ρ(A) = 3

io
1 4 −1
at
uc
8. 2 3 0 
 
 0 1 2 
ed

1 4 −1
i

Sol. det A = 2 3 0
sh

0 1 2
ak

= 1(6 − 0) − 2(8 + 1) + 0(0 + 3)

= 6 − 18 = −12 ≠ 0
.s

∴ ρ(A) = 3
w
w
w

www.sakshieducation.com
 www.sakshieducation.com

1 2 3
9.  2 3 4
 
 0 1 2 

1 2 3
Sol. det A = 2 3 4
0 1 2

m
= 1(6 − 4) − 2(4 − 3) + 0(8 − 9)

co
= 2−2+0 = 0

n.
∴ ρ(A) ≠ 3, ρ(A) < 3

io
1 2
Take =3 – 4 = –1 ≠ 0
2 3 at
uc
∴ ρ(A) = 2
i ed

1 1 1
sh

10. 1 1 1

1 1 1
ak

1 1 1
.s

Let A = 1 1 1 , det A = 0, ρ(A) ≠ 3.

1 1 1
w
w

Sol. All 2 × 2 sub matrix det is zero.

w

∴ ρ(A) ≠ 2

|1| = 1 ≠ 0, ∴ ρ(A) = 1

www.sakshieducation.com
 www.sakshieducation.com

 1 2 0 −1
11.  3 4 1 2 
 −2 3 2 5 

1 2 0
Sol. Take sub matrix B = 3 4 1
−2 3 2

m
= 1(8 − 3) − 2(6 + 2)

co
= 5 − 16 = −11 ≠ 0

n.
Rank of the given matrix is 3.

io
 0 1 1 −2 
at
uc
12.  4 0 2 5 
 2 1 3 1 
ed

0 1 1
Take sub matrix A =  4 0 2
i

Sol.
sh

 2 1 3
ak

= −1(12 − 4) + 1(4 − 0)
= −8 + 4 = − 4 ≠ 0
.s

∴ ρ(A) = 3
w
w

 1 2 −1/ 2 
31. Find the trace of A if A =  0 −1 2 

w

 −1/ 2 2 1 

Sol. The elements of the principal diagonal of A are 1, –1, 1.

Hence the trace of A is 1 + (–1) + 1 = 1.

www.sakshieducation.com
 www.sakshieducation.com

4 −5 
32. If A =  then find –5A.
 −2 3 

4 −5  −20 25 
Sol. –5A = −5  =
 −2 3   10 −15

m
0 1 2  1 −2 0 

co
33. If A =  2 3 4  and B =  0 1 −1 then find A – B and 4B – 3A.
 
 4 5 6   −1 0 3 

n.
 0 − 1 1 + 2 2 − 0   −1 3 2 

io
Sol. A – B =  2 − 0 3 − 1 4 + 1  =  2 2 5 
at
 4 + 1 5 − 0 6 − 3   5 5 3 
uc
 1 −2 0   0 1 2 
and 4B – 3A = 4  0 1 −1 − 3  2 3 4 
ed

 −1 0 3   4 5 6 
i

 4 −8 0   0 3 6 
sh

=  0 4 −4  −  6 9 12 
 −4 0 12  12 15 18
ak

 4 −11 −6 
.s

=  −6 −5 −16 
w

 −16 −15 −6 
w
w

www.sakshieducation.com
 www.sakshieducation.com

0 1 2  1 −2 
34. If A = 1 2 3  and B =  −1 0  then find AB and BA.
 
 2 3 4   2 −1

Sol. The number of columns of A = 3 = the number of rows of B.

Hence AB is defined and

m
0 1 2   1 −2   3 −2 

co
AB = 1 2 3   −1 0  = 5 −5
 2 3 4   2 −1 7 −8

n.
Since the number of columns B = 2 ≠ 3 = the number of rows of A.

io
∴ BA is not defined. at
uc
ed

 1 −2 3  1 0 2 
35. If A =  2 3 −1 and B = 0 1 2 then examine whether A and B
 
 −3 1 2 
i

1 2 0 
sh

commute with respect to multiplication of matrices.

ak

Sol. Both A and B are square matrices of order 3. Hence both AB and BA are
.s

define and are matrices of order 3.

w

 1 −2 3  1 0 2   4 4 −2 
AB =  2 3 −1 0 1 2  =  1 1 10 
w

 −3 1 2  1 2 0   −1 5 −4 
w

1 0 2   1 −2 3   −5 0 7 
BA = 0 1 2   2 3 −1 =  −4 5 3 
1 2 0   −3 1 2   5 4 1 

Which shows that AB ≠ BA

www.sakshieducation.com
 www.sakshieducation.com

Therefore A and B do not commute with respect to multiplication of matrices.

i 0
36. If A =   then show that A2 = –I where i2 = –1.
 0 −i 

m
i 0  i 0 
Sol. A2 =   
0 −i  0 −i 

co
i 2 0   −1 0 
= =

n.

 0 i 2   0 −1

io
1 0 
= (−1)   = −1
0 1 
at
uc
 1 2
 −2 1 0 
37. If A =   and B =  4 3  then find A + BT.
 3 4 −5   −1 5 
ed

 −2 1 0  1 4 −1
i

Sol. A + BT =  +
4 −5  2 3 5 
sh

3

 −1 5 −1
ak

= 
5 7 0
.s

 2 −1 4 
w

38. Find the minors of –1 and 3 in the matrix  0 −2 5  .

 −3 1 3 
w
w

0 5
Sol. Minor of –1 = = 0 + 15 = 15
−3 3

2 −1
Minor of 3 = = −4 − 0 = −4
0 −2

www.sakshieducation.com
 www.sakshieducation.com

 −1 0 5 
39. Find the cofactors of the elements 2, –5 in the matrix  1 2 −2  .
 −4 −5 3 

Sol. The element 2 is (2, 2)-th element of the given matrix.

−1 5
Hence cofactor of 2 = (−1)2+ 2

m
−4 3

co
= (−1) 4 (−3 + 20) = 17

n.
The element –5 is (3, 2)-th element of the given matrix.

io
−1 5
Hence cofactor of –5 = (−1)3+ 2
1 at
−2
uc
= –1(2 – 5) = 3
ed

 −1 2 
i

, then find AAT. Do A and AT commute with respect to

sh

40. If A =  
0 1

multiplication of matrices?
ak

 −1 0 
AT = 
.s

Sol. 
 2 1
w

 −1 2   −1 0   5 2 
AA T =  =
w

 
 0 1  2 1 2 1
w

 −1 0   −1 2   1 −2 
AT A =   = 
 2 1   0 1   −2 5 

Since AAT ≠ ATA, A and AT do not commute with respect to multiplication of

matrices.

www.sakshieducation.com
 www.sakshieducation.com

 0 4 −2 
41. (a) If A =  −4 0 8  is a skew symmetric matrix, find the value of x.
 2 −8 x 

Sol. A is a skew symmetric matrix and x is an element of the diagonal.

Hence x = 0.

m
co
42. Find whether the following system of linear homogeneous equations has a

n.
non-trivial solution.

io
x–y+z=0

x + 2y – z = 0
at
uc
2x + y + 3z = 0
ed

 1 −1 1 
Sol. The coefficient matrix is 1 2 −1
i
sh

 2 1 3 
ak

Its determinant is 9 ≠ 0
.s

Hence the system has the trivial solution

w

x = y = z = 0 only.
w
w

www.sakshieducation.com
 www.sakshieducation.com

1 2   3 1
 , B =  4 5 , prove that (AB) = B A .
T T T
43. If A = 
 3 4   

1 2  1 3 
Sol. A =   ⇒ AT =  
3 4  2 4

 3 1 3 4 
⇒ BT = 

m
B=   
 4 5 1 5 

co
1 2   3 1
AB =   
3 4   4 5 

n.
 3 + 8 1 + 10  11 11 
= = 

io
9 + 16 3 + 20   25 23

11 25
∴ (AB)T =  
at
uc
11 23
3 4   1 3 
BT A T =   
ed

1 5   2 4 
 3 + 8 9 + 16  11 25
= = 
i

1 + 10 3 + 20  11 23
sh

∴ (AB)T = BTAT
ak
.s

1 2 2
w

1
44. If A = 2 1 −2 and AA T = AT A = I3 , find x and y.
3
w

x 2 7
w

1 2 2 1 2 2
1
Sol. A = 2 1 −2 ⇒ 3A = 2 1 −2
3
x 2 7 x 2 7

www.sakshieducation.com
 www.sakshieducation.com

1 2 x 
(3A) = 3A =  2 1 2 
T T

 2 −2 y 

AA T = I3 ⇒ (3A)(3A)T = 9I3

 1 2 2  1 2 x  1 0 0 

m
⇒  2 1 −2   2 1 2  = 9 0 1 0 
   
 x 2 y   2 −2 y  0 0 1 

co
 1+ 4 + 4 2+ 2−4 x + 4 + 2y 

n.
 
⇒  2+2−4 4 +1+ 4 2x + 2 − 2y 

io
 x + 4 + 2y 2x + 2 − 2y x 2 + 4 + y 2 
 
9 0 0
= 0 9 0 
at
uc
0 0 9 
i ed
sh
ak
.s
w
w
w

www.sakshieducation.com