• What is community development

• What approaches to community development work?

Integrated, holistic approach with a focus on establishing and strengthening the

institutional infrastructure and local capacity to catalyze and support needs-based,
sustainable and replicable community development

These institutions include:

 Civil Society Support Centers

 NGOs, CBOs, Associations and Coalitions

 Business Support Organizations

 Local Government

Civil society support centers ensure a broad geographic outreach and ongoing
services to NGOs and CBOs in skills relevant to mobilizing communities to solve
their own problems in a sustainable way

• Civil Society Support Center Services Include:

 Organizational development

 Training (and TOTs)

 Grant making

 Partnership facilitation

 Information clearinghouse

 Volunteer clearinghouse

 Consultations and technical assistance

 Community outreach and community mobilization

 OD: Assessment Tool

• TTAP: Institutional self-assessment tool resulting in a training and technical

assistance plan

• TTAP

• Financial Sustainability
  Funding Sources

 Fundraising

 Financial Management

• Governance

 Mission/Objectives

 Governing Body

 Process of Decision Making

• Human Resources

 Staff

 Membership

 Volunteers

• Management

 Personnel Management

 Technical Resource Management

 MIS

• Products and Services

 Customers

 Feedback

 Product Promotion

• Interaction with Environment

 Community Relations

 Business Relations

 Media Relations

 NGO Relations

 Training: Modules
• NGO and Community

• NGO Management

• Project Design

• Strategic Planning

• Financial Management

• Public Education through the Media

• Fundraising

• Association Development

• Advocacy

• Financial Sustainability

• Human Resource Management

• Team Building/Conflict Management

• Social Partnership

• Governance

• Constituency Development

• NGO Newsletter Development

• Grant Making

• NGO Support Grants

• Partnership Grants

• Corporate Challenge Grants

• Government Challenge Grants

• Community Action Grants

• Partnership Development: Purposes

• Knowledge and skills transfer

• Problem solving to meet community needs

• Resource mobilization to meet community needs

• Enhanced efficiency and competitiveness

• Improved service delivery

• Reform of public policy

• Sustainable development

• Partnership Development: Guidelines

• Shared mission

• Mutual respect, trust and investment

• Clear written statement of expectations (MOU)

• Projection of measurable results

• Cultural sensitivity

• Periodic review of expectations, roles and responsibilities

• Clearly defined and agreed upon fiscal accountability

• Frequent communication

• Willingness to modify expectations, roles and responsibilities to address

lessons learned

• Partnership Development:
Criteria for Partner Selection

• Clear mission

• Practical and achievable goals

• Defined organizational structure & demonstrated/potential leadership skills

• Need for services being provided

• Demonstrated commitment and initiative in servicing the target population

• Legitimacy

 Demonstrated fiscal integrity

 Registered with the government

 Good relations with other NGOs in the community

 Engaged membership
• Memorandum of Understanding

 Purpose of Agreement

 Partnership Mission

 Spirit of Partnership

 Partnership Objectives and Targets - including performance indicators,

reports and modifications

 Grant Money - allowable costs, accountability and liability

 Responsibilities of Partners

 Fundraising

 Period of Agreement

 Termination

 Resolution of Disputes

• Community Mobilization
and Outreach

• Community Mobilization

 Problem identification and conflict management

 Participatory community assessment

 Participatory community action planning

 Participatory project design, management & evaluation

 Outreach

 Social partnership

 Volunteerism

 Constituency development

 Fundraising

 Public outreach through the media

 Advocacy & government relations

  Association development

• Lessons Learned

• Community Development Framework:

 Community development is more a process than an end in itself

 Investing in the institutional infrastructure at the grassroots level

ensures sustainable community development

• Lessons Learned

• Capacity Building of NGOs and CBOs at the institutional Level:

 Sector-specific training and technical assistance to NGOs needs to

complement broad generic training and technical assistance

 Partnership between local NGOs and third country or U.S. counterparts

is effective for transfer of models & strategies and follow-on resource
mobilization

 Association development is most effective when building capacity in

management, cost recovery and service delivery

 Coalition building needs to be bottom-up

• Lessons Learned

• Capacity Building at the community level:

 Participatory processes for community needs assessment, action

planning, project design and evaluation at the community level ensure
community ownership

 Social partnership is a means of ensuring that community development

as a process is ongoing and sustainable

 Investment of community resources for community projects increases

potential for successful implementation

 Maximum use of in-country, regional or third country technical and

training resources is more cost effective and most often more effective

 Creating a cadre of local contract trainers from NGOs ensures

institutionalization of the training function

• Lessons Learned
 • Grant making (NGO Support, Corporate Challenge Partnership, Community
Action) needs to be reinforced by training & TA

• Collaboration with and leveraging of international NGO project resources

prevents duplication and maximizes impact

• Advocacy is most effective when sector-specific

• Media is an effective vehicle for promoting social partnership

• A supportive legal framework is not a sine qua non for community

development in the short-term

• Currently need multi-donor funding to implement a holistic approach to

community development

“NGOs are in a unique position to provide a different route to community

empowerment. However, for their message to be appealing, it must be directly
linked to projects that address immediate community needs, such as income
generation, clean water, health, education, and delivery of other social services.
When NGOs address such immediate community needs, they will have the
credibility to also work to raise the consciousness and level of local empowerment
in the communities where they work. Without a focus on immediate community
needs, it is unlikely that communities will have much interest in working with
NGOs.” Lessons in Transition, Uzbekistan country report, USAID. 1999