.

Read Chapter 5

2. Do problems 1-16

3. Why do we argue that "Dislocation is a thermodynamically unstable defect, but mechanically stable
defect"?

4. Do problem 19-27

5. Explain why we can "see" dislocations in diffraction.

[1] Read Chapter 9

[2] Do the following problems at the end of Chapter 9:

1-10
12-15
17
20
30,31,34,38,40

Here are some attional homeworks to HW #3.

1. You plan to marinate a piece of beef for your dinner. The beef is 5 by 6 inches with the thickness of
1 inch. You rub salt and pepper all around it, and set it aside for 30 minutes. Then you checked it
after 30 minutes and found that the beef tastes salty at about 1/5 inch from the surface (Sorry, you
still have not cooked it yet. Hope that you enjoy your raw beef).

(a). What is approximately the diffusion constant of salt in beef (in terms of cm 2/s).
(b). But when you put the beef in a frying pan (about 370 °C) right after you put salt on and sear it
for
30 minutes, you find the beef tastes salty at the middle already. What is the diffusion
constant at this
temperature?

(c). Can you figure out the activation energy for salt diffusion in beef?

(d) Explain why corned beef makers put beef into vacuumed chambers to marinate the beef?

(e) Beating meat is also a way to accelerate marinating. Explain why.

Note: 1 inch = 2.54 centimeter

2. Ancient swordsmen learned to make swords with hard blade by controlling the time of how long a piece of
iron was buried in burning charcoals.

a. Explain how they achieve this?

b. We are much advanced now with all data available. Suppose that if you want to make a sword
with a very hard blade of about 5 microns in thickness, how long should they keep the iron in
charcoal?
 c. Explain why corned beef makers put beef into vacuumed chambers to marinate the beef?

1. Read Chapter 4.

2. Derive the equilibrium vacancy concentration, n=N*exp[-E/kT], where n is the equilibrium vacancy
number, N is the number of atoms in the system, E is the vacancy formation energy, k is Boltzmann
constant, and T is the temperature.

3. In a square lattice, if the total number of atoms are N, if you form M number of vacancy pairs (the
two vacancies in the pair are nearest neighbors to each other), what is the entropy they contribute?

4. Do problems 4-1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12

5. Check references (besides your textbook) on how a diffusion constant is measured experimentally.