Documenti di Didattica
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REPRODUCTION
Topic
2
B Y N O R H A N A N I A H M A D
No
Topics
2.1
Principles
of
sexual
propagaFon
2.1.1
Gametes,
pollinaFon,
ferFlizaFon
and
embryogenesis
2.2
Types
of
seeds
Seed : is a matured ovule containing an embryo, storage reserve Fssue, and a protecFve outer covering.
Nucellus
:
Maternal
Fssue
in
which
the
megaspore
mother
cell
(also
called
megasporocyte)
undergoes
meiosis
and
forms
the
embryo
sac.
Pollina;on : The transfer of male pollen to the female sFgma
Micropyle : An opening between the integuments through which the pollen tube enters the ovule.
Integuments
:
Two
layers
of
cells
that
develop
between
the
nucellus
and
embryo
sac
and
become
the
seed
coat.
Pro
embryo:
The
earliest
stages
of
embryo
development
before
the
embryo
and
suspensor
become
easily
recognized.
Polyembryony: The development of mulFple embryos within the same seed
R E F E R
T O
P R O D U C T I O N
O F
N E W
P L A N T S
B Y
M E A N S
O F
S E E D S
Advantages Disadvantages
1. Easy
and
less
expensive
method.
1. Seedlings
take
more
Fme
to
bear
fruits
(late
bearing).
2. Plants
are
more
resistant
to
pests
2. Quality
of
exisFng
plants
cannot
and
disease
and
longer
life
span.
be
improved
by
sexual
propagaFon.
3. Large
number
of
plants
can
be
3. Plants
propagated
sexually
are
produced
at
a
Fme
by
this
large
in
size,
thus
the
cost
of
method.
manuring,
pruning
and
spraying
increases.
4. Seedling
plants
have
be]er
root
4. In
case
of
sexually
propagated
systems.
plants,
there
is
no
assurance
about
geneFc
purity
of
the
offspring
or
seedling.
Norhanani
A.
STRUCTURE
OF
FLOWER
3. ADROECIUM 4. GYNOECIUM
Sepal:
Calyx
2.
COROLLA
1. CALYX
COMPLETE INCOMPLETE
T H E P R O D U C T I O N O F F E M A L E A N D M A L E G A M E T E S
How
male
gametes
and
female
gametes
was
formed
in
flowers?
The
male
and
female
gametes
need
to
undergo
the
process
of
gametogenesis
which
is
called
as
microgametogenesis
for
male
and
megagametogenesis
for
female.
sis
Meiosis
s p erogene
Micro
4
haploid
cells/
Pollen
mother/
microspore
microsporocytes
GeneraFve
a
cell
VegetaFve
cell
Microgameto
genesis
T H E
A C T
O F
T R A N S F E R R I N G
P O L L E N
G R A I N S
F R O M
T H E
M A L E
A N T H E R
O F
A
F L O W E R
T O
T H E
F E M A L E
S T I G M A .
T H E
S E X U A L
U N I O N
O F
A
M A L E
A N D
F E M A L E
G A M E T E .