Purposive Communication Reviewer

Communication (communis)

is a continuous/transactional process involving TYPES OF MODEL

communicators or participants from different
but overlapping environments and are both  LINEAR MODEL
simultaneously senders and receiver of ONE-WAY COMMUNICATION
messages which are affected or distorted by PUBLIC SPEAKING COMMUNICATION
external and internal noise EARLIEST MODEL OF COMMUNICATION

INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL BARRIERS/NOISES:

 PHYSIOLOGICAL NOISE
occurs due to a physical condition or disability
 PSYCHOLOGICAL
caused by a person’s mental state  INTERACTIVE MODEL OF COMMUNICATION
 SEMANTIC
caused by a person’s different beliefs on the
meaning of words
 PHYSICAL NOISE
caused by external or environmental
distractions

COMMUNICATION CONTEXTS:
 PHYSICAL CONTEXT
environmental context
 CULTURAL CONTEXT
context that are governed by the participants’
customs and traditions  TRANSACTIONAL MODEL
 HISTORICAL CONTEXT
context that serves as the background
between or among participants due to their
previous communication
 PSYCHOLOGICAL CONTEXT
Relational context

Field of Experience/Schema
A person’s “knowledge of the world” or “the aggregate
of all his/her experiences”
BLOOM’S TAXONOMY OF THE COGNITIVE
DOMAIN
 Knowledge CHARACTERISTICS OF NON-VERBAL
 Comprehension COMMUNICATION:
 Application  Multi-channeled
 Analysis  Continuous
 Synthesis  Intentional/ Unintentional
 Evaluation  Ambiguous
 Primary conveyor of our emotions
REVISED BLOOM’S TAXONOMY OF THE
COGNITIVE DOMAIN TYPES OF NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION:
(FROM LOWEST TO HIGHEST)  KINESICS
 Remember The interpretation of body motions used in
 Understand communication
 Apply
 Analyze Gestures
 Evaluate are the movements of your hands, arms
 Create and fingers that you use to describe or to
emphasize
CANALE AND SWAIN’S COMMUNICATIVE
COMPETENCE: Kinds of Gestures:
 LINGUISTIC/ GRAMMATICAL  Illustrators
COMPETENCE augment or support verbal messages
deals with grammars: vocabulary, spelling,  Emblems
punctuation and pronunciation substitute verbal messages
 SOCIOLINGUISTIC COMPETENCE  Adaptors
concerned with culture and social rules unconscious response to a physical
 DISCOURSE COMPETENCE need
knowledge of what patterns of
organization and cohesive devices to use Eye Contact/ Gaze
to connect sentences It is how and how much we look at others
 STRATEGIC COMPETENCE when we are communicating
knowledge on how to build sentences,
how to use them and how to connect them Facial Expression
in a communication setting, knowing how It is the arrangement of facial muscles to
to overcome communication gap communicate emotional states or reactions
to messages
Non-verbal communication
Is used to describe all human communication Emoticons
events that transcend spoken or written words a system of typed symbols to convey facial
expressions online
Non-verbal communication behaviors
is a bodily actions and vocal qualities that
typically accompany a verbal message
 Posture  PROXEMICS
Is the position and movement of your body The interpretation of a person’s use of
space
Body Orientation
refers to your posture in relation to Personal Space
another person is the distance you try to maintain
when you interact with other people
 Direct Body Orientation
If a person is facing another DISTANCE LEVELS:
person squarely  Intimate Space
 Indirect Body Orientation 18 inches/ 1 ½ feet
If 2 people’s postures are at  Personal Distance
angles to each other 18 inches – 4 feet
 Social Distance
4-12 Feet
 HAPTICS  Public Distance
The interpretation of touch more than 12 feet
 VOCALICS
The interpretation of a verbal message Physical Space
based on the paralinguistic features is the part of the physical environment
over which you exert control
Paralanguage
is the voiced but not verbal part of a Artifacts
spoken message are the objects or possessions we use
to decorate the physical space we
6 Characteristics of Paralanguage: control
 Pitch
is the highness and lowness of  SELF PRESENTATION CUES
vocal tone
 Volume  Physical Appearance
is the loudness and softness of
tone Body Types:
 Rate  Endomorphs
is the speed at which a person People with round and heavy
speaks body
 Quality  Mesomorphs
is the sound of a person’s voice People with strong and
 Intonation muscular body
is the variety, melody, or inflection  Ectomorphs
in one’s voice People with lean or less
 Vocalized Pauses developed body muscles
are extraneous sounds or words  Clothing and Grooming
that interrupt fluent speech
 CHRONEMICS COMMUNICATION ETHICS
The interpretation of a person’s use of  Truthfulness/Honesty
time  Fairness
 Respect
TIME ORIENTATIONS:  Integrity
 Monochronic Time Orientation  Responsibility
One task at a time/ One thing at a
time RICHARD PAUL’S INTELLECTUAL STANDARDS:
 Polychronic Time Orientation  CLARITY
Multiple things/tasks at once  FAIRNESS
 LOGIC
 PRECISION
 SIGNIFICANCE
GUIDELINES FOR IMPROVING NON-VERBAL  RELEVANCE
COMMUNICATION

INTERPRETING NON-VERBAL MESSAGES PLM CORE VALUES:

 DO NOT ASSUME  ACADEMIC EXCELLENCE
 CONSIDER INFLUENCES  INTEGRITY
 PAY ATTENTION TO NON-  SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY
VERBAL COMMUNICATION
 USE PERCEPTION CHECKING

SENDING NON-VERBAL MESSAGES

 BE CONSCIOUS
 BE PURPOSEFUL
 DO NOT DISTRACT
 MAKE COMMUNICATION
MATCH
 ADAPT

COMMUNICATION PRINCIPLES
 Communication has purpose
 Communication is irreversible
 Communication is
unrepeatable
 Communication is situated
 All messages have content &
relational dimension