Tutorial-1

1. The maximum range of the aircraft is given by

𝑉𝑟𝑒𝑙 1 𝐿 𝑚1
𝑆𝑚𝑎𝑥 = ( ) ( ) ( ) 𝑙𝑛 ( )
𝑇𝑆𝐹𝐶 𝑔 𝐷 𝑚2
Vrel = Relative air speed (including the wind effect)
For head wind Vrel =V∞ - VHW
For Tail wind Vrel =V∞ + VTW
Calculate the fuel consumption during the trip where its range is 4000km, flight
speed 200 m/s, L/D =8, TSFC=0.08 Kg/N/h. m1=50000 Kg with the following
cases
a) VHW = 50 m/s
b) VTW = 50 m/s
c) Trip time for both the above cases.

2. What is the TSFC for turboprop engine which consumes 680Kg/hr and
produces 3200KN thrust and 2500KW power during flight at 120m/s?
3. A transport aircraft is powered by two turbofan engines, each generating
approximately 90KN thrust. The lift to drag ratio of 6.0. The following data
are available.
a) Initial mass of aircraft =100,000kg
b) TSFC =0.032kg/N/h
c) Overall efficiency =0.31
d) Heating value of fuel is 43 MJ/Kg
For the trip of 3 hr calculate
I. The fuel consumed in the trip
II. The distance travelled by aircraft.
 Tutorial -2
1. An F135 fighter aircraft is powered by PW229(mixed turbo fan engine) is
flying close to ground with Mach no. 0.8. Pw229 is dual spool engine with 3
stage fan and 10 stage HPC run by 2 stage LPT and 2 stage HPT. Bypass ratio
of engine is 0.36.

Diffuser efficiency =0.98

Polytropic gas constant of compressor=1.464
Fan pressure ratio =2.5
Over all Pressure ratio =32
Combustion efficiency=0.999
Nozzle efficiencies =0.88
Mechanical Efficiency =0.99 %
Pressure drop in CC =2%
Heating value of fuel =43124 kJ/kg
Turbine inlet temperature=1623K
Specific heat ratio for hot gas =1.33 and for cold air=1.4
a) If nozzle exit diameter =50cm find the thrust produced, propulsive
efficiency and overall efficiency.
b) If mission assigned to pilot requires him to accelerate, find the amount
of fuel required to be supplied to after burner to provide an additional
thrust of 25KN (after burner efficiency =0.8)
2.Find bypass ratio of following unmixed three-spool Turbofan engine in order
to provide a thrust of 180KN for a given core mass flowrate of 100kg/s(Rolls
Royce RB535)

T∞ = 288.00 K, P∞ = 1.0bar Nozzle efficiencies =0.87

Fan pressure ratio =1.42
Over all Pressure ratio =25
Compressor pressure ratio (HP Spool) =5
Total pressure recovery at intake =0.98
Isentropic efficiency of fan =0.99
Isentropic efficiency of IPC =0.89
Isentropic efficiency of HPC = 0.90
Isentropic efficiency of all turbines= 0.90
Combustion chamber efficiency =0.98
Mechanical Efficiency =0.99 %
Pressure drop in CC =2%
Heating value of fuel =45,000 kJ/kg
Maximum diameter =2172 mm
Air bleeding 2% to HPT (bleed aft. HPC)
2% for other (cabin pressure)
Turbine inlet temperature=1623K
Nozzle exit Area(core)=0.785 m2
Nozzle exit Area(fan)=0.8 m2
 Tutorial – 3
1) A multistage axial flow compressor is required for compressing air at 200 c,
through a pressure ratio of 5, each stage is to be 50% reaction and mean
blade speed 275 m/s. Flow co-efficient is 0.5 and stage loading factor is 0.3
(taken constant for all stages for simplicity).
a) Determine the flow angles and number of stages required if polytropic
efficiency is 59%. Take Cp =1.005 KJ/Kg/K.
b) Calculate overall efficiency.
[ANS: α2=β1=52.430, α1=β2=350, ΔT0 = 22.570 c, 9 stages, ηoverall= 56.4%]
2) An axial flow Compressor has a mean diameter of 60 cm and runs at 50,000
rpm. If the actual temperature rise is 300 c and Pressure ratio is 1.35,
determine
a) Power required to drive the compressor while delivering mass flow of 57
Kg/s. (Take Mechanical efficiency is 86% and entry temperature is 350c)
b) Stage loading coefficient
c) Stage efficiency
d) DOR if the temperature at rotor exit is 550c
[ANS: P=1.998 MW, Ψ=0.1357, ηs=91.91%, DOR=0.67]