TABLE OF CONTENTS

I:Introduction
1.0 Background of the study
1.1.1 Industrial Effluence
1.1.2 Biodiversity depletion
1.1.3 Effluent impacts on living organisms quality of life
1.2 A rationale Study
1.3 Research problem statement
1.4 Purpose of the study
1.5 Research Question
1.6 Aims and Objectives
1.7 Justification of Study
2. Literature Review
3.Research Design
3.1 Materials And Methods
3.2 Study Area
3.3 Study design
3.4 Sampling
3.5 Analytical procedures
3.6 Data Analysis
3.7 Limitations and Strength
4. Coverage and Scope of the Research
5. Chapter Division
Appendix -I
Bibliography/References
 1.Introduction

Today most of the rivers of the world receive millions of litter of industrial effluents with the
growth of industries and population along the bank of rivers, the quantum as well as variety
of wastes have increases several times which eventually play have with biodiversity ,the
aquatic life and human health.
In India most of the industries are situated along the river banks for easy availability of water
and also disposal of the wastes. These wastes often contain a wide range of contaminants
such as petroleum hydrocarbons, chlorinated hydrocarbons and toxic metals, various acids,
alkalis, dyes and other chemicals which greatly change the pH of water. The waste also
includes detergents that create a mass of white foam in the river waters. All these chemicals
are quite harmful or even fatally toxic to fish and other aquatic populations . It is found that
one-third of the total water pollution in India comes in the form of industrial effluent
discharge, solid wastes and other hazardous wastes. Most of these defaulting industries are
petrochemical industries, sugar mills, distilleries, leather processing industries, paper mill,
agrochemicals and pesticides manufacturing industries and pharmaceutical industries. For
such industries the surface water is the main source for waste disposal. In Moradabad District
of U.P. the main concerns of the impact of industrial effluence on the depletion of
biodiversity are from toxic and chemical emission of the industries of brass ,food, pharma,
textile, pharmaceutical, paper, steel. paint etc. which harm the human being and other
species: fauna and flora and for a etc. in particular.
1.0 Background of the study
Environment actually denotes the surrounding of an object. For example the environment of a
planet has reference to the conditions which are favourable to the growth of a particular
species.
Here environmental degradation is linked with economic growth. It is true that in subsistence
economy, there is more reliance on national resources. Yet, exploitation of natural resources
remains limited due to less number of consumers and the ‘culture’ of sustainability. By
contrast, industrial society depends more on natural resources, but there is more exploitation
due to life style and effluence.
As a consequence of growing industrialization of excessive population growth, majority of
the rivers, lakes, streams and other water channels are being progressively polluted due to the
change of its quality or composition, directly or indirectly as a result of activities of mankind
so that it become less suitable for purpose like drinking, domestic, agricultural, fisheries etc.
for which it could be quite suitable in an unpolluted state.
Polluted water may convey different types of waterborn diseases viz. Typhoid, Jaundice,
Cholera, Dysentery, Paratyphoid fever and several other diseases of epidemic dimensions.
Different toxic chemical pollutants like nitrate, phosphate, cadmium, mercury, chlorinated
hydrocarbon, biocides etc. have begun causing serious concern in the minds of public health
authorities. Except drinking, other uses likely to jeopardise human health are swimming,
bathing, agriculture, fisheries etc. Pollution of fresh water is a consequence of water disposal.
For safety of all living beings and for preservation of our future it is imperative to develop
ways and means to control the deterioration of environment.

Pollution can be classified into water, air, soil and noise pollution. Out of these pollution
water and air pollution are more dangerous due to their more frequent occurrence.

Polluted water may transmit various types of water born diseases such as typhoid, jaundice,
cholera, dysentery, paratyphoid fever and other many other diseases of epidermis dimensions.
Public health authorities are now becoming greatly' concerning about various toxic chemical
pollutant viz. nitrate, phosphate, chlorinated hydrocarbons, pesticides, herbicides, heavy
metals etc. besides drinking other use which may affect human health are swimming, bathing,
agriculture ing, fisheries etc. Many rivers heavy flux of industrial effluents. which contain
highly toxic chemical such as pesticides, herbicides, heavy metals etc. Aril River, ,Godawary,
Ganga, Gomati, Cavery, Narmada, Damodar, Yamuna ,etc. in our country are facing
pollution problem. A number of water born diseases are caused due to polluted water which
result death in a large scale several liquid effluents are commonly passed out in to rivers
directly or directly for disposal.
1.1.1 Industrial Effluence
A effluence in a plant becomes hazardous depending on both the products (outputs) and the
inputs used. The intensity of hazards depends also on the location of the plant, the mode of
transport for carrying the products or inputs etc. If these factors, namely location and
transport, are planned (i.e. in case of elimination of risk or failure at both the levels, inside the
plant and outside in human settlements) then also the effect of industrial effluence is felt on
water, air and land .
1.1.2 Biodiversity depletion
Biodiversity depletion is a controversial new conservation mechanism deemed by some as
part of the solution to the biodiversity crisis and written off by others as simply another
licence to trash biodiversity. Depletion in many contexts is still in its infancy, but with rising
application worldwide the question of whether and how depletion systems can be
operationalised to best achieve no net loss of biodiversity is a critical arena for research.
Depletion is unlikely ever to be used as a sole policy for biodiversity conservation, yet the
interaction between depletion systems, existing regulatory frameworks and planning appraisal
instruments, is relatively unstudied and the implications for depletion effectiveness remain
largely unknown.
This research has tried to expand the scope of research on the operationalisation of
biodiversity depletion by exploring the interaction and integration of depletion with a key
component of regulatory frameworks for environmental standards - Impact of industrial
effluence. The focus on the relationship between industrial effluence and biodiversity
depletion was based on an attempt to understand the effectiveness and implications of
depletion in relation to the existing context for the treatment of biodiversity impacts in
Moradabad district of U .P planning systems, rather than as an isolated policy phenomenon.
Biodiversity is essentially a word to describe the variety and interactions of the living
contents within an ecosystem or ecosystems. Biodiversity, shorthand for biological diversity,
refers to "the sum of all organisms on Earth, their variation and the ecosystems which they
are a part' or more simply put "life on earth" . It may be analogous to the contents and index
sections of a book. With a better understanding and consistent idea of biodiversity, industries
can get an appreciation of the potential risks and opportunities concerning their individual
product lines, presented to them as a result of their Moradabad district of U .P operations.

Our global biodiversity is the unique product of approximately 3.5 billion years of life on
earth , considered to be a cornerstone of healthy ecosystems and intimately linked to human
wellbeing . However, global biodiversity levels are widely acknowledged to be undergoing
the highest rate of decline in human history . highlight that the current rate of species
extinction is estimated to be somewhere in the region of 20 to 40 times greater than
background rates of extinction.
The current net depletion of biodiversity reported by and the Living Planet Index is widely
attributed to a human induced acceleration of natural rates, linked to anthropogenic causes
such as habitat change and depletion, pollution, over exploitation and the introduction of
invasive species and climate change . Habitat depletion, in particular, is thought to be the
primary cause of biodiversity decline . Essentially, "as the human footprint on the planet
increases, biodiversity declines" . The magnitude and scale of human-driven biodiversity
depletion create a crisis which is now one of the most pressing global environmental.

An overwhelming body of scientific evidence now clearly indicates that climate change is a
serious and urgent issue, and the main cause is increases in, so called, green house gases
(GHG) caused by human activities . An international workshop, held at the Royal Society in
London , on biodiversity - climate interaction, adaptation, mitigation and human livelihoods,
concluded that ‘Observations of marine and terrestrial systems confirm that climate change
impacts biodiversity’. The workshop also concluded that, climate, biodiversity and human
wellbeing are inexorably linked.

1.1.3 Effluent impacts on living organisms quality of life

Water is a perfectly transparent, colorless, tasteless and odorless, liquid at normal

temperature and chemically neutral in reactions and a universal solvent for many compounds.
Just by assessing the physical, chemical and biological characteristics of water we can
conclude about its quality. Water quality focuses on the various aspects of the physico-
chemical parameters of water that detect the status of pollution and suitability of a particular
water body for various aquatic organisms. Water pollution is commonly defined as any
physical, chemical or biological change in water quality which adversely impacts on living
organisms in the environment or which makes a water resource unsuitable for one or more of
its beneficial uses .

Moradabad is known as “Peetal Nagri”. Moradabad is one of the major cities of Uttar Pradesh
state in Northern India and is situated at the banks of Ramganga River and Chambal River in
south. District Bijnor and Nainital are in the North, Rampur is in the East. Ganga River is in
the west and district Budaun is in the south of district Moradabad. Its altitude from sea level
is about 670 feet. The latitudinal extent of city is 28°20’N to 29°15’ N and longitudinal extent
is 78°4’ E to79°E.
Geographical location
The city is full of brass, steel and glass cottage industries. The most of the industries are
dumping their effluents in two major rivers of the city viz Ramganga River and Ganga River.
The effluent containing heavy metals is largely the waste by–product of industrial process.
Brassware industry
The Brassware Industry in Uttar Pradesh is mainly concentrated in Moradabad district. The
other places famous for the Brassware industry in Uttar Pradesh are Varanasi, Mirzapur,
Jalesar, Bahraich and Aligarh.
Brassware industry is labour intensive in nature so it is very important for the state. The
manufacturing process usually carried out in residential premises. The manufacture activity
of Brassware carried throughout the year except the rainy season. The labour force comprises
hired workers and family workers who are paid wages on weight basis. The manufacturing
techniques adopted by the industry are very old and time consuming. Regular and adequate
supplies of raw material continue to be a main problem for the industry. The socio economic
conditions of the labour are unsatisfactory. Most of the artisans’ family members are
illiterate. Health and medical facilities available to the artisans also appear to be very
disappointing. The incidence of T.B., Asthma is high among the artisans
The brass industry can be considered as a significant example of a traditional industry where
modernization in the factory sector has been taking over at a very slow pace. Like many other
industries located in semi-urban areas, the brass industry has witnessed some form of
innovation and technological upgrading. However, this development has been very slow.
Furthermore, it has not been a widespread development. Rather, it has taken place in a very
fragmented manner, involving only certain production units.

1.2 A rationale Study

Rapid population growth is increasing poverty, unemployment, and scarce of natural
resources leading the country to least developed. The vast majority of the population depends
on natural resources. However, most of the resources are over-exploited. This is causing
environmental deprivation in the way of at present day's unplanned industrialization, and
urbanization, vehicular pollution, deforestation, unsustainable agriculture practices etc. they
offer the alteration of physical, chemical, and biological properties of air, water, and soil
counting change in temperature, odor, noise, turbidity, ray and to the original properties that
is harmful to public health, livestock, wildlife, fish, and other biodiversity .
The industrial areas in Moradabad district of U .P are situated in the midst of densely
populated regions and the growth of industries has generally been unplanned without keeping
the issue of environmental protection in careful consideration. Although all industries in
India function under the strict guidelines of the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) but
still the environmental situation is far from satisfactory is one of the newly such industrial
clusters where rapid, unplanned industrial expansion has led to serious local pollution that is
adjacent to Moradabad industrial area.
Rapid urbanization and industrial development during last decade have provoked some
serious concerns for the environment in modernizing countries such like Moradabad district
of U .P.
Industrial effluences are major sources of pollution in all environments and require onsite
treatment before discharge into sewage system . Soil and environment are under tremendous
pressure due to industrial expansion and discharge of effluents. Very few are aware of this
discharging, a globally important issue. The third world countries, especially Moradabad
district of U .P is now in a vulnerable position .
The DoE identified many polluting industries across the country, which have no treatment
facilities for effluents and effluences. These heavily toxic effluents were discharging directly
to adjacent soils and rivers . The existing propensity of industrialization and urbanization
diminishes the non-renewable resources and interrupts both the soil and surface water quality
through promiscuous disposition of industrial effluents, solid effluences and other toxic
effluences, which are the major environmental issues posing threats to the existence of human
being .
In the production process of these industries, a lot of solid, semi-solid and liquid effluences
are generated that may contain substantial amount of toxic organic and inorganic pollutants,
and if dumped in the environment without treatment then this may lead to serious
environmental consequences. This will also undoubtedly deteriorate soil productivity and
adversely affect crop production in the surrounding land area. Industrial effluents had
remarkable changes in the distribution of ions and their concentrations in wheat and bean
plants . The quality of dissolved minerals in water depends upon the source of water and its
path before use . Soil ecosystems throughout the world have been contaminated by various
anthropogenic activities resulting in health hazards through food chain . Unfortunately, there
is little work on this effluence material and effluent in Moradabad district of U .P in relation
to their use in agriculture or discharge to environment.
Industries vary according to process technology, sizes, nature of products, characteristics and
complexity of effluences discharged. Ideally citing of industries should strike a balance
between socioeconomic and environmental considerations considering the condition of
national and global environment. In developing countries such as Moradabad district of U .P,
citing of industries is determined by various criteria, some of which are environmentally
unacceptable; thereby, posing serious threat to public health. Almost industrial activities
cause pollution and produce effluences (as the lacking of effluence treatment facilities) are
responsible for the bulk of the pollution (WHO, 1982). also noted that soil contaminated by
heavy metals may pose a threat to human health if the heavy metals enter the food chain.
It has been reported that industrial effluent has a hazard effect on water quality, habitat
quality, and complex effects on flowing waters . Industrial effluences and emission contain
toxic and hazardous substances, most of which are detrimental to human health . Many
industrial activities are responsible for discharging effluence into the environment, and these
effluence containing many poisonous substances that will contaminate the soil .
Due to deficiency of properly equipped plants and hygienic dumping sites controlled within
the necessitated criteria, the industrial effluence water is discharged in an unplanned way to
the environment.
Industrial effluents are a main source of direct and often continuous input of pollutants into
aquatic ecosystems with long-term implications on ecosystem functioning. It is well
established that pollution lowers the quality of life in various aspects and affects health and
life span.

The pollution from brass industry impacts both air and water quality in the city. The value
of air quality parameters like SO2, NO2, SPM, and RSPM is considerably high in areas
where brass industries are located. Level of water quality parameters are also not in
prescribed safe limits. Besides having socio-economic impacts brass industry has serious
adverse health impacts on workers and they suffer from tuberculosis, bronchitis, burns,
skin diseases, etc. Due to melting of metals in brass were industry the emission of many
harmful gases are formed which affects human beings specially- Respiratory system,
Skin etc. Diseases like;-Tuberculosis , Skin- Melanin, Albinism etc.

Brass industry is a labour intensive and majority of workers are illiterate and belong to poor
section thereby unaware of hazardous nature of brass industry, which makes them more
vulnerable to health problem. The trade unions are fighting for basic health equipment’s and
government has also incorporated this issue in its policy for small and medium Industries.
There is an urgent need for addressing the issue of health of workers, job quality and
productivity in small and micro-enterprises of the brassware industry of Moradabad.

Effluent impacts:The working environment in the Moradabad brassware industry covers

worker’s exposure to health hazards, handling procedures and safety measures, in small and
micro- enterprises in all segments of the industry including ingot making, melting and
casting, scraping, polishing and welding units. It has been found that working environment in
the industry to be abysmally poor. Workers in small and household units undertaking
production activities such as ingot making, casting, scraping and polishing work in very poor
situations that entail severe health hazards for them. The industries do not adopt any safety
measures such as protective covers or use proper handling procedures. There seems to be a
very limited understanding among workers and unit owners of the hazardous effects of such
poor conditions on health and productivity.

The present study was carried out to draw attention towards this region for taking necessary
steps to minimize the adverse impacts likely to occur due to pollution from brass industries.
In the brassware industry accidents are very common. Sometimes molders get seriously burnt
when the pot containing hot molten brass slips off and falls on them. In the electro plating
units, hazardous chemicals like cyanide and hydrochloric acid are used that also burn the
workers. In polishing units workers not only inhale the metal dust that often causes
tuberculosis but they also frequently get their hands or clothes caught in the rotating
shaft, causing serious injuries or impairments. When the resources available are
meagre, it is very difficult to provide proper food, medicines, clothes and education to the
children. Poor housing, lack of sanitation and unavailability of safe drinking water sources
are important indicators of the ill health in a given population of the Moradabad District of
U.P

1.3 Research problem statement

Human-induced impacts ranging from habitat depletion, the overexploitation of biological
resources, the invasion of alien species and pollution are causing the mass destruction of
biological diversity (biodiversity) across the planet . As a response, many countries, including
India, have developed tools such as trans-frontier conservation initiatives, new or improved
biodiversity related legislation, and different Impact Assessment (IA) mechanisms to combat
further biodiversity depletion . Environmental Impact Assessment (Moradabad district of U
.P) is globally utilised to identify, predict and evaluate environmental consequences
associated with development activities. Moradabad district of U .P aims to mitigate negative
environmental consequences and enhance positive impacts .

To ultimately achieve the outcome of this thesis, the following objectives need to be
accomplished:
 Conduct an investigation of relevant literature to reveal the prevalent international
quality trends of biodiversity input to Moradabad district of U .P.
 Develop a customised review package to analyse the quality of Moradabad district of
U .P reports.
 Utilise the review package to perform a quality review of a sample of Moradabad
district of U .P
 Analyse the review results to establish common denominators and compare with
international quality trends.
  Where appropriate, formulate recommendations for the improvement of Moradabad
district of U .P practice.
1.4 Purpose of the study
The research will therefore:
 Investigate the environmental management options and choices available to
organisations for considering biodiversity in Moradabad district of U .P.
 Determine the extent to which companies are currently publicising their
considerations of biodiversity, both generally and in a Moradabad district of U .P
context. This will be established by conducting a survey of cross-sectorial corporate
responsibility reports.
 Find out current Moradabad district of U .P environmental management methods used
in industry by performing case studies with participating companies.
 Make available a biodiversity information data-base for procurement managers.
Inform the design of a Moradabad district of U .P biodiversity impact assessment
method and industry tool for determining the related risks and opportunities to
business.
1.5 Research Question
What is the impact of industrial effluence(waste) on the biodiversity depletion in Moradabad
district of U .P?
1.6 Aims and Objectives
1.6.1 Research aim:
To analyse whether biodiversity depletion can stem the continual decline in biodiversity as a
compensation tool in Moradabad district of U .P.

1.6.2 Research Objectives:

Objective 1: To review the theoretical basis for, and the controversies surrounding the
operationalisation of biodiversity depletion as a new solution to the biodiversity crisis.
Objective 2: To map out expectations around the integration of biodiversity depletion and
Moradabad district of U .P, and the possible dynamics of their interaction.
Objective 3: To explore the connections between biodiversity depletion and Moradabad
district of U .P in emerging practice and identify any possible areas of interaction and
evidence of implications.
Objective 4: To critically reflect on the outcomes of integrating Moradabad district of U .P
and biodiversity depletion in existing planning practice and the implications for the treatment
and management of biodiversity impacts.

General objective
To assess the quality of some industrial effluents of canal streams of Moradabad district of U.P.
Specific objectives
The study was carried out with the following objectives:
1. To determine the physiochemical characteristics of industrial effluent
2. To determine the concentration of heavy metal at selected points of industrial effluent
releasing site
3. To compare effluent properties with standard values
Main Objectives of Present Research
My preliminary perception emerging from field experiences reveal that the impact of
industrial effluence on society is immense. In operational phase, the plant generates many
socio-economic and ecological problems which are yet to explore. So, my objectives of the
study as follow:
(i) Nature and extent of air pollution and its impact on health conditions of the people
and plants in the area.
(ii) Water pollution surrounding the area and plant’s discharging of effluents into river
and consequent depletion of fish variety in the river and other biota in surrounding
water bodies like ponds, canals etc., depletion of traditional livelihood rights such as
catching, collecting and gathering fish and others.
(iii) Land degradation due to ash dumping and/or ponding in the area and consequent
physical depletion of land including Common Property Resources (CPRs) and
deterioration of physical productivity of land in the area.
(iv) Effects on vegetation, floriculture and betel cultivation in the area.
(v) The role of government body, NGOs, others peoples’ organization in understanding
of the problems and making people aware about the problems and including its
possible solutions.
(vi) Impact on social structure, namely family, kinship and other social institutions, local
ethics, and values relating to society-nature relationship.
(vii) Politics and other cultural practices highlighting what is going-on in the area.
(viii) Exploring people’s perception about environmental problems and coping mechanism
and stratagems to check pollution.
1.7 Justification of Study
The study assessed the current status of effluence water quality and it is hoped that the results
of this study will assist the relevant industries and authorities in designing appropriate
preventive measures to ensure that the effluent quality in the streams is improved.

The overall aim of the project will be achieved by meeting a series of distinct objectives.
Stage 1.
i. Conduct a literature review and business and biodiversity appraisal to a) gain a
knowledge and understanding of work undertaken to date relating to the management
by organizations of biodiversity within their Moradabad district of U .Ps and b) to
gain a wider view of the overall business and biodiversity debate and any schemes
and initiatives that may relate to achieving the project aim;
ii. Undertake a series of interviews to assess the current attitudes of businesses to
biodiversity within their Moradabad district of U .P and where relevant explore their
biodiversity management practices;
iii. Determine the drivers motivating organisations to engage with biodiversity issues
within their Moradabad district of U .Ps;
iv. Identify a small number of businesses covering a range of activities where
biodiversity plays a significant role within their Moradabad district of U .Ps, and
establish their willingness to collaborate in the research;
Stage 2.
v. Undertake pilot studies of at least two businesses to inform the research procedure;
vi. Evaluate the practices and procedures adopted by organizations for assessing and
managing the impacts on biodiversity of their Moradabad district of U .P, using the
case study approach;
Stage 3.
vii Construct a methodology, that employs an EMS framework, for assessing and
managing biodiversity impacts within a Moradabad district of U .P;
viii Construct a methodology/model that can be used without a formal EMS framework
for assessing and managing biodiversity impacts within a Moradabad district of U .P;
ix Undertake trials of the proposed methodology and evaluate its viability.
 2. Literature Review
(Bhanarkar, Rao, Gajghate & Nema, 2005) The problem of water pollution has become still
worse due to toxic metals. Although some trace metallic elements are important for proper
functioning of biological systems, their deficiency or excess could lead to a number of
disorders. With the increased use of a wide variety of metals in industries and in our daily
life, there is now a greater awareness of toxic metal pollution of the environment. The
increasing trend in concentration of toxic metals in the aquatic environment has attracted
considerable attention amongst ecologists globally during the last decades and has also begun
to cause concern in most of the major industrialized cities.
(Husaini, Zaidi, Matiullah & Akram, 2011) quantify the potentially toxic metals like Cu, Ni,
Cr, Pb, Fe and Zn which are present in the industrial effluents. Existing situation if neglect ed
may cause severe long term damage to the surrounding population as well as to the ecosystem.
(Singare & Dhabarde, 2014) Industrial effluences are major sources of pollution in all
environments and require onsite treatment before discharge into sewage system . Soil and
environment are under tremendous pressure due to industrial expansion and discharge of
effluents. Very few are aware of this discharging, a globally important issue. The third world
countries, especially Bangladesh is now in a vulnerable position
(HAUSMANN, SLOTOW, BURNS & DI MININ, 2015) Essentially biodiversity depletion
are conservation activities design to deliver biodiversity benefits in one place to compensate
for losses in another in a measurable way.
(Hughes, Grabowski, Leslie, Scyphers & Williams, 2017) Biodiversity depletion are seen as a
policy mechanism to balance development and conservation goals. Many depletion schemes
employ habitat restoration in one area to recreate biodiversity value that is destroyed
elsewhere.
(Le Coent, Préget & Thoyer, 2017) Depletion are commonly viewed as actions to create
additional and/or comparable biodiversity gains to compensate for losses caused by
development.
(Griffiths, Bull, Baker & Milner-Gulland, 2018) Conservation actions intended to
compensate for the residual, unavoidable harm to biodiversity caused by development
projects, so as to ensure no net loss of biodiversity.
(Squires & Garcia, 2018)Biodiversity depletion go beyond traditional environment-impact
mitigation measures and help relieve tension between conservation and development by
enabling economic gains to be achieved without concomitant biodiversity losses.

3.Research Design
The research design, based on a three-phase qualitative inductive approach. This design was
driven by the research domain, research aim and objectives.
The first phase is based on investigating the research domain to clarify the background and
context of the research.
The second and third phases are then linked to the empirical research objectives (objectives 2
and 3). The second phase is based on mapping out the range of theoretical expectations
surrounding the integration and interaction of Moradabad district of U .P and biodiversity
depletion, to develop a comprehensive picture of the possible dynamics of their relationship.

The third phase then explores the interaction of Moradabad district of U .P and biodiversity
depletion in practice, to see how ideas about integration are materialising on the ground. To
bring together theory and practice, the fourth objective was to then critically reflecting on
outcomes for future practice. These different phases of the data collection are clearly mapped
on to the different objectives of the research
3.1 Materials And Methods
The study will be carried out through experimental method. The sample will be analyzed
through experiment. Effluents from Moradabad district of U .P industrial area, with the
standard level of effluence water quality parameters which is the control variable that already
exists. It takes six months to carry out the research work, under the department of
Environmental Science of Geography. Experimental data will be collected and processed
very carefully.
3.2 Study Area
The study area, is located at the Moradabad district of U .P . Moradabad Subdivision and
Sambhal Subdivision. There are five tehsils in Moradabad District and eight blocks.In
Moradabad Subdivision there are three tehsils: Bilari Tehsil, Kanth Tehsil, Thakurdwara
Tehsil; and there are five blocks: Kundarki, Chajlet, Bhagtpur, Dilari and Mundapandey.
In Sambhal Subdivision there are three tehsils: Sambhal Tehsil, Chandausi Tehsil and
Gunnaur Tehsil ; and there are three blocks: Bahjoi, Panwasa and Asmoli. It is well known as
industrial area, where many industries are situated . A water body Aril River is linked with
the study area as the industrial effluent meets the river after 3 or 4 km distance through the
effluent carrying canal. The study is carried out in canal and in effluent channel from six
different industries outlet. A large amount of industrial effluent is discharged here daily from
different industries. Accordingly some of the farmers of villages are using this canal water for
irrigating different crops including rice, vegetables and fruits etc. By keeping this view it was
thought that this activity of the industry may cause the adverse effect not only over
environment but also over the farmers, the effects over farmers are in the form of health
hazards as well as over the socioeconomic strata of them.

3.3 Study design

The study involved sampling of effluents from six-industry outlet and at six selected points
along the receiving streams that drain a part of Moradabad district of U .P industrial area .
The aforementioned industries mainly discharge their untreated effluents into the canal.
3.4 Sampling
The study area was divided into six stations except than six factory outlets where industrial
effluent is available (in flowing condition). The effluence water samples were collected for
physico-chemical and heavy metal analysis from twelve stations of the surrounding
industrial aquatic environment (directly from the outlet of the factory linked to canal). Total
twenty-four samples will be collected (twelve samples for physico-chemical and twelve for
heavy metal analysis) in 100 ml Plastic bottles at a distance of about 50 meters from each .
The industrial waste water effluent samples will be collected randomly twice in a month in
morning, afternoon and evening session from different industries like pharmaceutical,
brass,textile, oil and surfactant, agrochemical, metallurgical, dyeing and fine chemical
industries of Moradabad district of U .P.
In order to conduct study on the Impact of industrial effluence on the biodiversity depletion,
generation of emission, production of wastes, I will go through an in-depth survey using an
interview schedule in five villages close to Moradabad district of U .P. I will be selected
twenty people from each village as my sample. Farmer, non-farmer, common people,
employees of Moradabad district of U .P, political party leader, NGOs workers, teachers,
doctors of locality, contractors related to ash disposal activities etc., are interviewed to find
veracity of the effect of emission and industrial effluence dumping on land. I will be
interviewing a total of 200 people using purposive sampling method as other methods will
not be suitable in my case. There will be neither list of villagers available to me, not do I
want to talk to a person will not have served my research purpose. I will be seeking answers
to specific questions about environmental issues. Not everyone in the village will be
interested to talk to me on this, nor do they have any information on the issue. I however
knew that the sampling technique I will be choosing will be statistically weak. But, the nature
of my research problem will be such that I could not afford to use and statistical techniques
for parametric test and analysis. Nevertheless, I tried to make up for any gap in information
by talking to several categories and groups of people from the field. Such a pragmatic policy
also ensured representativeness of my data to a large extent.
Objectivity of Research: Since I decide to collect qualitative data related to peoples’ views,
experiences on the problems but I will be compare and verified these against ‘scientific
findings’ which I will collect from different scientific journals, Research documents, and
reports etc., time to time on the topic as well as from books.

3.5 Analytical procedures

PH, EC, Na, K, Ca, Pb, Cd ,Cu, Ni etc. were determined from the Shri. Venkateswara
University, Moradabad soil science division Laboratory and Shri. Venkateswara University
moradabad Central laboratory while DO and TDS were determined from Central Laboratory
of Moradabad district of U .P Agricultural University. Samples were analyzed according to
Standard Methods for Examination of Water and Effluence water .

3.6 Data Analysis

At the ends of data collection, data were compiled, tabulated and analyzed. Statistical
analysis of the data generated out of the chemical analysis of water samples was done. The
SPSS and Microsoft Office Excel software were used for data analysis and presentation.
Various descriptive statistical measures such as range, number, percentage, mean, standard
deviation (SD), etc were used for categorization and describing the variables. Different
tables, graphs, charts, etc. were used for the presentation of findings.
3.7 Limitations and Strength:
Lack of infrastructural facilities for monitoring of ambient air quality in the area, absence of
adequate laboratory for chemical analysis of environmental components, non-availability of
meteorological and epidemiological data will be imposed some constraints on the findings of
this research. But adopting a mixed (qualitative and quantitative) methodological approach I
could try to overcome the limitations of my research.
There were some constraints in terms of meeting respondents at homes. All the respondents
seemed to be very busy during the day time, which became a real constraint for the research.
Even after work, they were found busy for household matters as many of them were head of
the household. Hence, much strain to be taken to meet and interview my respondents during
noon at cultivated field and on sometimes at home. Conducting FGDs also posed several
constraints for the same reason.
Also the sampling technique I followed is particularly weak from the statistical point of view
since ‘there is no way to calculate the limits of permissible error - the practical consequence
is that the sample varies in unknown ways from the universe’ . Moreover, a sample size of
twenty people from each village may not a reliable number for statistical generalisation.
These constraints and limitations, however, do not undermine the potentiality of this study.
Apart from formal interviews of 200 respondents, FGDs and informal conversations with
several other personalities in these villages provided useful data for the study. It is worth
mentioning here that these interviews were conducted in five villages in two Blocks.
Interviews of other stakeholders (plant’s workers, executives,managers, union leaders,
teacher, social workers) also provided valuable information. Data collected through such
interviews were supplemented by my observation of daily life of local people within the area
and sometimes at their home. Moreover, in order to understand changes in the landscapes,
living condition and state of environment, I also go to my field for few months in 2019. Such
a flexible approach allowed me to notice the impact of environmental changes in the area as
well as people’s perception on day-to-day life over the pollution and others.. I have to revise
many of my earlier observation based on my later findings. Has this last phase of research not
done, my findings would have provided a one-sided view. Considering the problems of
conducting research in and around Moradabad district of U .P, the strategy of field work
adopted by me turned out to be quite effective in gaining critical insights into the problem of
environmental degradation here. On the whole, this research has tried to present a synoptic
and holistic view about the processes of environmental degradation over a period of time that
stresses few months of 2019. I now can confirm that there is no alternative to doing field
research on critical issues over a substantial period of time. As social life today is in a state of
flux and it constantly moves from one point to the next, it is always better to take a
longitudinal view to arrive at certain generalisations.
4. Coverage And Scope Of The Research
The purpose of this part of the research project was to discover the extent to which
biodiversity has been discussed by the significant players within the context of business and
the perspective of the Moradabad district of U .P. The overview does not aim to be
exhaustive, since the literature is extensive, diverse and ever changing.
A holistic approach has been sought, throughout all the Chapters, to give the viewpoints of
stakeholders from, inter alia, business, government, and society, in tackling biodiversity
degradation on a national, European and wider global scale. Relevant instruments used by the
above are examined, for example, command and control regulation, economic, self-
regulation, voluntarism, and information strategies. As information is limited on biodiversity
impact management mechanisms in the Moradabad district of U .P, other areas of business
operations, business culture and organisational behaviour, with a connection to biodiversity
depletion, are examined in context, throughout the following Chapters.
5. Chapter division
This thesis consists of five chapters and a description of each chapter is provided below.
Chapter 1: Introduction
This chapter includes the specific problem at hand and is substantiated by the gaps identified
in the international impact of industrial effluence on the biodiversity depletion literature. The
chapter also stipulates the overarching aim of the research as well as the objectives, which
were derived from the gaps identified.
Chapter 2: Literature review
This chapter provides a broad overview of the literature, with specific reference to guidelines
and legal requirements for incorporating biodiversity in impact of industrial effluence on the
biodiversity depletion, which laid the foundation to conduct this research. In addition, this
chapter also indicates international weaknesses pertaining to biodiversity input to impact of
industrial effluence on the biodiversity depletion that were compared with weaknesses
identified for the Moradabad district of U .P.
Chapter 3: Research Methodology
This chapter comprises of the commencing with a theoretical background to the research.
This is followed by a thorough description of the methodology implemented to achieve the
research aim.
Chapter 4:Data Analysis
The results from the review are then presented and compared with international trends to
show common denominators and quality trends. Lastly, concluding remarks are provided.
Findings of Chapter 4 by providing a snapshot of the relationship between impact of
industrial effluence and biodiversity depletion biodiversity depletion in practice. This Chapter
reviews the findings of four cases studies by discussing different forms of connection
between EIA and biodiversity depletion, including structural, causal, substantive and delivery
connections. The comparative case study analysis in Chapter 7 illustrates a range of different
structural connections between EIA and biodiversity depletion, based on different
interpretations of the value and purpose of biodiversity depletion. These different structural
connections are then linked into different implications for impact identification, impact
significance and the mitigation hierarchy. Substantive and delivery connections are used to
discuss areas of disconnection.
Chapter 5: Conclusion and recommendations
The last chapter provides concluding remarks along with several recommendations to
improve biodiversity input to Moradabad district of U .P. Finally, recommendations for
further research on the topic are provided.

Appendix -I

Impact of industrial effluence on the biodiversity depletion in Moradabad district of U. .P

(Information provided in this survey will be used only for research purpose)
01. Name
02. Age
03. Sex M/F
04. Address Subdivision : Moradabad Subdivision, Sambhal Subdivision
05. Occupation
06. Income (in Rs.)
07. Education Below M.P/H.S/Graduation/Engineer/Doctor/Any other technical/ Above
Graduation
08. Residential Status : Permanent/Temporary or Occasional
09. What do you think are the problem of your area ? Indicate from the following
categories of problems.
(a) Socio-economic
(b) Environmental Health
(d) Others(specify)
10. (a) Does industrial effluence cause any environmental problems ? Yes/No.
(b) If yes, what types environmental problems industrial effluence cause for ?
11. How it affects?
12. What are their impact on health, agriculture and vegetation ? (State Details)
13. (a) Do people (including you) take any steps to counter these effects ? Yes/No.
(b) If yes , what steps ?
14. Any other problems in your area, give a list of the problems ?
15. (a) Are you worried about these problems ? Yes/No.
(b) If yes, what problems and why ?
16. (a) Do you think the problems may be solved ? Yes/No.
(b) If no , why not ?
17. (a) Do you propose any plan to solve them ? Yes/No.
(b) If yes, what plan do you propose ? (Details)
18. (a) Do you take any initiatives to solve the problems ? Yes/No.
(b) If yes, what initiatives do you take to solve them ? (Details).
19. (a) Do any other organizations (Govt/NGO) work for environment related
problems in your area ? Yes/No.
(b) If yes, Name the organizations and their (it’s) activities which are /each working
for environment related problems.
BIBLIOGRAPHY/REFERENCE

 Bhanarkar, A., Rao, P., Gajghate, D., & Nema, P. (2005). Inventory of SO2, PM and
toxic metals emissions from industrial sources in Greater Mumbai, India. Atmospheric
Environment, 39(21), 3851-3864. doi: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.02.052
 Griffiths, V., Bull, J., Baker, J., & Milner-Gulland, E. (2018). No net loss for people
and biodiversity. Conservation Biology. doi: 10.1111/cobi.13184
 HAUSMANN, A., SLOTOW, R., BURNS, J., & DI MININ, E. (2015). The
ecosystem service of sense of place: benefits for human well-being and biodiversity
conservation. Environmental Conservation, 43(02), 117-127. doi:
10.1017/s0376892915000314
 Hughes, A., Grabowski, J., Leslie, H., Scyphers, S., & Williams, S. (2017). Inclusion
of Biodiversity in Habitat Restoration Policy to Facilitate Ecosystem
Recovery. Conservation Letters, 11(3), e12419. doi: 10.1111/conl.12419
 Husaini, S., Zaidi, J., Matiullah, & Akram, M. (2011). Evaluation of toxic metals in
the industrial effluents and their segregation through peanut husk fence for pollution
abatement. Journal Of Radioanalytical And Nuclear Chemistry, 289(1), 203-211. doi:
10.1007/s10967-011-1062-6
 Le Coent, P., Préget, R., & Thoyer, S. (2017). Compensating Environmental Losses
Versus Creating Environmental Gains: Implications for Biodiversity
Offsets. Ecological Economics, 142, 120-129. doi: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2017.06.008
 Singare, P., & Dhabarde, S. (2014). Industrial pollution scenario due to discharge of
waste water effluents along Dombivali Industrial Belt of Mumbai, India - a physico-
chemical study. Interdisciplinary Environmental Review, 15(1), 20. doi:
10.1504/ier.2014.062136
 Squires, D., & Garcia, S. (2018). The least-cost biodiversity impact mitigation
hierarchy with a focus on marine fisheries and bycatch issues. Conservation
Biology, 32(5), 989-997. doi: 10.1111/cobi.13155

Dr. CHUTTAN KHAN JOSEPH K. J

(PH.D GUIDE IN GEOGRAPHY) PH.D STUDENT
PRINCIPAL, MAYFAIR COLLEGE SVU17010116
MORADABAD-DISTT.U.P.