RESPIRATORY PHYSIOLOGY

1. The maximum amount of gas that can be exhaled after a full inspiration
is called
a)Expiratory reserve volume
b)Vital capacity
c)Total lung capacity
d)Functional residual capacity

2. The largest volume of gas that can be moved into and out of the lungs in
1 minute by voluntary effort is called
a)Respiratiry minute volume
b)Minute ventilation
c)Maximal voluntary ventilation
d)Vital capacity

3. Which muscle doesn’t contract during forced expiration?

a)Internal intercostals
b)External intercostals
c)Transversus abdominis
d)Rectus abdominis

4. Functional residual capacity can be determined using

a)Routine spirometry
b)Computerized spirometry
c)Helium dilution method
d)Whole body plethysmography

5. Anatomical dead space is determined using

a)Whole body plethysmography
b)Spirometry
c)Single breath nitrogen curve
d)Single breath carbon monoxide method

6. Physiologic dead space is decreased in/by

a)The upright position compared to supine position
b)Positive pressure ventilation
 c)Neck flexion
d)Emphysema

7. During a tidal inspiration airflow velocity is least in

a)Nasopharynx
b)Trachea
c)Major bronchi
d)Bronchioles

8. Intrapleural pressure is positive during

a)Deep inspiration
b)Tidal expiration
c)Forced expiration
d)Tidal inspiration

9. Lung compliance is increased in

a)Pulmonary emphysema
b)Pulmonary Fibrosis
c)Surfactant deficiency
d)Acute pulmonary edema

10.Alveolar surfactant
a)Reduces surface tension of alveoli
b)Helps prevent alveolar collapse
c)Reduces movement of fluid from pulmonary capillaries into interstitial
d)All the above

11.Which of the following produce bronchodilation?

a)Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide
b)Epinephrine
c)Leukotriene C4
d)Platelet activating factor

12.In advanced emphysema

a)VC is decreased
b)RV is increased
c)FRC is increased
 d)TLC is increased

13.Breathing in individuals with restrictive lung disease is typically

a)Slow and deep
b)Slow and shallow
c)Rapid and deep
d)Rapid and shallow

14.Binding of oxygen to haemoglobin reduces its affinity for

carbondioxide.This is the
a)Bohr effect
b)Haldane effect
c)Hawthorne effect
d)Hamburger effect

15.The neurons pacing spontaneous breathing are located in

a)Pneumotaxic centre
b)Apneustic centre
c)Pre-Bottzinger complex
d)Dorsal motor nucleus of vagus

16.Apneusis typically occurs after

a)Damage to phrenic motor neurons
b)Damage to pneumotaxic centre
c)Lesions of pneumotaxic centre and vagotomy
d)Denervation of peripheral chemo receptors

17.J receptors are located in

a)Pulmonary interstitium
b)Alveoli
c)Bronchial mucosa
d)Roof of the fourth ventricle

18.Stimulation of J receptors results in

a)Apnea
b)Tachypnea
 c)Hyperpnea
d)Apnea followed by tachypnea
e)Bradycardia and hypotension

19.Hypocapnea is usually due to

a)Hypoxemia
b)Alkalosis
c)Decreased CO2 production
d)Alveolar hyperventilation

20.What is the treatment of choice for air embolism?

a)Continuous positive airway pressure
b)Gradual decompression
c)Hyperbaric oxygenation
d)Positive pressure ventilation