Name- SHUBHAM DANGAT

Roll no.-14 div.-A

Semester -5
Architectural theory
What is being modern, a modernist, a post-modernist and avant-garde in our
architecture literature and fashion?
Being modern means whose decision was not influence by the prejudices of the past, who is
accommodative to others idea, who is immune to any attempt by the society to remould his
behaviour, who is ready to learn new things. It also become using technology and using in
smarter way. Being stylish and trendy is secondary thing but having open thoughts and
thinking with presence of mind.
In the early 20TH century modernist style comes that response to large scale changes in both
technology and society. Modernist architecture is related with the building functions, rational
use of material, elimination of ornaments and openness of structure. Modernism developed
not just in architecture but also all other fields like literature, fashion. Modernism is
characteristics by rapid social change, advancement in science and industrialization. The
period after the world war 1 is associated with the movement in modernism.
The movement characterized by broad scepticism, relativism or subjectivism in late 20th
century is known as post modernism. It is reaction against assumptions and values of the
modern period in the history.

What is modernism in music? What is classical in music and how do you identify
different emotions in music?
The period of development and change in artistic field was referred as Modernism. Composer
felt that the necessity of making a break from past conventions in music. A new musical
language which express the mood of the modern age was create by them. The new
developing music proved to be emotionally provocative. It was by necessity; experimental.
The composer created music psychological portrait of the mood of early twentieth century. It
created what is believed to be some of the finest masterpieces of all the time. The developing
music style was criticized at the period of modern movement. And the public rejection was
increase by its unconventionality. The events like ballet its was unfit due to the sharp
expressive music. A period of diverse reactions and reinterpretation of previous categories in
music was consider the Modernist Movement in music. Innovation that led to a melodic and
rhythmic aspects of music, alteration of organizing and approaching harmonic was formed by
modernist composer.
Classical music is refers to the standard music of countries in the western world. The music
of Mozart, Haydn and early Beethoven describes the wester art music in classical period. In
between the Baroque and romantic period there was a classical period. Classical music is less
complex than Baroque as well as it has lighter and clear texture. This type of music is mainly
homophonic melodies. Basically, music is based upon song form, but classical music has
varieties of form. To make a big composition, some of the forms can be used over a long time
of span.
Music is more powerful than language. When the person who listened to music made by an
artist or person had same emotions created who made that music. Music transmitted by
combination of voices, sounds and instruments that can be made from inspiration and mix of
emotions. Innumerous amount of feeling can be described by notes of piano, happiness of
violin, tune of guitar without saying any word. When I hear the song and I receive and
understand the identity that comes with it, the song goes through the ear and then to the
heart directly and exploit with emotions that artist wants to feel.

How did Louis Kahn interpret classism and what is classical architecture?
Classical architecture began with ancient Greece. It was elaborated and developed by the
Romans. It is especially in between fifth century BC in Greece and third century AD in
Rome. This style involves purest and most familiar form. The Greek architecture is mainly
based on the post and beam system and columns taking the load. Doric, ionic, Corinthian,
Tuscan and composite are the orders in classical architecture. Classical architecture was huge
in visual aspects to show the capitalism or power. Many architects were influenced by such
architecture of Greece and Rome many public buildings and institute used neoclassical
architecture. Classic architecture is divided into three parts Greek architecture, Hellenistic
architecture, Roman empire. Classical architecture is always formal and many public
buildings have adopted the form. Rome. The style of classical architecture has been copied
throughout architectural history whenever architects looked to the ancient past for light and
motivation, and in search of what they may have regarded as lost ideals.

How did Kahn follow order? How did he interpret form and most importantly how did classical
architecture got reflected in his modern buildings?

Louis Kahn was well known architect of the 20th century in America. He also categorized as late
modern architect. In terms of rhythm of shadows and natural light usages he was very professional
architect. Kahn follows international architectural characteristics in his earlier work, but at the
middle of his career he changed his path. In the Perspecta journal he wrote an article which is order
and form. Compared to the international modern style there were some diversities in his
architectural approaches. He had visit to Egypt and Greece in 1950’s. In there he inspired from
medieval structures. He influences from monumental ancient design and reflects in his architecture.
Because of the effect of ancient ruins, the diversities in architectural approaches between Kahn and
modernists occurred. He combined classical architecture of solid forms with modern techniques.
Therefore, compared to the other architects Kahn did not have ordinary architectural view point.

Kahn always talk about order, design, form, space and their relationship. He believed that
architecture is nothing but thoughtful of making space. Space reflects its necessity. Essence of
space helps to design. Every design has a spirit and this spirit gives form to design. Kahn exploring
the inner essence of the particular space. According to this Kahn decided its order and form. Kahn
believed that in the final work, not only nature of space but also its spirit should be influentially
perceived from the viewer.

Why and how Kahn’s monumentality different from Rohe, Wright and le Corbusier?

Louis Kahn published essay discussed about monumentality in 1944. Kahn was known as MASTER
OF MONUMENTALITY in United States in that period. In 19th century Kahn played major part in the
development of monumentality. Kahn succeeded in conveying his ideals in many of the building like
Salk Institute, National Assembly Building in Dacca. To the creation of an architecture, one thing is
apparent and essential that will surpass its own generation, the people. Monuments can only occur
when the consciousness and culture of the people are unified and brought to the fore. Human
interest was constantly considered because of that Kahn succeeded in The National Assembly in
Dacca and Salk Institute.

Louis Kahn was open minded person. He didn’t set rule for the space. In his design the one single
space acts like multifunctional use. His structure is huge and has large openings on the façade. He
wants to connect the interior space to outer environment. On contract the le Corbusier sets
parameter for the space. In his structure, the space use as only specific function, does not act as
multifunction use. His most of the structure was made up of concrete.