Area – Philippine & World History, Rizal & Other Heroes

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PART I WORLD HISTORY

History – study of past events based on evidences; story man through the ages.

Periodization in History

1. Pre-historic – period when there were no written records of man’s progress.

a. Paleolithic or Old Stone Age
b. Neolithic or New Stone Age
c. Metal Age

2. Historic Period – men’s progress were recorded

a. Ancient
b. Medieval
c. Modern

I. Ancient World Cradles of Civilization: Asia and Africa

a. First civilization were in the river valleys

1. Mesopotamia – region between the Tigris and Euphrates River
(fertile crescent region)
2. Egyptian – a long banks of Nile river in Africa
3. India – in the valley of Indus river
4. Chinese – along the Yellow river

b. Early Religions
1. Hinduism – India
2. Zoroasterianism – Persia (Iran)
3. Christianity – Israel (formerly Palestine)
4. Islamism – Saudi Arabia

c. Important contribution
1. Mesopotamia –
a. art of irrigation
b. invention of wheels
c. cuneiform (form of writing)
d. Code of Hammurabi
e. Hanging Garden of Babylonian
f. Monotheism(worship of one god) of the Hebrews
g. Mosaic Law ( law given by god to Moses)
h. Phonetic Alphabet

2. Egyptian
a. Great Pyramid
b. Hieroglyphics as form of writing
c. Calendar of 365 days

3. Far East
3.1 India
a. Dravidians were the first inhabitants; invaded by Aryans
b. Caste System – a rigid social structure
c. Religion – Hinduism main feature reincarnation
 3.2 China
a. invented gun powder
b. printing press
c. produced textile called silk
d. civil service examination
e. Great Walls of China
f. Great philosophers – Confucius, Lao Tzu and Mencius

4. Western World

4.1 Greece
a. Isolated city government
b. Reform started by Solon
c. Cleisthenes and Pericles giving all classes of Athenesian citizens
chance to participate in government
d. Athens began the democratic system
e. Sparta had the militaristic system
f. Great Philosophers – Socrates, Plato, Aristotle
g. Hellenic culture

4.2 Rome
a. Romulus as founder in 753 B.C.
b. Under Etruscans Rome ruled by a king
c. Etruscan driven out to form a republic
d. Society: patrician (upper class) Plebeians (lower class)
e. War between Roman and Carthagenians (Punic war); Rome acquired
Spain
f. Julius Caesar expanded Rome’s territory
g. Octavian grand nephew of Caesar continued campaign of Caesar
h. Jurisprudence, Rome’s contribution

II Medieval Period

1. Dark Age – Barbaric tribes dominated

2. Supremacy of Christian Church – education revived through church; church had
great influence on people and government
3. Feudalism – socio political economic system that prevailed in Europe, a manorial
system was established; period of chivalry or knighthood
4. Crusades – series of military expeditions by Christians against Muslims to take
back Holy Land

III. Modern Period

A. Renaissance period – revival of Greek classics. Man’s confidence in his of life

Humanism was revived.

B. Age of Revolution

1. Intellectual Revolution – ideas of Francis Bacon, Rene Descartes, Voltaire

and Montesquin and Rousseau influenced thinking

2. Scientific Revolution- changes in scientific views ang age of inventions

3. Industrial Revolution

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 The name given by Arnold Toynbee to describe the changes in economic
life of England caused by remarkable series of inventions during the period of
1777 – 1815. Main feature of this period is the replacement of hand labor
with machine labor. Machines were first powered by waters: followed with
coal; then by electricity. Industrialization spread to other countries in the
later 19th century especially in Germany and United States.

The growth of an industrialized society brought with it many social

problem such as employment of child labor in factories and the growth of
new towns without regards for health and proper planning.

4. Commercial Revolution – brought about by colonial expansions

Imperialism – rule of powerful countries over weaker countries

5. Reformation – period of change in Western Christendom. Reform certain

beliefs in the Roman Catholic. The Catholic church reacted to the Protestant
movement by asserting itself and pushing back the tide of Protestanism. The
Council of Trent instituted many reforms dealing with conduct of church
officials but did not accept Protestant changes Ignatius de Loyola, founded
the society of Jesus and won back territories which were dominated by
Protestants. Through then Catholicism was spread America and Asia.

6. Political Revolution
The spread of liberal ideas led to revolution aimed at changing government.

6.1 American Revolution – (1775-1783) was a struggle for independence

from British rule by the thirteen colonies. It actually started over the
issue of taxation (no taxation without representation) and ended up as a
war independence. The war was fought for eight years, although by July
4, 1776, the Second Continental Congress of the 13 th colonies drew up
the famous Declaration Independence. At the Peace of Paris in 1783, the
independence of the colonies was recognized; a republican government
was formed with George Washington elected as the first president.

6.2French Revolution – (1789 – 1799) was inspired by the success of

American Revolution. Breakdown in government was precipitated the
revolution. It started with the Storming of the Bastille (royal fortress). A
new constitution was drawn up by the national assembly limiting the
power of Louis XVI. By 1872 the French Republic was declared. The king
was deposed and beheaded. An orgy of bloodshed followed called Reign
of Terror (1793 – 1794) where Queen Marie Antoinette was guillotined.
Fresh from military campaigns Napoleon Bonaparte returned to France
to eventually rule as dictator for he was made Consul for life by popular
vote. Later the French Legislature made him Emperor and through
brilliant military campaigns became Master of Europe.

C. Global Wars

1. World War I (1914–1918)

Caused by the assassination of the archduke Ferdinand of Austria on June 28,

1914 at Saravejo by a Serbian nationalist. Due to alliance form among
European powers (Triplet Intente: England, France and Russia and triple
Alliance; Germany, Austria and Turkey) the war in Balkans spread to other
parts of Europe and respective colonies.

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 USA entered the war in 1917 on the side of the Allied power after the British
commercial ship Lusitanica was sunk by German Torpedos were several
American lives were lost. By 1918 Germany sued for peace and settlement
followed. About 11 million died and the horror of the war was clear to many.

2. World War II (1935 – 1945)

This was a war of ideology; between totalitarism (Hitler’s Nazism;

Mussolini’s Fascism; and Japan’s totalitarism) and democracy.

European war begin in Sept. 1, 1939 when Hitler invaded Poland. The war in
the Pacific started with the bombing of the Pearl Harbor on December 8,
1941 by Japan, which drew USA into war on the side of the Allied Powers.
Prisoners of war in the Pacific were ill-treated while those in Europe millions
of Jewish and slaves civilians died in concentration camps such as in
Auschwitz.

US entry into the war in Europe turned to tide of the war in favor of the Allied
Powers. Germany and Italy surrendered in 1945. Meanwhile in the Pacific,
Japan surrendered only after the atomic bombs were dropped in Hiroshima
and Nagasaki.

D. Post War Period

Characterized by the struggle for supremacy between communism (USSR)

and democracy (USA). USSR showed intentions of composing communistic
rule on areas freed from axis control, such as in Germany and Korea. This
resulted in the so-called cold war, a state of a diplomatic tension or a war
nerves without resort to an actual fighting. There occurs a constant
maneuvering between the two powers for the economic advantage and for
the friendship of other countries. To avert or to prevent on state from
becoming powerful to endanger others, a balance of powers has to be
maintained.

PART II PHILIPPINE HISTORY

Much of the Philippine History tells of the libertarian struggle of the Filipinos
against colonial rule; Spaniards, Americans and Japanese. But even after the Filipinos
gained independence, the influence on our culture of the different colonial rulers is very
strong that the present Filipinos is still searching for his real identity.

A. Pre-colonial Philippines

Barangay was the socio-political unit with Datu as chieftain. Social classes existed:
nobles, freeman and slaves ( Aliping namamahay and aliping sagui-guilid). The
archipelago was divided into barangays, each barangay comprising of 40-100 families.
Contacts with other nations such as Chinese, Indians and Malays existed. Arab influence
Islam religion) was brought by Malays.

B. Hispanization of the Philippines

Magellan led an expedition for Spain to Molucas by sailing west. Such expedition
brought him to a group of islands which they called Archipelago of St. Lazaruz (Later
renamed Philippines after King Philip II of Spain). They anchored on Homonhon and
later sailed to an islet south of Leyte where they celebrated the first mass on March 31,

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 1521. While Magellan was killed in a battle with Mactan chieftain Lapu-Lapu,
nevertheless his expedition paved the way for the eventual colonization of the
Philippines by Spain.

In 1565, Miguel Lopez de Legazpi arrived to establish a permanent settlement in the

Philippines Island. He concluded blood compact with Sikatuna, chief of Bohol, then a
treaty of friendship with Rajah Tupas of Cebu where the first Spanish settlement (San
Miguel) was established. It was later renamed Santissismo Nombre de Jesus. Further
colonization was made in the Visayas and up north. De Goite fortified Manila which was
under Sulayman, a Muslim chieftain. In 1571, Legazpi established Manila as the capital
of the Philippines.

1. Political Changes
a. Government was centralized. For 250 years, Philippines was administered through
the Council of Indies which transmitted to the Governor General of the Philippines
the royal decree that served as guide in the administration of the colony.

b. Provincial governments started with encomiendas which were rewards given by

the Spaniards who helped in the pacification of the country. Encomenderos were
empowered to collect taxes, protect and convert natives to Catholicism. Due to
abuses perpetrated by encomenderos, encomiendas were abolished and replaced by
a system of provincial governments: Alcadia headed by Alcalde Mayor for pacified
areas and corregimentos headed by Corregidors for unpacified areas. Barangays
were retained and assimilated into bigger unit of government. Later, pueblos were
established which were headed by Gobernadorcillo.

2. Economic Policies - mostly characterized by monopoly that favored/benefited the

Spaniards.

a. Taxation: started as a tribute of 8 reales (about one peso). This was abolished in
1884 and personal cedula poll tax based on income was instituted for residents 18
years of age and above. Taxes were excessive and most of which went into pockets of
officials.

b. Forced Labor - Male from 16 to 66 years were required to render service to

government for 40 days supposedly with daily allowance and food ration, but the
polistas (laborers) were made to work without daily allowances and meager food
ration.

c. Encomienda – became the source of corruption of officials, particularly in the

sharing of produce between encomienda, workers and landowners. Encomienda
means land granted to deserving Spaniards who served the government.

d. Galeon Trade or Manila - Acapulco Trade; Doctrine of Mercantilism (monopoly of

goods from colonies) was imposed by Spain. Philippines only traded with China and
Mexico in the 16th century and goods were shipped by the Spanish galleons.

3. Tobacco Monopoly - for 100 years the government designated Nueva Ecija, Cagayan
Valley, Marinduque as tobacco planting districts later Northern Luzon provinces were
included. Tobacco was in great demand in Europe.

4. Religious Influence

Christian religion was introduced replacing the paganistic anito worship. Friars
were responsible for spreading the religion such as Franciscans, Jesuits (1581),
Dominicans (1587) and Recollects (1606). Early missionaries learned the dialects of the

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 people and introduced and highly church-oriented literature. Being superstitious were
utilized to hold the natives to practice the new religion such that folk Catholicism
resulted.

Education was controlled by friars. Religious orders founded the first school and
colleges. University of Sto. Tomas was the first university founded in 1611.

Growth of Filipino Nationalism

It was in the 19th century when national consciousness developed. Sporadic

Uprisings started as early as 1574 by Lakandula and followed by Sulayman then by
Magalat in 1596. Revolts by Tamblot, Bangkaw, Palaris, Dagohoy, Diego Silang and
many others grew intensely about 200 years later. Nationalism (devotion to or advocacy of
national unity and independence) developed due to the following factors: opening the
Philippines to World Trade; rise of the middle class; racial prejudice; Cavite mutiny
and the execution of Gomez, Burgos, and Zamora (GOMBURZA).

Campaign for reforms started with the formation by the middle class of Propaganda
Movement. Foremost among them where Lopez Jaena, M.H. del Pilar, and Rizal. The
movement failed to attain the reforms they demanded. However, their writings inspired and
opened the minds of the Filipinos. Andres Bonifacio founded the Katipunan
(Kataastaasang Kagalang-galangan na Katipunan ng Anak ng Bayan) KKK in July 7,
1892 on a radical platform: to secure independence and freedom of the Philippines by
force. The society remained secret until Patinio exposed the society to Fr. Mariano Gil on
August 19, 1896. At Pugad Lawin on August 23, 1896, the Katipuneros tore up their
cedulas shouting “ Long Lived the Philippines” thus marking the so-called “Cry of Pugad
Lawin”.

C. American Colonization

Spanish-American war erupted in Cuba, another Spanish colony in 1898. This event
led to the coming of the Americans to the Philippines. The defeat of the Spaniards by the
Americans led to a negotiation which was concluded by the Treaty of Paris in December 10,
1898. As provided for in the Treaty, the Philippines was ceded by Spain to USA and USA
paid $20 million for the territory.

Aguinaldo who was in exile in Hongkong returned to the Philippines thinking that
US liberated us from Spain. On June 12, 1898 he proclaimed the independence of our
country. On June 23, 1898, Aguinaldo changed our form of government from dictatorial to
revolutionary. After the promulgation of the Malolos Constitution in January 21, 1898.
Aguinaldo inaugurated the Philippine Republic in Jan. 23, 1899.

Due to the cession of the Philippines to US, hostilities erupted between the Filipinos
and Americans. The unfortunate incident at San Juan Bridge where 2 Filipinos were fired at
on February 4, 1899 which led to the Filipino-American war. It was only after the capture of
Aguinaldo on March 23, 1901 that hostilities ended although pocket resistance continued in
some areas.

American Colonial Policy

US President McKinley proclaimed the policy “Benevolent Assimilation”. He

emphasized the Filipino should be trained for self-government.

The Filipinization policy expressed American intentions of training Filipinos for self-
government. As early as 1900, Filipinos were allowed to take over positions in municipal,

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provincial and national government. By 1901 Cayetano Arellano was appointed chief of the
supreme court.

The promise of independence was contained in Jones Law of 1916. With the passage
of the Hare – Hawes Cutting Law, a ten-year transition was provided. This independent law
was later amended by the Tyding Mc Duffie Law.

The inauguration of the Commonwealth government on Nov. 15, 1935 marked the
beginning of the transition period. Manuel Quezon as the president launched the social
justice program aimed at giving justice to the common people.

D. Japanese Occupation

On Dec. 8, 1941, Japan bombed Pearl Harbor, the US naval base in Hawaii. This
marked starts of World War II in the Pacific. As early as Sept. 1, 1939, war started in Europe
with Germany’s invasion of Poland.

Japan successfully occupied the Philippines after the fall of Bataan and Corregidor.
From 1942 – 1944, the Filipino experienced brutality in the hands of the Japanese until the
return of Gen. Douglas Mc Arthur, Japan finally surrendered after the Hiroshima (August 6,
1945) and Nagasaki (August 9, 1945) were destroyed by atomic bombs.

Commonwealth government was reestablished with Sergio Osmenñ a as president

because Quezon died in New York in 1944. In 1946, election for republican government was
held and Manuel Roxas won the presidency.

E. Postwar Administration

1. President Manuel Roxas

Worked for the reconstruction and rehabilitation of the war-damaged country.

His problem was compounded by the subversive activities of the Huks (formerly a
guerilla movement) He died without finishing his term.

2. President Elpidio Quirino

Minimized with the Huk problem with the help of Defense Secretary Ramon
Magsaysay. Established (LASEDECO Law Settlement and Development Corp. ) for
landless farmers and Huk surrenders.

3. President Ramon Magsaysay

Man of the Masses. He promised to give common tao justice. Established the
NARRA (National Rehabilitation and Resettlement Administration) to continue
the resettlement program of previous administration.

4. President Carlos Garcia

Famous of his “Filipino First” policy and Austerity Program.

5. President Diosdado Macapagal

The most agrarian reform law, agricultural land, reformed code was signed by
him. This provided for the abolition of tenancy.

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 6. President Ferdinand Marcos

Promised to make this country Great Again ruled for 20 years during which time
he:
a. work for the changing of 1934 constitution and result was the
constitution of 1973 providing for a parliamentary government.
b. declared Martial Law in 1972 because of the deteriorating peace and
order in our country.
c. abolished congress upon the declaration of Martial Law.
d. the latter part of his regime was popularly known as dictatorship.

Benigno Aquino was assassinate in 1983 which generated protest and

demonstration that culminated in the EDSA Revolution were the People’s
Power was manifested. This put to an end for 20 years rule of Ferdinand
Marcos, Corazon Aquino, widow of Benigno Aquino assumed the presidency
in February 25, 1986.

7. President Corazon C. Aquino

First woman President of the Philippines

a. restored democracy by;
 holding elections for congress and local government
 framed and ratified constitution of 1987
 restored freedom of the press and speech
 released political prisoner

b. Worked for economic recovery

8. President Fidel V. Ramos

Known for his Philippines 2000 which is meant to make the Philippines an
economically developed country.

PART III RIZAL and other HEROES

A. JOSE RIZAL: A man of many talents

1. Famous quotations:
 “In order to read the destiny of a nation it is necessary to open the book of
the past.”
 “What is the use of independence if the slaves of today are the tyrants of
tomorrow.”
 “Every country gets the fate it deserves”

2. As Writer and Propagandist

 Wrote poems since he was eight years old with themes ranging from love of
family, nature, devotion to Jesus and Mary, tribute to women, love of country
 Wrote essays: Indolence of the Filipinos; the Philippine a Century Hence
 Writer in La Solidaridad and authored the famous NOLI and FILI novels

3. As an Artist: painter, sculptor

4. Educator: taught while in exile in Dapitan; expressed his views on education in
novels and poems as regards curriculum, discipline, good teacher training institution;
screening students
5. Economist: believed that economic independence should precede political freedom

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 6. Farmer: while in Dapitan he initiates many improvements in cattle raising, and
encouraged the planting of various crops and plants/trees
7. Historian: annotated Morga’s Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas and in his propaganda
materials he manifested deep and broad knowledge in world and Philippine history
8. Opthalmologist: restored sight of many persons including his mother
9. Physician: practiced medicine
10.Philologist: produced excellent studies on various European and Asian languages
11. Scientist: recognized as a scientist by Europe’s great scientists such as Feodor Jagor,
Dr. Meyer, Dr. Virchow. He discovered rare specimens. While in Dapitan he conducted
ethnographic, geological and geographical investigations
12.Engineer: had the title of Surveyor; was a Sanitary Engineer; set up a waterworks
system in Dapitan
13.Inventor: invented a cigarette lighter which he sent to Blumentritt; invented brick
making machine in Dapitan

B. Other Heroes

1. Lapu-lapu – Chief of Mactan whose force killed Magellan

2. Francisco Dagohoy – leader of the Bohol revolt in 1744 to 1829. It near the longest
revolt in Philippine History
3. Fathers Burgos, Gomez and Zamora (Gomburza) – three priests who were
executed for allegedly investigating the Cavite Meeting of 1872. Their execution
kindled Filipino spirit of nationalism
4. Graciano Lopez Jaena – founder and first editor of La Solidaridad and foremost
Filipino Orator
5. Marcelo del Pilar – with Rizal and Lopez Jaena they formed the triumvirate which
spearheaded the Propaganda Movement – Known by the penname Plaridel and was
a journalist and also became editor of the La Solidaridad
6. Emilio Jacinto – brain of the Katipunan and adviser to Bonifacio. Wrote “Cartilla”, of
the Katipunan.
7. Andres Bonifacio – founder of the Katipunan and led the Revolution of 1896. He
was known as the Great Plebeian
8. Emilio Aguinaldo – declared independence from Spain on June 12, 1898
9. Apolinario Mabini – Brains of the Revolution; adviser to Aguinaldo. Known as the
“Sublime Paralytic”.
10.Juan Luna – a great Filipino painter whose work the “Spolarium” was greatly
acclaimed by Europeans
11.Antonio Luna – a great military tactician who was of the great generals of the
revolution
12.Gregorio del Pilar – hero of Tirad Pass and the youngest general of the revolution

PRACTICE TEST

I. Direction: Read the question carefully. Choose the letter which represents the
best answer.

1. Allied Powers and Axis were the protagonist in the World War II. US entered the war
on the side of the Allied Powers and turned to the tide of the war in their favor.
Which AXIS power was the first to surrender to the Allied Power?
a. Japan c. Turkey
b. Germany d. Italy

2. Monotheism or the belief of one god was first associated with the Jewish people.
However, an Egyptian ruler, Amenhoetep IV espoused the idea of Monotheism in
Egypt. What name did Amenhoetep assumed later?
a. Ramses c. Thutmose

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 b. Akhnaton (Akhenaten) d. Khufu

3. Feudalism was not uniform in all countries however the characteristics features are
the same. Which among the following was not the feature of feudalism?
a. Fealty c. Feif
b. Guild d. Homage

4. Among the following religions, which religion believes in reincarnation?

a. Christianity c. Hinduism
b. Judaism d. Islamism

5. This was the language used during the middle ages. It was used by the Christian
Church in all its ceremonies/rituals.
a. French c. Latin
b. Italian d. Spanish

6. The propaganda movement was one example of Filipino nationalism. However most
people of today doubt the nationalism intention of the propagandist due to its non-
advocacy of:
a. Assimilation of the Philippines by Spain
b. Reform in the administration of the Philippines
c. Separation of the Philippines from the Spain
d. Annexation of the Philippines

7. After the Fil-Am war the Americans imposed restrictions on Filipinos. The ten year
period was referred as period of suppressed nationalism and one policy was
reconcentration which means:
a. formation of the federal party
b. capture of rebel soldiers
c. restrictions in the membership in armed bands
d. settlement of Filipinos in one area

8. In pre-colonial Philippines the judicial process has similarity with that practiced
in Europe.
a. Judge c. Ordeal
b. Jury d. Elders

9. The religious schism which occurred in our country during the 1896 –1898
revolutions resulted in the formation of a religious sect popularly known as
a. Iglesia ni Kristo c. Aglipay church
b. Anglican Church d. Episcopal church

10. The Japanese successful invasion of the Philippines was climaxed by the surrender
of the joint Fil-Am forces in May 6, 1942 in
a. Bataan c. Capas
b. Corregidor d. Manila

11. Industrial revolution is characterized by the factory system. What was the effect of
the factory system in the family?
a. it unified the family c. it weakened the family
b. it strengthened the family d. it solidified the family

12. The 9th century in Europe was period of struggle or nation states to unite for fear of
Austrian domination. In the unification of Italy young Italy was a by word. What is
young Italy?
a. an army c. an ideal

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 b. an organization d. an order

13. The term “Barbarians” was first applied by the Greeks to the Persians during the
ancient period. In the middle ages, the word has come to be used almost exclusively
for the tribes of this origin.
a. Asians c. Germans
b. Romans d. Russians

14. Which among the following epic tells the story of a man who fought the Moors to
prevent Islamism from dominating his country?
a. song of Roland c. Beowulf
b. Don Quixote d. El Cid

15. One principle upheld by the congress of Vienna was the principle of legitimacy. This
means that rulers of European nation be
a. deposed from power c. removed from power
b. retained in power d. restored in power

16. The North Atlantic Pact agreed by the Western nations after World War II was an
alliance whose stance is
a. defensive c. aggressive
b. offensive d. non-military

17. Humanism of ancient period is associated with this group of people who valued so
much man’s capacity for excellence
a. Romans c. Assyrians
b. Egyptians d. Greeks

18. Political revolution of the late 18 th and 19th centuries was characterized by the
overthrow of the existing government. Latin American revolution of 1775 was an
example of this. Which among the following causes of revolutions was NOT TRUE to
Latin American and USA.
a. Taxation c. Mercantilism
b. abuses of colonizers d. Abuses of despotic divine

19. Filipinization Policy was started by Govt. Taft. This was meant to make Filipinos
accept America Sovereignty. This is described as the policy of …
a. introducing American culture
b. gradual substitution of American officials with Filipinos
b c. allowing Filipinos to display Filipino flag
d. encourage Filipinos to promote Filipino product

20. The use of magic charms as very common among pre-Spanish Filipinos. One of these
is anting-anting or agimat which is meant to
a. insure the possessor against weapon of every kind
b. made the possessor lovable to ladies
c c. made the possessor invisible
d. made him walk is storm or sea without getting wet

II. Direction. Encircle the letter which represents the best answer.

1. Pre-colonial trade in the Philippines was prosperous business transaction made of

a. money system c. credit system
b. barter system d. banking system

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2. Memberships in the Katipunan comes in grader: Katipunan, first; Kawal, second;
Bayani, third. Each had a specified color and design as well as password so they
could maintain their secrecy of movement. The password for the Kawal grade was:
a. Rizal c. Kawal
b. Gomburza d. Sundalo

3. Memories of brutality which was inhuman during the Japanese regime were
always associated with a particular Japanese group called:
a. Kalibapi c. Kamikaze
b. Kempetai d. Samurai

4. Men and women of pre-colonial times had weakness for personal adornment.
Aside from jewels, tattooing of the body was common. In the Visayas tattooed men
were called
a. Umalahokan c. Ati
b. Pintados d. Polista

5. As promised by Gen. McArthur, he would return to liberate the Filipinos after he

could train troops in Australia. The Leyte landing signified the liberation of the
Philippines, as well as the return of the Commonwealth government. Who was the
Commonwealth President who came with McArthur?
a. Romulo c. Osmenñ a
b. Roxas d. Quezon

6. The American promise granting independence to Filipinos after a transition

period was contained in the following legislation EXCEPT:
a. Jones Law
b. Hares-Hawes Cutting Law
c. Philippine Bill 1902
d. Tydings-McDuffe Law

7. The practice of having surnames was started during the Spanish regime
through the order of …
a. Gov. Gen. Jaudenes c. Gov. Gen Dela Torre
b. Gov. Gen. Claveria d. Gov. Gen. Polavieja

8. The veneration of the soul spirits was common among ancient Filipinos
memories of their dead relatives were kept alive through carved idols. This
practice was called
a. Cult of the Dead c. Nature Worship
b. Mass of the Dead d. Divination

9. The Industrial Revolution brought about a new class people. The people who
belong to this class comprised the greater percentage of the population. The term
used for them was …
a. middle class c. clergy
b. nobility d. working class

10. After the Congress of Vienna, the Matternich System checked Liberalism and
Democracy. To prevent the application of the Matternich System in the Western
Hemisphere, the US president issued this policy called
a. Blood and Iron c. Monroe Doctrine
b. Hoover Moratorium d. Truman Doctrine

11. The scramble for territories overseas took a rapid pace after 1871. Within the
period of 1880-1910 powerful nations practically partitioned the world among

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 themselves. Acquired territories became source of raw materials and market for
finished products. What is the proper term for this movement?
a. Balance of Power c. Concession
b. Imperialism d. Sphere of Influence

12. The period of 1894 to the end of 19 th century saw the rise of nation state
characterized by intense nationalism where people fought for human rights. Who
among the following was responsible for unifying German into nation?
a. Cavour c. Bismarck
b. Garibaldi d. William of Prussia

13. Alexander the Great dreamed of blending the culture of Greeks with the east. He
successfully launched campaign against the Persians in order to take control of the
East. Thus the merging of the two cultures was achieved. What term is applied to
the blending of Greek and Eastern culture?
a. Hellenic c. Hellenistic
b. Graeco Oriental d. Graeco-Roman

14. In the early part of the 20 th Century. East Europe was the problem area due to
the growing nationalism of the people in this territory. This territory is specially
referred to as the Balkans. What was the popular term applied to this critical area
which was to be spot where a great way may start?
a. danger spot c. trouble zone
b. power keg d. explosive region

15. Greek powers in Europe and Asia formed alliance after World War I for the
purpose of security. Alliance at this time were identified because of ideology they
advocated which was either totalitarianism or democracy. Which among the four
countries was on the side of the democratic bloc?
a. Italy c. Russia
b. Japan d. Germany

16. Africa is popularly known as the dark continent. This term meant to describe
Africa because
a. its people are predominantly dark color
b. the people are uncivilized
c. little is known of the place
d. it had never been fully explored and settled

17. Law making body of the country is called by a specific name, usually by a term in
their own language. Which country has the Reichstag as its law making body?
a. France c. Germany
b. Russia d. Australia

18. Communist influence spread with the successful take-over of Lenin in Russia in
the 1917 Revolution. Communism is against.
a. collectivisation c. private property
b. workers rule d. cooperation

19. What do Bolshevism, Hitlerism, Fascism have in common?

a. abolition of private property
b. government-controlled political party
c. belief in the increase in population
d. establishment of a corporate state

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 PRACTICE TEST

III. Direction: Read the questions carefully. Choose the letter which represents the
best answer.

1. Rizal traveled a lot and met many foreign friends. Who among the
following was considered a best friend of Rizal?
a. Otto Becker c. Henry Kipping
b. Ferdinand Blumentritt d. Karl Wilmer

2. Rizal’s famous poem “To the Filipino Youth” emphasized that

a. Young Filipinos should fight for their country
b. Educated Filipino youth should give importance to their country
c. Filipino youth must work hard for their country
d. Young Filipinos are needed by the country

3. Filipino as a term used in reference to the natives started during Rizals’ time.
Previous to this, the Spaniards had always referred to the natives as
a. Creoles c. Indios
b. Insulares d. Peninsulares

4. In his early life, Rizals’ family had been in good terms with the Spaniards,
particularly Spanish officials. His first real experience of Spanish injustice and
cruelty occurred when
a. his brother Paciano was maltreated in school, the Dominican College of
San Jose
b. his mother was imprisoned
c. his father’s property were confiscated
d. he was not allowed to receive the first prize in a poem contest

5. The organization formed by Rizal to bring Filipinos together into a cohesive

group that would give mutual protection to each other in any adversity and provide
defense against violence and injustice:
a. Circulo Hispano Filipino
b. La Liga Filipina
c. Propaganda Movement
d. Indios Bravos

6. Which among the following books did Rizal scholarly work on by annotating it in
order to help Filipinos broaden their knowledge about their past?
a. Noli Me Tangere
b. El Filibusterismo
c. Sucesos de la Islas Filipinas
d. Les Miserables

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