NAME : RIA FITRIANI

PDEC 3 MONTHS

Attitude of Local Community Residents towards the Construction

of Geothermal Power Plants or Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Panas
Bumi (PLTP) (A Study of the residents of Ngebel Village, Ngebel
District, Ponorogo Regency).

Introduction:
Development, as we know it, is said to be a process of change to a better
direction. In the era of globalization, which pace is accelerating as it is today, the
main task of the government is to guarantee what is called public welfare.
Development that has been proclaimed so far will be able to run according to
mutual expectations if it gets a positive response from the community, as stated by
Gran (in Yuwono 2001: 54) that increasing human well-being is the central focus
of development where the implementation of community development determines
goals, sources of supervision and direction of development implementation
processes.
Indonesia as an archipelago that stretches its equator has abundant natural
resources. These natural resources are a crucial source of energy for survival and
life. Indonesia has great potential to develop new and renewable energy. Sunlight,
wind, biomass, ocean waves, flowing water (hydro), and geothermal (geothermal)
as a sustainable natural process are always available in Indonesia. These energy
sources are important energy sources that are environmentally friendly, do not
pollute the environment, and do not contribute to climate change and global
warming.
East Java is one of the few provinces in Indonesia that is blessed with a
diverse and abundant potential of energy and mineral resources. If traced from
North to South (starting from the coast and the waters of the Java Sea to the coast
of the Indian Ocean) and from West to East (from the border of East Java -
Central Java to the coast of the Bali Strait, sources and centers of natural wealth
are found can be grouped into two mineral resources: energy minerals (oil and gas
and geothermal) and mineral metals / non-metal / industrial minerals (tin sand,
sulfur, phosphate, mica, sulfur, fluorite, feldspar, ziolite and diatomea). issues and
discourses about the energy crisis and the depletion of oil and gas reserves in
Indonesia, the potential of energy mineral resources in East Java is a breath of
fresh air that brings optimism for the future of energy resources in Indonesia.
energy (Media Indonesia, 2013).
Based on information reported in tumoutounews.com (2017), East Java is
one of the provinces with a surplus of electricity. The Governor's excess
electricity was utilized by inviting foreign investors to invest in East Java. Some
neighboring countries such as Thailand and China are interested in investing in
East Java because of the availability of good electrical energy. This can be seen
from data on the increase in electricity production in East Java which shows that
electricity production in 2016 reached 35.08 million MWh, up 6.5 percent over
the previous year. Compared to 2011, electricity production has increased by 34.1
percent.
Meanwhile, the lowest installed power was recorded at the Situbondo
branch office at 315.8 thousand KVA followed by the Ponorogo branch office at
464.8 thousand KVA. Based on electricity consumption, the South Surabaya
branch office recorded the highest of 3.95 million MWh, followed by Mojokerto
(3.7 million MWh), Pasuruan (3.41 million MWh) and Sidoarjo (3.06 million
MWh). The smallest electricity consumption was recorded at Ponorogo and
Situbondo branch offices, each with 498.8 thousand MWh and 638.2 thousand
MWh. The availability of electricity is very crucial, considering electricity is a
driver of the regional economy.
Even though Ponorogo Regency according to the data above is recorded as
the area with the smallest electricity consumption, this region has the potential as
a large electricity producer located in the Ngebel District area. Ngebel's
geothermal potential is located in the Gunung Wilis area of Ponorogo district,
East Java. Preliminary surveys are carried out by Pertamina (Persero).
Furthermore, with more detailed investigation, including geological analysis,
geochemical analysis, geophysical analysis and analysis of oil drilling obtained
the results of the Padusan water with a temperature of 74 ° C, alteration rock and
fumanol with a temperature of 87.7 ° C, estimated subsurface temperature around
240 ° C, the prospect area is around 15 square kilometers, environmental
conditions are volcanic deposits of Mount Wilis, and potential reserves of 120
MW are estimated. This potential is sufficient to meet the electricity needs of 330
thousand home connections (Radar Madiun, 2013).
Meanwhile, related to the planned construction of a Geothermal Power
Plant (PLTP) which will be built in Wagir Lor Village, Ngebel District, based on
data from ekonom.compas.com (2017), it is estimated that it will produce 55 MW
of electricity potential. At present, the winning contractor for the PLTP has
expanded the road to facilitate the traffic of large vehicles that are in the interests
of the construction of geothermal power plants. Based on the information the
researchers obtained from online news, the development project is targeted to be
completed by 2020 (ekonom.kompas.com, 2017).
The Government of Ponorogo Regency itself through the Regional
Regulation or Peraturan Daerah (Perda) of Kabupaten Ponorogo Number 1 of
2012 concerning the Ponorogo Regency Spatial Plan or Rencana Tata Ruang
Wilayah (2012-2032) has regulated the development of infrastructure to increase
electricity productivity by developing Geothermal Power Plants in the Ngebel
District area. It was stated that the Ngebel District area is a mining allotment area,
namely geothermal. Even the Ngebel District area is also mentioned as an ethanol
and geothermal processing industry area. The Regional Regulation on Spatial
Planning stipulates strategic areas, one of which states that the Strategic Area Plan
in the interests of Utilization of Natural Resources and / or High Technology both
at the Provincial level includes Geothermal potential development areas, namely
Ngebel in Ponorogo Regency.
However, it would have become a necessity if planning, implementation,
and the results of development should be community oriented, including local
communities. Community involvement is very important in development, because
community involvement is needed as an effort to integrate the top down model
with bottom up so that programs in development can be accepted by the
community and in accordance with the needs needed, and at the same time
become a motivational tool for the community to foster a sense of responsibility
towards the results and implementation of development (Suryono: 2010: 254).
This is what underlies this important research to be carried out, with the extent to
which the attitude of citizens towards an object of development, especially related
to their perceptions and acceptance or rejection. For this reason, the researcher
took the title of the Attitudes of Local Community Residents towards the
Construction of Geothermal Power Plants or Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga
Panas Bumi (PLTP) (A Study of the residents of Ngebel Village, Ngebel
District, Ponorogo Regency).