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7 AC power is supplied to
a) torque receiver only
b) torque transmitter only
c) both the torque receiver and torque transmitter
The correct answer is c Read up on torque synchros
8 This is a diagram of
a) a TRIAC
b) an SCR
c) a Schottky diode
The correct answer is b You just have to know the different types of semiconductor applications
9 How is a PCB protected after manufacture?
a) With non-conductive varnish
b) With wax
c) By conformal coating
The correct answer is c Although varnish is often used on PCBs, 'conformal coating' is the name of the
process usually applied to aircraft use PCBs. Aircraft Electricity and Electronics 5th Edition Eismin Page 120
10 A differential synchro
a) can only be used as a transmitter
b) can only be used as a receiver
c) can be used as either a transmitter or a receiver
a) Common base
b) Common emitter
c) Common collector
The correct answer is b Learn all the amplifier configurations
F = A.B.C
a) AND
b) OR
c) NOT
F = A+B+C
a) NOT
b) NOR
c) OR
7 To decrease the voltage gain of a common emitter amplifier you would increase the
resistance in the
a) base circuit
b) collector circuit
c) emitter circuit
The correct answer is b Decreasing the collector resistance (RL) increases the output voltage of the
transistor.
8 A resolver has
a) 2 coils on the rotor and 2 coils on the stator
b) 3 coils on the rotor and 2 coils on the stator
c) 2 coils on the rotor and 3 coils on the stator
9 The 'null' point on a control synchro is when the two rotors are
a) at 90o to each other
b) parallel to each other
c) wired in series
The correct answer is a Read up on synchros
The correct answer is c Read up on the different types of diode. Aircraft Electricity and Electronics 5th
Edition Eismin Page 121
The correct answer is b Get a copy of Pallett's Automatic Flight Control and read up on servos
The correct answer is c See Pallett Aircraft Instruments and Integrated Systems pg 135.
The correct answer is b A metal oxide film is etched onto the surface of the IC to make the conductors.
4 This symbol is
a) a diode
b) a triac
c) a transistor
The correct answer is a Learn the electronic component symbols. Aircraft Electricity and Electronics 5th
Edition Eismin Page 384
6 A reduction from the optimum setting of the velocity feedback in a servo loop could cause
a) low servo gain
b) instability
c) slow response
8 The phase difference between the supplies of a two phase induction motor is
a) 180o
b) 90o
c) 0o
The correct answer is b The phase difference of the two phases applied to an induction motor is 90 degrees.
a) differentiator
b) integrator
c) adder
The correct answer is a A differentiator uses a resistor in the feedback loop across the op amp.
The correct answer is a Since both rotors are supplied with the same AC, reversing the connections to both
will have no effect.
4 This symbol is
a) an LED
b) a laser diode
c) a photodiode
The correct answer is c The photodiode is used in reverse bias. The minority current increases when light
shines on it.
5 When a positive voltage is applied to the base of a normally biased n-p-n common emitter
amplifier
a) the emitter current decreases
b) the collector voltage goes less positive
c) the base current decreases
The correct answer is b Sketch the circuit and work it out.
6 An amplifier current gain will be slightly less than 1, but its voltage gain will be high, if it is
connected in the
a) common base configuration
b) common emitter configuration
c) common collector configuration
The correct answer is a Only the common base configuration provides a current gain of less than 1.
The correct answer is c See Pallett Aircraft |Instruments and Integrated Systems pg 135.
2 If the rotor of the receiver in a torque synchro system was prevented from aligning with the
transmitter rotor, then
a) the transmitter rotor will turn to align with the receiver rotor
b) the receiver will overheat
c) a high current will flow in the stator windings
The correct answer is c Current flows in the stator whenever the rotor are not in correspondence.
3 This is a diagram of a
a) differentiator
b) integrator
c) adder
The correct answer is b An integrator has the capacitor in the feedback loop across the op amp.
4 A zener diode
a) stabilizes voltage at a predetermined level
b) allows current to flow in one direction
c) acts like a switch
The correct answer is a Zener diodes are usually used in voltage regulator circuits. Aircraft Electricity and
Electronics 5th Edition Eismin Page 385
5 The common collector amplifier is sometimes called the emitter follower circuit because
a) the emitter current follows the collector current
b) the emitter voltage follows the base voltage
c) the emitter voltage follows the collector voltage
The correct answer is b Read up on transistor configurations and their respective outputs/inputs.
7 When a servo has reached its null and stopped, the velocity feedback is
a) zero
b) maximum and anti-phase
c) maximum and in phase
The correct answer is a Velocity feedback will stop when the load is at rest.
The correct answer is b Rate feedback is to prevent excesive overshoot and oscillation.
The correct answer is b An AC rate servo is designed to rotate a load (such as a radar dish) at a constant
speed continually.
4 The result of cross connecting two of the transmission leads in a torque synchro system
and then turning the rotor of the transmitter 60o clockwise would be
a) the receiver would move 60o clockwise
b) the receiver would move 120o anticlockwise
c) the receiver would move 60o anticlockwise
6 In a torque synchro that includes a differential synchro the power supply is connected to
a) the transmitter rotor only
b) the transmitter and receiver rotors only
c) all three rotors
The correct answer is b See Pallett Aircraft Instruments and Integrated Systems pg 135.
The correct answer is a See Pallett Aircraft Instruments and Integrated Systems pg 135.
The correct answer is b High current flows in the stators whenever the rotors are not in correspondence.
9 With the reversal of the connections to the rotor of the transmitter of a torque synchro, the
position of the receiver rotor will be
a) unchanged
b) changed by 120o
c) changed by 180o
The correct answer is c Stick-off voltage is to prevent alignment to a false null (i.e. 180 degrees out) when
system is switched off.
2 An amplifier can provide both voltage gain and current gain when it is connected in the
a) common base configuration
b) common emitter configuration
c) common collector configuration
The correct answer is b Only the common emitter configuration provides both current and voltage gain
greater than 1.
The correct answer is a See Pallett Aircraft Instruments and Integrated Systems pg 135.
5 A servo system may include a brake, an automatic trim system is one example where a
brake is used. The brake is
a) applied during trimming to prevent oscillations about the demand position
b) applied when trimming is complete to prevent stabilizer creep
c) applied during trimming to prevent servo runaway
The correct answer is b The trim switch often consists of 2 separate switches. One is to release the brake,
the other is to switch on the motor.
The correct answer is c See Pallett Aircraft Instruments and Integrated Systems pg 135.
The correct answer is c In a control synchro, the stator is supplied with current at all times, whatever the
transformer rotor position.
8 In a speed control servo system (rate control), the purpose of the tachogenerator is
a) to make the velocity proportional to servo demand
b) to make the deflection proportional to servo demand
c) to make it run at constant speed
The correct answer is c The tachogenerator is to make the load rus at a constant speed.
9 The result of reversing the rotor connections to the receiver of a torque synchro system is
that the rotor position
a) is unchanged
b) is changed by 120o
c) is changed by 180o
The correct answer is a The excitation voltage is that necessary to magnetise the rotor.
This is exam number 9. You've been here 1 times.
1 When a hole diffuses from a p-region to the n-region it
a) becomes a minority carrier in the n-region
b) lowers the potential barrier
c) raises the potential barrier
The correct answer is c This is decriptive of holes crossing the PN junction to form the depletion layer.
Aircraft Electricity and Electronics 5th Edition Eismin Page 111
The correct answer is a Pins on an IC are always numbered counter-clockwise from the dot. Aircraft
Electricity and Electronics 5th Edition Eismin Page 140
The correct answer is a Tachogenerator feedback opposes the error signal and thus reduces amplifier
output.
4 Angular displacement of the control coils with respect to the reference coils in a two phase
induction motor are
a) 0o, 180o
b) 90o, 270o
c) 90o, 120o
The correct answer is a TX and TR rotors must be parallel to be at the null position.
9 Reversal of two of the stator connections on a torque synchro receiver would cause
a) the transmitter to become the receiver
b) the output to move the same direction as the input
c) the output to move the reverse direction to the input
The correct answer is a Read up on the diode definitions. Aircraft Electricity and Electronics 5th Edition
Eismin Page 111
The correct answer is b A small amount of residual voltage exists on the output winding of an AC
tachogenerator when it is stationary.
The correct answer is a The output should be the same waveform as the input, i.e. sinusoidal.
The correct answer is b A speed control servo moves the load (e.g. a radar dish) at constant speed.
The correct answer is c A closed loop servomechanism can have either position feedback or velocity
feedback or both.
The correct answer is b Critical damping results in the fastest time to demand position without any
overshoot.
The correct answer is a See Pallett Aircraft Instrumants and Integrated Systems pg 141.
The correct answer is a Reversing the connections to the amplifier will make the motor run backwards.
Then the feedback will drive the transformer rotor in the wrong direction.
9 Velocity feedback
a) opposes the demand input
b) assists the demand input
c) prevents dead space errors
The correct answer is a Velocity feedback is anti-phase to the demand input and opposes it.
The correct answer is a Velocity feedback opposes demand input therefore it reduces thew speed the load
moves.
4 A tachogenerator output is
a) variable frequency, constant voltage
b) variable voltage, constant frequency
c) variable frequency, variable voltage
The correct answer is b A tachogenerator output is the same frequency as the input (i.e. constant) but the
voltage varies.
8 The 'null' point in a control synchro is when the two rotors are
a) at 90o to each other
b) parallel to each other
c) wired in series
The correct answer is a In a control synchro the null position is when the rotors are 90 degrees to each other
(unlike a torque synchro where they must be parallel to each other).
9 If two of the stator leads are cross connected in a control synchro system, a 25o clockwise
rotation of the input rotor would result in the output rotor
a) moving 25o clockwise
b) moving 25o anticlockwise
c) moving 180o to rectify the defect
The correct answer is b Cross connecting two stator leads of a control synchro will make the magnetic field
in the receiver rotate in the opposite direction as the transmitter.
2 If the electrical connections to the feedback generator in a control synchro system were
disconnected, the
a) motor would run in the wrong direction
b) input signal to the amplifier would reduce
c) system would tend to oscillate
The correct answer is c Feedback from the tachogenerator prevents overspeed and overshoot, so
disconnecting the feedback will cause the load to overshoot and oscillate.
The correct answer is b Increasing servo-amplifier gain will make the system respond faster but will also
cause it to overshoot and oscillate (hunt).
The correct answer is c In a control synchro current flows in the stator lines at all times, regardless of the
position of the tarnsformer rotor.
The correct answer is b Velocity lag is the difference between the demand input and the load position. It is
therefore a position error.
The correct answer is b An AC generator rotor is made from a diamagnetic material such as copper, brass
or aluminium.
The correct answer is a Transient velocity feedback is a variable feedback which can be switched on when
the system is about to overshoot (and anticipates the overshoot). But it can also be switched off when it is
not required to reduce the velocity lag.
The correct answer is a To reverse the direction of a two phase induction motor the control phase must be
out of phase with the reference phase.
9 In a rate servo (speed control) the signal into the servo amplifier is
a) input voltage plus tachogenerator output
b) input voltage minus tachogenerator output
c) input voltage plus position feedback voltage
The correct answer is b In a rtate servo the input voltage makes the load rotate and the tachogenerator
output (which is negative feedback) prevents it rotating too fast.
The correct answer is c A demodulator differs from a rectifier in that it can sense the phase of the AC input,
and give an output either positive DC or negative DC accordingly. This then drives the DC motor in the
correct direction.
3 Synchro indicator systems are used when the indication is required to move
a) a fraction of the input distance
b) slower than the input rate
c) at the same rate as the input
The correct answer is c A synchro indicator moves at the same speed as the input.
The correct answer is c An LVDT measures position and provides a different phase according to the
direction of movement.
5 A low frequency sinusoidal input will cause a closed loop servomechanism load to
a) move to a demand position with no overshoot
b) move backwards and forwards at the input frequency
c) move to the demand position and then return to the datum position without any
overshoot
The correct answer is a A closed loop servo mechanism (whatever frequency) will move to the demand
position with no or minimal overshoot.
The correct answer is b If velocity feedback is increased, there is more opposition to the demand signal and
the load will move slower and oscillations will be reduced.
The correct answer is a If a servo amplifier suffers from drift (e.g. due to age or temperature), the load will
move to a new position and stop when the position feedback cancels out the drift signal.
8 In a transient velocity feedback circuit, the tachogenerator output is summated with the
demand voltage
a) only when the load is slowing down
b) at all times when the load is moving
c) only when the load is speeding up or slowing down
The correct answer is c Automatic Flight Control EHJ Pallett Page 91.
9 Positive feedback applied to a servomechanism
a) decreases the response of the system
b) opposes the demand signal
c) increases the response of the system
The correct answer is c Positive feedback will add to the input of the amplifier and increase the response of
the system.
The correct answer is c See Pallett Aircraft Instruments and Integrated Systems pg 143.
This is exam number 14. You've been here 1 times.
1 A differential synchro transmitter used for addition has
a) the TDX S1 and S3 connections cross connected to the TX
b) the TDX S1 and S3 connections cross connected to the TR
c) the TDX R1, R3 and S1, S3 connections cross connected to the TX
The correct answer is c To convert a differential synchro from subtraction to addition you must swap two of
the stator leads AND swap two of the rotor leads at the differential transmitter.
2 If forward bias is increased from zero on a p-n junction, a rapid increase in current flow for
a relatively small increase in voltage occurs
a) only after the forward bias exceeds the potential barrier
b) when the flow of minority carriers is sufficient to cause an avalanche breakdown
c) when the depletion layer becomes larger than the space charge area
The correct answer is a A forward biased PN junction will conduct only when the forward bias voltage
exceeds the juction barrier - i.e Si = 0.6V, Ge = 0.2V
3 An LVDT has
a) an output winding which is wound in series opposition
b) an input winding whose voltage will change with load movement
c) an output winding whose voltage and frequency is linear to load angular
movement
The correct answer is a An LVDT has an output winding which is wound in series opposition.
The correct answer is b To convert a differential synchro from subtraction to addition you must swap two of
the rotor leads AND swap two of the rotor leads.
a) Amplification
b) Bias
c) Stabilisation
The correct answer is c The resister R is used to provide thermal stabilisation to the transistor by supplying
negative feedback if the quiescent point moves.
8 When resolving a Cartesian input to a Polar output
a) the inputs are a shaft angle and a voltage
b) the outputs are two voltages
c) the inputs are two voltages
The correct answer is c Cartesian inputs are the X and Y coordinates and are represented by two voltages.
The outputs are represented by a voltage and an angular position.
9 To check the forward resistance of a diode with a multimeter, the lead connected to the
positive terminal is put to the
a) anode
b) cathode
c) either anode or cathode
The correct answer is a To forward bias a diode with a multimeter, the positive lead must be connected to
the anode. Note: If it were a moving coil meter, you must connect the negative lead to the anode since the
positive end of the battery is connected to the negative lead.
The correct answer is b A resolver synchro has two coils at 90 degrees to each other.
This is exam number 15. You've been here 1 times.
1 The input and output signals of a common emitter amplifier are
a) equal
b) out of phase
c) in phase
The correct answer is b The common emitter amplifier is the only configuration which provides an output
which is anti-phase with the input.
The correct answer is c The output of a resolver synchro is angular position and a voltage to represent the
distance.
The correct answer is b The rotor of an autosyn position indicating system is an electromagnet.
The correct answer is c A band-pass filter excludes frequencies above and below a particular frequency.
Aircraft Electricity and Electronics 5th Edition Eismin Page 288
The correct answer is b The rotor of a magnesyn transmitter (and reciever) is a permanent magnet.
The correct answer is b The synchro system is only accurate when the two rotors are in correspondence. At
this time the stator current is zero.
The correct answer is a Torque synchros are used for indication only, i.e. when the load is low.
The correct answer is a A resolver synchro has the windings 90 degrees apart.
The correct answer is c The rotor of a synchro transmitter induces a current into the stator coils. The stator
coils produce a magnetic field which opposes the field in the rotor which created it. (Similar to the secondary
field of a transformer).
This is exam number 16. You've been here 1 times.
1 The cogging effect in synchros is rectified by
a) using carbon brushes
b) using an elliptical cog
c) skewing the rotor
The correct answer is c The cogging effect in a synchro is prevented by skewing (or twisting) the rotor.
The correct answer is a The quiescent state of a transistor is when DC is supplied to the base to bias the
transistor. No signal is applied.
4 Reversal of the power supply to either the transmitter or the receiver of a torque synchro
system would
a) cause a 180o displacement between the transmitter and the receiver
b) have no effect on the indication, but would cause a heavy current to flow
c) make the receiver rotor rotate in the opposite direction
The correct answer is a Reversal of the power supply to either the transmitter or the receiver will cause a
180 degree displacement of the receiver rotor.
The correct answer is a A torque synchro is only used for indication - i.e. the load is low.
The correct answer is b The device that transfers one energy type to another is called a transducer. Aircraft
Electricity and Electronics 5th Edition Eismin Page 171
The correct answer is b Conventional current in a PNP transistor flows from EMITTER to BASE. Note: In an
NPN transistor it would be collector to emitter.
The correct answer is b The purpose of a flywheel on a synchro is as part of a eddy current (coulomb
friction) damping mechanism.
This is exam number 17. You've been here 1 times.
1 In an operational amplifier, the two input waves are the same amplitude, same frequency,
but exactly anti-phase. What would the output be?
a) Double
b) Zero
c) Half
The correct answer is a Although the input waves are anti-phase, the inerter input of the op amp inverts one
of the inputs, so the two waves actually add to each other.
The correct answer is b The thyrister (such as an SCR or TRIAC) is basically a switch which provides a high
resistance when switched off.
3 On an integrated circuit the hole in the top left corner is pin 1. The pins are counted
a) clockwise
b) anticlockwise
c) from left to right
The correct answer is b On an IC the pins are counted anti-clockwise. Aircraft Electricity and Electronics 5th
Edition Eismin Page 140
4 With reference to the circuit shown below, how is the transistor configured?
a) Common emitter
b) Common collector
c) Common base
The correct answer is b The resistors R1 and R2 are to set the bias level of the transistor, i.e. to put the
transistor into quiescence.
6 In a synchro system, if two stator lines are crossed the receiver will
a) not be affected
b) be 180o out
c) reverse direction
The correct answer is c If two stator lines are crossed the receiver will reverse in direction.
F=A+B+C
a) Or
b) Not
c) And
The correct answer is a A+B+C represents an OR gate.
8 In an E and I signal generator at datum, the voltage on the secondary windings
a) are equal and opposite
b) is maximum
c) is zero
The correct answer is a Since an EandI bar transformer secondary winding is wound in series opposition, at
datum the voltage in the secondary windings will be equal and opposite and cancel.
9 In a synchro resolver, the stator coils are at what angle in relation to one another?
a) 45 degrees
b) 80 degrees
c) 90 degrees
The correct answer is c in a synchro resolver the stator coils are 90 degrees to each other.
10 In a synchrotel, the
a) rotor coil is fixed and the stator coil moves
b) rotor coil and stator coil is fixed
c) stator coil is fixed and the rotor coil moves
The correct answer is b Aircarft Instruments and Integrated Systems Pallett Page 149/150
This is exam number 18. You've been here 1 times.
1 On a PCB, a decoupling capacitor is used to get rid of transient currents between which
points?
a) The electronic circuit and the aircraft ground
b) Interspaced along the circuit
c) The negative rail and the rest of the circuit
The correct answer is b The decoupling capacitor decouples the AC signal from the DC quiescent current.
The correct answer is c The diagram shows a half wave rectifier. The capacitor is for smoothing the output.
A full wave rectifer requires 4 diodes and a voltage doubler requires two capacitors.
The correct answer is a The dopant is what gives the LED its colour.
The correct answer is a An atom with five electrons in its outer shell (pentavalent) will provide an extra free
electron and make the material an N type. Aircraft Electricity and Electronics 5th Edition Eismin Page 110
The correct answer is a The leads of a FET are called drain, source and gate. Aircraft Electricity and
Electronics 5th Edition Eismin Page 120
F = A.B.C
a) Nand
b) Nor
c) And
7 With a small amplitude voltage, what type of diode would you use to produce the output
waveform?
a) Shottky
b) Gunn
c) Zener
The correct answer is a The first part of the device is a basic RC differentiator, providing positive and
negative pulses from the square wave input. The diode blocks the negative pulses. Since the amplitude is
small, a fast acting diode with a low forward bias voltage is required. The Schottky diode fits the bill.
The correct answer is a Negative feedback helps to increase the stability of an amplifier with changes in
temperature and the effects of age.
The correct answer is a Thermal runaway is caused by excessive temperature creating an increase in
current flow and hence an increase in temperture etc. etc..
This is exam number 19. You've been here 1 times.
1 A single integrated circuit Op Amp has how many pins?
a) 4
b) 7
c) 8
The correct answer is c Inverting and non-inverting input, output, positive and negative supply, two offset
null connections (for a potentiometer) plus one leg not used = 8. Aircraft Electricity and Electronics 5th
Edition Eismin Page 140
a) 0V
b) 3V
c) 5V
The correct answer is c A thyrister (especially an SCR) is often used for rectification.
The correct answer is c Photons = light, so a diode which emits light is a Light Emitting Diode.
The correct answer is c Avalanche breakdown occurs when reverse bias exceeds a certain value.
The correct answer is c The electrodes of an SCR are the anode, cathode and the gate. Aircraft Electricity
and Electronics 5th Edition Eismin Page 120
The correct answer is c It is the doping element which gives an LED its colour.
The correct answer is a For a transistor to switch on, the base-emitter (or just emitter) junction must be
forward biased. Aircraft Electricity and Electronics 5th Edition Eismin Page 116
The correct answer is c In a PNP transistor, the main current flow is Emitter to Collector (reverse of what it
is with an NPN transistor).
10 Infinite gain, infinite input impedance & zero output impedance is characteristic of a
a) Class A amp
b) Class B amp
c) Op amp
The correct answer is c Infinite gain, infinite input impedance and zero output impedance are characteristics
of the ideal op amp.
This is exam number 20. You've been here 1 times.
1 Forward voltage of a silicon diode is
a) 0.6V
b) 0.2V
c) 1.6V
The correct answer is a Si = 0.6V, Ge = 0.2V Aircraft Electricity and Electronics 5th Edition Eismin Page
111 or 113
The correct answer is b Common emmitter configuration has a high power gain.
The correct answer is b Read up on amplifier types. Aircraft Electricity and Electronics 5th Edition Eismin
Page 281
The correct answer is b Draw a transistor as 2 back to back diodes and work it out from there (same for PNP
as NPN). Aircraft Electricity and Electronics 5th Edition Eismin Page 119
The correct answer is a An LED volts drop is typically 1.6 - 2.4V. Aircraft Electricity and Electronics 5th
Edition Eismin Page 121
The correct answer is a LEDs give off light (photons) when forward biased.
This is a diagram of
a) an SCR
b) a transistor
c) a photo diode
The correct answer is c Learn the electronic component symbols. Aircraft Electricity and Electronics 5th
Edition Eismin Page 385
The correct answer is b A 'transducer' converts one signal type to another. Aircraft Electricity and Electronics
5th Edition Eismin Page 171
The correct answer is a A two directional zener diode (actually 2 zener diodes back-to-back) is used to stop
power spikes.
2 The anode of a diode is connected to a +4v DC supply and the cathode is connected to a
+2v DC supply. The diode is
a) forward biased not conducting
b) reverse biased not conducting
c) forward biased conducting
The correct answer is c Forward bias is anode to cathode. 4V fwd bias and 2V reverse bias, the diode is 2V
fwd bias in total.
The correct answer is b ELECTRON FLOW (i.e. American notation) is cathode to anode (against the arrow
direction). Aircraft Electricity and Electronics 5th Edition Eismin Page 111
The correct answer is a Position feedback is proportional to surface position. Meaning, as control surface
deflection increases, so does the feedback.
The correct answer is a To switch a PNP on, the emitter must be positive compared to the base (opposite to
an NPN).
The correct answer is c Presumably they are referring to a 'position gyro' (as in artificial horison and
directional gyro) and not a 'rate gyro' (as in the slip indicator). The latter would make a) nad b) correct
anyway since rate and velocity are the same thing. Worth a comment on the exam paper if you get this.
The correct answer is b Common collector - output is in-phase with the input.
The correct answer is b The velocity feedback must be anti-phase with the error signal in order to oppose it
(and thus be negative feedback).
The correct answer is c The potential barrier is formed by holes diffusing from the P region to the N region,
(and electrons diffusing from the N region to the P region).
This is exam number 22. You've been here 1 times.
1 A junction diode
a) has one p-n junction
b) is similar to a vacuum diode but cannot rectify
c) can handle only small currents
The correct answer is a A junction diode is so named for its one junction. Aircraft Electricity and Electronics
5th Edition Eismin Page 111
3 A germanium diode
a) has a lower forward bias voltage than a silicon diode
b) has a higher forward bias voltage than a silicon diode
c) has the same forward bias voltage as a silicon diode
The correct answer is a Forward bias voltage of germanium diode = 0.2 V. Silicon diode = 0.6 V. Aircraft
Electricity and Electronics 5th Edition Eismin Page 111
4 a VLSIC has
a) less than 1000 gates
b) more than 1000 gates
c) more than 10,000 gates
The correct answer is b VLSIC = Very Large Scale Integrated Circuit (> 1,000 gates). Aircraft Electricity and
Electronics 5th Edition Eismin Page 138
The correct answer is a When the value on reset (R) is 1, the value of Q is set to 0 and vice versa.
The correct answer is c The D type Flip Flop has only 1 input (besides the clock input).
The correct answer is b Read up on low pass, high pass, band stop and band pass filters. Aircraft Electricity
and Electronics 5th Edition Eismin Page 143
The correct answer is a An op amp is characterised by its high input impedance and low output impedance.
Aircraft Electricity and Electronics 5th Edition Eismin Page 288
The correct answer is b Monostable multivibrators can remain only in one state permanently. When an
external trigger pulse is applied, the circuit moves from its permamnent stable state then drops back after a
short while.
The correct answer is b A transistor at saturation is switched on - therefore has low resistance.
The correct answer is a An oscillator provides positive inphase feedback to switch itself over.
5 What type of diode when forward biased holes and electrons recombine producing
photons?
a) gunn
b) LED
c) photodiode
The correct answer is b The word 'photons' imples light emission - i.e. a light emitting diode (LED).
The correct answer is a A bistable circuit has 2 stable states and it will be in only one at a time.
10 A JFET is
a) voltage sensitive
b) current sensitive
c) either of the above depending on resistance in the circuit
The correct answer is a A JFET is voltage sensitive, whereas a normal transistor is current sensitive. Aircraft
Electricity and Electronics 5th Edition Eismin Page 119
This is exam number 24. You've been here 1 times.
1 A triac is a type of
a) thyristor
b) thermistor
c) transistor
The correct answer is a Thyristors include, SCRs, Triacs and diacs. Aircraft Electricity and Electronics 5th
Edition Eismin Page 120
3 If a junction diode is reverse biased too far, the output current would
a) cease to flow
b) increase
c) reverse direction
The correct answer is b If a junction diode is reverse biased too far, it will 'breakdown' and a high current will
flow.
The correct answer is b The purpose of the capacitor between amplifier circuits is to block the DC. Hence
only AC is fed across the amplifier
7 When is maximum voltage induced into the rotor of a control synchro transformer?
a) 90 degrees (null position)
b) 0 degrees
c) When spinning fast
The correct answer is b Study a diagram of the control synchro system. Maximum voltage induced in the
rotor of the transformer is when the two rotors are at zero degrees to each other
The correct answer is c Same as Question 4. The purpose of the capacitor between amplifier circuits is to
block the DC. Hence only AC is fed across the amplifier.
9 An astable multivibrator is a
a) free running vibrator
b) one which requires an input to switch on and off
c) one which requires no input whatsoever
The correct answer is a An astable multivibrator flips on/off continuously providing it has a power supply
The correct answer is b Synchro capacitors increase the accuracy of the synchro system
The correct answer is b A flywheel prevents oscillations when used with friction or magnetic braking
The correct answer is b The pick-offs rotate on the slab resistor. Aircraft Electricity and Electronics 5th
Edition Eismin Page 352
5 If, in a servo system, the amplitude from the feedback system is below normal, the servo
will
a) oscillate
b) be sluggish in operation
c) be overdamped
The correct answer is a The feedback system is designed to prevent overshoot and oscillation (hunting)
6 A desynn instrument has a positive irregular increasing error, you would adjust
a) lever length
b) lever angle
c) lever angle and lever length
The correct answer is b A regular increasing error is an indication of incorrect lever angle.
The correct answer is a Velocity feedback slows down the operation of the rotor.
This is exam number 26. You've been here 1 times.
1 A device which has a high input impedance, low output impedance and high voltage gain is a
a) Class A amp
b) Class B amp
c) Op-Amp
The correct answer is c All three answers are close to the truth. c) is probably the closest. Aircraft Electricity
and Electronics 5th Edition Eismin Page 138
The correct answer is a A tachogenerator provides feedback proportional to its rate (speed)
The correct answer is b To forward biased, connect Positive to P, Negative to N. Aircraft Electricity and
Electronics 5th Edition Eismin Page 117
The correct answer is c Sketch a PNP transistor with the two current flows. Mark the directions.
8 In the Zener Diode suppressor shown, point X in respect to point Y should be
a) more negative
b) more Positive
c) either positive or negative
The correct answer is a A Zener Diode is always wired in reverse bias. Aircraft Electricity and Electronics 5th
Edition Eismin Page 138
The correct answer is b During the positive portion of the AC input signal, the NPN follower drives the
output, and during the negative half, the PNP drives the output.
The correct answer is c Pin 3 of a 741 Op-Amp (for example) is the non-inverting input
a) Z is more positive
b) Y is more negative
c) Z is more negative
The correct answer is a NPN transistor. The collector is more positive than the base. Aircraft Electricity and
Electronics 5th Edition Eismin Page 116/117
7 What control system is used on an input that gives a controlled predetermined output?
a) Open Loop
b) Closed Loop
c) Control Servo
The correct answer is b Only a closed loop control system can give a predetermined output.
a) sluggish performance
b) faster performance
c) no change on the output
The correct answer is a Velocity feedback is subtracted from the error signal to reduce the rate of the output.
9 A rate control servo system with a steady input voltage will give
a) constant speed
b) increasing speed
c) decreasing speed
The correct answer is a A rate control system with a steady input voltage will give a constant speed output
The correct answer is b 'Close' is an important requirement. The capacitor has to be as close as possible to
the +ve power supply pin. Answer a) could also be true assuming pin 8 to be ground, but in the real world
not all pin 8’s are –ve, especially in DIL packages with more than 8 pins
This is exam number 28. You've been here 1 times.
1 What are the majority carriers for a forward biased PN junction device?
a) Electrons
b) Holes
c) Electrons and holes
The correct answer is c Majority carriers are electrons in the N material, and holes in the P material
2 The resistance measured using an AVO between the Collector and Emitter of a transistor is
The correct answer is a Without looking too deeply into it, a transistor is two diodes back-to-back, so have
high resistance both ways. Aircraft Electricity and Electronics 5th Edition Eismin Page 119
a) neutral
b) positively charged
c) negatively charged
The correct answer is a Both germanium and silicon are neutrally charged, even when doped. Aircraft
Electricity and Electronics 5th Edition Eismin Page 110
The correct answer is a Common collector is a voltage follower, with high current gain
a) Bases
b) Collectors
c) Emitters
The correct answer is c Push-pull transistor configuration has their emitters commoned.
a) biasing
b) stabilisation
c) load control
The correct answer is b The emitter resistor is a stabilizing resistor
a) is stationary
b) rotates
c) rotates only when a current flows in it
The correct answer is a Aircraft Instruments and Integrated Systems Pallett Page 149/150
The correct answer is b Rate feedback is to reduce overshoot and oscillation (hunting), therefore, increasing
the amplitude (size) of the rate feedback will decrease tendancy to hunt.
The correct answer is b Negative feedback (position and/or rate) increases stability but makes the servo
unresponsive to small changes.
This is exam number 29. You've been here 1 times.
1 An integrated circuit is manufactured by
a) computer hardware, which use individual circuits on ribbon
b) doping impurities into layers of intrinsic material
c) etching copper tracks onto an insulating board
The correct answer is b ICs are made by doping impurities into intrinsic semiconductor material. Do not
confuse with PCBs. Aircraft Electricity and Electronics 5th Edition Eismin Page 138
The correct answer is b A decoupling capacitor decouples the AC from the DC in a signal, and blocks the
DC.
3 A monostable vibrator
a) is switched on by a trigger pulse then within a pre-set time will eventually return
to its original state
b) uses a trigger pulse to turn on and the same pulse to turn off
c) uses one pulse to turn on and another to turn off
The correct answer is a A monostable vibrator is switched on by a trigger pulse then within a pre-set time
will eventually return to its original state
The correct answer is a Position feedback is to ensure control surface moves to (and stops at) the
demanded position by the controls
The correct answer is b The control transformer provides AC voltage in proportion to the error signal
a) DC
b) AC single phase
c) 3 phase
The correct answer is a A resolver synchro converts Cartesian coordinates (grid refs) to polar (compass
reading) and can be used to check the accuracy of the compass system
The correct answer is a The flywheel is coupled to some form of brake (e.g. magnetic) to reduce oscillations.
10 A linear variometer is
The correct answer is a A linear variometer is a device which gives an output voltage directly proportional to
angle when coupled to a gyro (for example)
This is exam number 30. You've been here 1 times.
1 In a synchrotel the rotating winding is
a) the stator
b) rotor
c) neither
The correct answer is c Assuming this is a trick question, because a synchrotel has NO rotating winding.
Aircraft Instruments and Integrated Systems Pallett Page 149/150
2 The receiver rotor in a torque synchro system oscillates over an arc of approx 75 degrees. The probable
cause is
The correct answer is c Synchro capacitors reduce stator current and make the synchro system more
accurate
a) phase and amplitude sensitive by direction and magnitude of the transmitter rotor
movement respectively
b) phase and amplitude sensitive by magnitude and direction of the transmitter rotor
movement respectively
c) phase sensitive by transmitter rotor excitation and amplitude sensitive by
direction of transmitter rotor movement
The correct answer is a Phase provided by TX rotor direction, amplitude provided by TX rotor displacement
(magnitude)
5 A transistor is used in
a) current amplifier
b) voltage amplifier
c) both
The correct answer is c A transistor can amplify either current or voltage or both, depending on the
configuration (CE, CB, CC)
a) silicon
b) germanium
c) both the same
The correct answer is b Silicon about 0.6V, Germanium about 0.2V. Aircraft Electricity and Electronics 5th
Edition Eismin Page 111
The correct answer is c A Zener diode is used for voltage regulation. Aircraft Electricity and Electronics 5th
Edition Eismin Page 120
a) voltage doubler
b) half wave rectifier
c) full wave rectifier
4 A thyristor SCR is a
a) unidirectional device
b) bi-directional device
c) multidirectional device
a) acceptors
b) donors
c) acceptors and donors
The correct answer is b 'N' type materials have excess electrons, therefore the impurity element is a donor
of electrons. Aircraft Electricity and Electronics 5th Edition Eismin Page 110
8 A junction diode if reverse biased too far, the output will
a) increase
b) stop
c) reverse
The correct answer is a If a reverse bias diode is pushed too far, it will break down and the current will
increase. This is the same for normal diodes as it is for zener diodes - but a zener diode will 'reset', a normal
diode will be damaged.
a) integrated
b) differentiated
c) logarithmic
a) A
b) B
c) C
The correct answer is a Best amplifier is a Class A (if by 'suitable' they mean fidelity - but Class C is most
efficient)
This is exam number 32. You've been here 1 times.
1 Under normal operating conditions X will be
The correct answer is a Insulator. Aircraft Electricity and Electronics 5th Edition Eismin Page 122
4 In which direction does the current flow on a PNP transistor when forward biased?
a) Emitter to collector
b) Collector to emitter
c) Emitter to base
The correct answer is a PNP, current (conventional) flows emitter to collector
The correct answer is a Although a thyristor (SCR) can be used, a diode is more common. Aircraft Electricity
and Electronics 5th Edition Eismin Page 113
a) Material
b) Voltage
c) Current
The correct answer is a The doping element to be precise. Aircraft Electricity and Electronics 5th Edition
Eismin Page 121
9 In an electronic circuit, if the anode of a diode is clamped to ground what is this called?
a) 0.3 V
b) 0.7 V
c) 1V
The correct answer is b Aircraft Electricity and Electronics 5th Edition Eismin Page 111
a) resistor
b) capacitor
c) inductor
The correct answer is b This is referring to an Op-Amp integrator
5 A Zener diode is used across the output for a power supply circuit to
The correct answer is b A Zener diode is the main component in a voltage regulator
6 If a diode has gone open circuit in a full wave bridge rectifier, the output frequency ripple is
The correct answer is a A fully serviceable bridge rectifier produces an output ripple twice the input
frequency. If one diode goes open circuit, one of the output 'humps' drops to zero.
a) A
b) B
c) C
The correct answer is b Yes, it really did refer to the multimeter's lead as the 'anode lead'
The correct answer is b The negative half cycle of the AC must be bypassed around the LED
2 What type of gate has both inverted inputs and inverted outputs
a) AND gate
b) NAND gate
c) NOR gate
The correct answer is a An AND gate can be made by inverting both the inputs and the output of an OR gate
4 The input resistance to an inverting op-amp is 100 Ohms. The feedback resistance is 100 kilohms. What is
the amplifier gain?
a) -1000
b) 1000
c) 1/1000
The correct answer is a Gain = Feedback/input resistance = 100,000/100 = 1000 (minus because it is
inverting)
7 The letter "B" following the identification code on the case of a synchro denotes
8
a)
b)
c)
9
a)
b)
c)
10
a)
b)
c)