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PHILIPPINE AGENDA 21:

National Agenda for Sustainable Development for the 21th Century

I. Introduction

A. THE AGENDA 21
The Agenda 21 is the action plan of the United Nations (UN) related to the sustainable
development and was the outcome of the United Nations Conference on Environment
and Development (UNCED) held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in 1992. It is a comprehensive
blueprint of action to be taken globally, nationally and locally by organizations of the UN,
governments and major groups in every area in which humans directly affect the
environment.

It recognizes that the sustainable development is the responsibility of governments, and

this requires national strategies, plans and policies. The efforts of nations need to be
linked by international cooperation through such organizations as the United Nations.

Sustainable Development:
Sustainable Development is a development that meets the needs of the present without
comprising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. (Bruntland, 1987)

Schematically using three circles for the target dimensions of Environment,

Economy and Society

Economic, Social and Environmental processes are interlinked. Public and private
agents alike cannot be permitted to act one-dimensionally and isolation. Instead, their
actions must take into account the interplay between the three dimensions

Sustainable development goes beyond environmental conservation. In order to

satisfy our material and immaterial needs, we require economic prosperity and
solidarity in our society.

The sustainable development calls for long-term structural change in our economic
and social systems, with the aim of reducing the consumption of the environment and
resources to permanently affordable level while maintaining economic output
potential and social cohesion.

II. PHILIPPINE AGENDA 21

Philippine Agenda 21 was adopted on 26 September 1996, with the issuance of

Memorandum Order No. 399 by then President Fidel V. Ramos which identified the roles
of the Philippine Council for Sustainable Development (PCSD) and each sector in the
operationalization of PA 21. The action agenda is based on the imperatives of the current
national situation and emerging landscape for sustainable development.

Philippine Agenda 21 is the nation's blueprint for sustainable development. In concreting

the vision, it describes a path for individuals, families, households and communities; an
action plan for each ecosystem (coastal/marine, freshwater, upland, lowland, and urban);
and across ecosystems in consideration of the interaction of the various lifescapes and
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landscapes found therein. The path is grounded on respect and active advocacy for the
empowerment of the various social groupings of society to manage the economy, critical
resources, society and culture, politics and governance and in the arena of foreign
relations.

Philippine Agenda 21 advocates a fundamental shift in development thinking and

approach. It departs from traditional conceptual frameworks that emphasize sector-based
and macro concerns. Philippine Agenda 21 promotes harmony and achieves
sustainability by emphasizing.

- A scale of intervention that is primarily area-based. The national and global

policy environment builds upon and supports area-based initiatives.

- Integrated island development approaches where applicable. This recognizes

the archipelagic character of the Philippines which includes many small island
provinces.

- People and integrity of nature at the center of development initiatives. This

implies the strengthening of roles, relationships, and interactions between and
among stakeholders in government, civil society, labor and business. Basic sectors
have an important role to play in achieving equity and managing the ecosystems
that sustain life

II. A SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT PRINCIPLES

a. Primacy of Developing Full Human Potential. This puts man at center of all
development effort.

b. Holistic Science and Appropriate Technology. Implies development of appropriate

technology to solve development problems with due to considerations to its impact
to the society and ecology.

c. Cultural, Moral and Spiritual Sensitivity. Considers the inherent strengths of local
and indigenous knowledge, practices and beliefs, while respecting cultural
diversity, ,oral standards and the spiritual nature of the Filipino society.

d. National Sovereignty. Self-determination at the national level to pursue social and

ecological concerns in its governance to achieve human, environmental and food
security.

e. Gender Sensitivity. Recognize the importance of complementary roles and

empowerment of both women and men in development.

f. Peace, Order and National Unity. Makes sure that the right of everyone to be
peaceful and secure existence is respected.

g. Social Justice, Inter- and Intra-Generational Equity and Spatial Equity. Equal
distribution of resources to everyone (including future generations) and the
provision of equal access to development opportunities and benefits to all.

h. Participatory Democracy. Puts value and support to the participation of all in the
decision-making process.

i. Institutional Viability. Since Sustainable Development is everyone’s concern,

institutional structure should promote joint responsibility unity and partnership
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among all.

j. Viable, Sound and Broad-based Economic Development. Requires working for

development that is based on the stable economy, where everyone equally shares
the benefits of the progress.

k. Sustainable Population. Needs to maintain a number of people that can be

supported by the limited capacity of our resources.

l. Ecological Soundness. Requires that we recognize the earth as a common

heritage that belongs to all of us, and everyone should care for its capacity to
support us and the future generations.

m. Bio-geographical Equity and Community-Based Resource Management. Means

entrusting to the people residing near or within an ecosystem the primary right to
manage its resources.

n. Global Cooperation. Requires international solidarity of every nation’s effort to build

a better life and safer environment.

II. B. VISION
The PA 21 envisions a better quality of life for all through the development of a just,
moral, creative, spiritual, economically-vibrant, caring, diverse yet cohesive society
characterized by appropriate productivity, participatory and democratic process and
living in harmony within the limits of the carrying capacity of nature and the integrity of
creation.

Basically made up of:

- The Principles of unity
- The Action Agenda
- The Implementation Strategies

The Enhanced PA 21 has five (5) goal elements as follows:

1. Poverty Reduction: Poverty is a central concern of sustainable development.

Consistent with this, the various consultations for the updating of PA 21 have
yielded poverty reduction agenda that includes measures to create and enabling
economic environment for sustained and broad-based growth; improve
employment, productivity and income; and attain food security.

2. Social Equity: Social equity should mean allocation of resources on the bases of
efficiency and equity to achieve balanced development.

3. Empowerment and Good Governance: Empowerment is a precondition of

informal choices. Good governance is a necessary precondition to empowerment,
as empowerment is to good governance.

4. Peace and Solidarity: The cycle of poverty and conflict goes on as the cost of war
escalate in terms of various kinds of destruction while withholding funds for basic
services, resulting in more poverty and underdevelopment.
5. Ecological Integrity: in general, the path towards enhancing the integrity of the
country’s ecological domain will have to involve heightened and sustained
implementation of environmental laws, as well as the continued pursuit of resource
conservation, and environmental restoration/ enhancement programs.
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The three (3) Key Actors in Sustainable Development Work:

1. Business, the key actor in economy, which is mainly concerned with producing
goods and services for people.

2. Government, the key actor in polity, which is concerned with democratic

governance and security of human rights.

3. Civil Society, the key actor in culture, which is concerned with the development of
the social and spiritual capacities of human beings.

Five forms of growth are identified as leading to unsustainable development.

1. Jobless Growth results when economic output increases amidst high

unemployment and underemployment.

2. Ruthless Growth is forcing millions of Filipinos to live in poverty constraining them

from developing as full beings. Meanwhile, few individual billionaires/millionaires
enjoy an income level equivalent to the combined income of the millions in poverty.

3. Futureless Growth results from the destruction of nature through improper mining
practices, use of pesticides, insufficient and improper environmental planning for the
construction of dams and a range of other ecologically unsound development
projects.

4. Rootless Growth refers to the cultural decay and loss of meaning and identity
which often accompany economic growth fueled by globalization and the entrance of
materialistic lifestyles of industrialized countries.

5. Voiceless Growth is economic growth racing ahead of direct human rights and
democratic processes and participatory governance essential to modern societies.

6. To these five undesirable forms of growth can be added a sixth. Meaningless

Growth results when come combination of the other five forms of undesirable
growth blocks the creativity of the human spirit. The resulting loss in creativity,
perspective, meaning, hope, and morality necessarily expresses itself in suicide,
violence, drug addiction, crime, corruption and other social ills.

II. C. Executive Summary

PA 21 is part of the country’s response to fulfill its commitments in the historic Earth
Summit in 1992 where government and key sectors of society agreed to implement an
action agenda for sustainable development known as Agenda 21. PA 21 seeks to
answer four (4) questions:

 Where are we now?

 What is sustainable development?
 Where do we want to go?
 How do we get there?

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A. Where are we now?

The current and Emerging Landscape for Sustainable Development

Achieving sustainable development is a formidable task. Hence, the journey towards

sustainable development must be grounded on a clear understanding of the challenges
trends and opportunities that lie ahead.

1. Demographic Trends
2. Cultural Trends
3. Science and Technology Trends
4. Economic Trends
5. Urbanization Trends
6. Human Development Trends
7. Environmental Trends
8. Institutional Trends
9. Political Trends

B. What is Sustainable Development?

A Conceptual Framework for Sustainable Development

The World Commission on Environment and Development (WCED), in its report “Our
Common Future” published in 1987, defines sustainable development as “meeting the
needs of the present generation without compromising the ability of the future
generations to meet their own needs”

Thus, the essence of sustainable development is in the harmonious integration of a

sound and viable economy, responsible governance, social cohesion/harmony and
ecological integrity to ensure that development is a life-enhancing process. The ultimate
aim of development is human development now and through future generations.

C. Where do we want to go?

Elements of a Shared Vision

In concretizing the vision, PA 21 describes a path of images for individuals, families,

households and communities; for each ecosystem and across ecosystems in
consideration of the interaction of the various life capes and landscapes found therein.
The PA 21 adheres to the following principles of sustainable development.

 Primary of Developing Human Potential

 Holistic Science and Appropriate Technology
 Cultural, Moral and Spiritual Sensitivity
 Self Determination
 National Sovereignty
 Gender Sensitivity
 Peace, Order and National Unity
 Social Justice and Inter-,Intra- generational and Spatial Equity
 Participatory Democracy
 Institutional Viability
 Viable, Sound and Broad based Economic Development
 Sustainable Population

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 Ecological Soundness
 Biogeographical equity and Community Based Resource Management
 Global Cooperation

D. How do we get there?

D.1 Operational Framework and Action Agenda

The Operational Framework of Philippine Agenda 21 consists of a multilevel guide for

decision-making consisting of sustainable development criteria, parameters and
descriptors.

Operationally, sustainable development is development that draws out full human

potential across ages and generations. It is, at the same time, ecologically friendly,
economically sound, politically empowering, socially just, spiritually liberating, gender
sensitive, based on holistic science, technologically appropriate, builds upon Filipino
values, history, culture and excellence and

PA 21 advocates a fundamental shift in development thinking and approach. It departs

from traditional conceptual frameworks that emphasize sector based and macro-
concerns. PA 21 promotes harmony and achieves sustainability by emphasizing:

 A scale of intervention that primarily are-based. The national and global

policy environment builds upon and support area-based initiatives.
 Integrated island development approaches where applicable.
 People and the integrity of nature at the saltier of development initiatives.

D.2 Action Agenda

The Action Agenda at the level of ecosystems consists of strategic and catalytic
interventions covering the following ecosystems and critical resources.

Ecosystems
 Forest/upland ecosystem
 Coastal and marine ecosystem
 Urban ecosystem freshwater ecosystem
 Lowland/Agricultural ecosystem

Critical Resources
 Minerals
 Biodiversity

D.3 Strengthening the Role of Major Groups

Operationalizing sustainable development involves the interlocking components of an

ecosystem and how these interrelate towards defining specific roles and addressing
specific needs of individual sectors. The identification of key players and their
interaction provide a basis for deepening our analysis and treatment of the ecosystem,
as well as the definition of the varying roles that various stakeholders are expected to
play for achieving sustainable development.

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Categories of major Stakeholders

Basic Sectors – comprise the major poverty groups; Farmers, Landless rural
workers, fisherfolk, Indigenous people and the urban poor.

Intermediaries – serve as the fulcrum upon which socio-economic, cultural and

political interventions towards sustainable development depend. These are the
Formal institutions that include Government Organization, Church-based
Organization, civic groups and professional associations; mass media; and the
international community.

Roles of the Major Groups in Sustainable Development

The roles of the major stakeholders in sustainable development are defined
according to sectoral needs, motivation, or interest and perspectives. But there
are basic key holders that are considered “common” among the basic sectors
and the intermediaries. In the performance of this role, its interventions must go
beyond the protection of the environment. It implies a responsibility to effect a
balance between development and ecological dimensions. Equity and social
justice are primary goals that should also be achieved.

II. D. The Local Agenda 21

The PA 21 emphasizes the importance of localization as a strategy for its

implementation. It defines as a process that involves the formulation of local sustainable
development action agenda, and the establishment of local SD councils to implement
the said agenda. PA 21 sees that localization will ensure that SD takes root in each
region, province, city and municipality.

On the 25th day of January 1999, M.O. No. 47 was issued by the Office of the President
to strengthen the operationalization and localization of PA 21 and to monitor its
implementation.

A number of regions have already formulated their own Local Agenda 21, serving as the
region’s guide and springboard for the formulation by the local governments, regional
line agencies, and all other entities of their respective Sustainable Development
Agenda.

Source: National Economic Development Authority http://pcsd.neda.gov.ph/pa21.htm

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III. AN ASSESSMENT REPORT OF THE PHILIPPINE AGENDA 21:

(Implemented Policies, Plans, Projects or Programs (PPPP) from PA 21 and MEA, under
each Sustainability Criterion, by Ecosystem or Sector.)

A. Forest Ecosystem

Purpose/Goal: Avert the expanding marginal, degraded, unproductive upland areas,

and promote the sustainable management of the remaining production forest.

Activities (Policies, Plans, Projects, Program)

 Delineate final forest boundaries

 Establish national and local forest tree seed centers; Produce high
Natural
quality seed and planting stocks;
Capital Stock
 Undertake biological fertilization, enrichment planting, ANR
and
 Establish effective Multi-sectoral Forest Protection Committees;
Environmental
Involve CFMA and CADC recipients; Rehabilitate critical
Quality
watersheds
 Promote indigenous knowledge and technologies
 Implement an integrated watershed management program

 Expand community forests and implement all people-oriented

Equity in
forestry programs; Shift expired TLA areas to community forest
Resource
management
Access and
 Improve/ reform policy on tenurial arrangements
Benefits
 Issue Certificate of Ancestral Domain Claims after preparing a
development plan

 Provide alternative sources of livelihood to uplift the socio-

economic conditions of upland communities and establish upland
Poverty
livelihood enterprises that provide technology, credit and marketing
Alleviation
assistance
and
 Establish the Center for People Empowerment in the Uplands
Eradication
(CPEUs)
 Manage a trust fund for upland development efforts

 Establish industrial forest plantations

 Sustainably manage delineated production forest areas; undertake
TSI & enrichment planting (EP)
Production  Establish the permanent production forest estates
Efficiency  Develop productive plantations in sub-marginal lands
 Prevent pest and disease problems;
 Promote agro-forestry technologies in upland areas
 Develop and establish the wood-based and the local non-timber
industries

Natural
 Implement the 1997 National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan;
Capital
2002 Philippine Biodiversity Conservation Priorities of 2002;
Restoration
 Rehabilitate damaged marine, wetlands and terrestrial (IPAS)
areas;
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 Identify critical habitats and species-rich areas for inclusion in

NIPAS
 Identify & protect flora and fauna species in near-crisis conditions
 Implement a community-based biodiversity conservation education
and research program
 Provide community training, capability building
 Strictly implement EO 247 (Prescribing guidelines and establishing
a regulatory framework for the prospecting of biological and genetic
resources, their products and derivatives for scientific and
commercial and other purposes).
 Prospective large-scale projects to be established in NIPAS areas
must be relocated.

 Resolve problems/ conflicts in the implementation of the NIPAS

Access Equity
law,
 Increase IP representation.in PAMB

Poverty  Promote alternative sustainable livelihood activities for bio-

Eradication resources-dependent communities

 Promote the development of value-added products;

Efficiency  Formulate and implement a National Ecotourism Development
Plan;
 Unify DOE Energy Plan on geothermal production with the NIPAS
biodiversity Program

B. Coastal and Marine Ecosystem

Purpose/Goal: To ensure sustainable development of the country’s coastal and marine
environment and resources and alleviate poverty

Activities (Policies, Plans, Projects, Program)

 Rehabilitate degraded coral reefs and sea grasses; reforest

mangroves, and manage swamplands
 Evaluate Fishery Leasehold Agreement (FLA), cancel unproductive
or unsustainable ones and revert these to mangroves/ public
domain
 Develop anti-poaching illegal fishing plans at the municipal level
 Apply programmatic EIA for coastal and marine development
Natural projects
Capital Stock  Adopt monitoring, control and surveillance (MCS) system; enforce
and protection measures; penalize violators
Environmental  Modernize the Bantay-Dagat program
Quality  Develop and implement guidelines on the management of adjacent
watersheds
 Implement the action plan for the protection of marine environment
from land-based activities & the development plans of growth
centers
 Formulate an action plan for the protection of marine environment
from oil spills,
 Establish a multi-sectoral monitoring team to assess the status of
the area and evaluate impacts of activities/ projects on the
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resource, environment
 Recognize the primacy of fishing communities in the management
of and access to marine resources.
 Enable communities to manage coastal and marine ecosystems.
 Develop, improve mechanisms that would increase or facilitate
access to basic social services. Also in PE
 Comprehensive National Fishery Industry Development Plan 2006

 Prepare and implement a coastal zone management plan with the

participation of communities.
Access Equity  Develop mechanisms that provide equity of access to coastal
resources. EF
 Provide access to basic social services

 Implement a Comprehensive Coastal Zone Management Plan with

community participation
 Delineate near shore areas for various purposes
 Evaluate fishing methods and revise rules and regulations on
fishing methods
 Monitor and control culture technologies in relation to
Poverty sustainability& environmental impact
Eradication  Provide training for business enterprise management. PE
 Research, identify and provide alternative livelihood
 Promote the active participation of all sectors in planning for the
management of coastal resources/ ecosystems
 Provide technical and financial assistance to improve traditional
knowledge of marine living resources and fishing techniques
 Comprehensive National Fishery Industry Development Plan 2006

 Delineate near shore areas for various purposes

 Evaluate fishing methods and revise rules and regulations on
fishing methods
Efficiency  Implement EIA system on existing and proposed development
plans on economic growth centers
 Promote the active participation of all sectors in planning for the
management of coastal resources/ ecosystems

C.Lowland/ Agricultural Ecosystem

Purpose/Goal: Address land degradation and promote a sustainable agriculture

Activities (Policies, Plans, Projects, Program)

 Identify agricultural lands non-negotiable for conversion; prohibit
conversion of agricultural lands with existing or planned irrigation
facilities. (Also in EQ)
Natural  Implement the National Action Plan (NAP) to combat
Capital desertification, land degradation, drought and poverty (2004 -10;
Restoration 2010-20)
 Promote and, provide incentives for effective soil and water
conservation through various ways

 Establish germplasm/ seed banks for indigenous species, &

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reintroduce disease-resistant traditional varieties

 Implement alternative pest management activities and promote
organic farming (Also in EF)
 Ban use of inorganic fertilizer
 Promote diversified intensive farming systems (Also in EF)

 Implement CARP
Equity in  Provide security of tenure and efficient support services (irrigation,
Access and credit, roads, harvest facilities)
Distribution  Promote community-based resource management and
cooperatives (Also in PE)


 Implement projects to ensure the regeneration of marginal lands
for agriculture (NK)
 Implement a food subsidy program tied up to the participation in
revised work program
 Implement suitable agroforestry systems
 Provide support services to ARCs
 Increase the incomes and productivity of farmers through the
cultivation of high value crops
 Provide incentives in support of sustainable agriculture;
 Provide accessible funding/ loan facilities to POs, cooperatives
 Establish an endowment fund for sustainable agriculture (Also in
EF, NK)
 Increase nonfarm employment for small farmers, fisher folks

 Circularize regulations on land use conversion

 Tax idle agricultural lands; Develop idle lands into integrated
production areas
Poverty
Eradication  Increase domestic food production (Gintong Ani)
 Encourage integrated crop and livestock farming system
 Support the development of community-based full cycle food
processing technologies

 Remove subsidies on output and input prices and eliminate policy-

induced costs of production;
 Allocate public expenditure in rural infrastructure and human
resource development for sustainable agriculture
 Develop integrated financing for all agricultural operations
 Implement the Irrigation and Agricultural Productivity
Enhancement Act; Establish SWIP, farm to market roads &
provide extension service
 Support the development of community-based full cycle food
processing technologies and support services
 Ban the marketing and use of persistent organic pollutants (POPs)
 Reintroduce the use of traditional varieties (NK)
 Promote chemical free agriculture, organic farming, and the use of
environmentally-friendly biological control techniques

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D. Freshwater Ecosystem and Water Resources in the Urban Ecosystem

Purpose/Goal: Prevent the degradation of water quality and freshwater ecosystems

Activities (Policies, Plans, Projects, Program)

 Rationalize land use to prevent degradation, erosion, siltation of

water bodies
 Formulate and adopt a national policy framework for the
sustainable use of freshwater ecosystem
 Integrate the development of water resources with the conservation
of the ecosystems (forests, wetlands, watersheds) that affect the
water cycle (Also in EF)
 Restore degraded freshwater ecosystems
 Protect freshwater ecosystems from pollution and degradation
 Regulate the extraction of freshwater resources
 Formulate a master plan for the management, rehabilitation and
Natural
protection of water bodies from domestic wastes and industrial
Capital
effluents
Restoration &
 Assist small and medium-scale industries in water treatment and
Environmental
recycling
Protection
 Promote centralized waste water treatment facilities for industrial
zones
 Promote the construction of common treatment

 facilities for domestic sewage

 Provide adequate, efficient sewerage system and sepage
treatment facilities
 Relocate industries from urban watersheds
 Protect and rehabilitate watersheds and its buffer zones
 Develop groundwater resources

Access Equity  Expand the water supply distribution network and upgrade existing
facilities

Poverty  (After PA21, the Philippine Water Supply Sector Roadmap of 2008
Eradication was conceived. Only recently did the poor become the target of the
President‘s Priority Program P3W of 2005.)

 Review, adopt and implement the Action Plan for Overall Water
Resources Management or the Philippine Water Supply Sector
Roadmap
 Regulate the extraction of freshwater resources
 Establish the appropriate frameworks and strengthen the
Efficiency
institutional capabilities to assess water resources and provide
flood and drought forecasting services
 Formulate Water Resources Master Plan
 Expand the water supply distribution network and upgrade existing
facilities
 Reduce non-revenue water

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E.Metallic Mineral Sector

Purpose/Goal: Promote the growth of the industry and prevent the environmental
disturbances due to mining operations.

Activities (Policies, Plans, Projects, Program)

 Enforce payment of the Mine Waste and Tailings fee (1974)

Natural  ―Adopt a tree, adopt a mining forest‖ requirement on mining firms
Capital  Establish a mine rehabilitation fund
Restoration  Restore abandoned mines
 Declare a moratorium on mining operations and the granting of
permits in environmentally-critical areas

 Strengthen the criteria and guidelines for social acceptability;

Access
ensure that mining investors obtain FPIC from indigenous peoples
Equity
in the planned mining area
 Require a comprehensive plan developed with local stakeholders

 (Prior to implementation of 1% royalty for host IPs and the Social

Poverty Development and Management Program with funds amounting to
Eradication 0.9% of direct mining and milling cost)
and Labor  Involve the community in environmental monitoring
Protection  Ensure mine safety and control potential hazards to mine workers
 Provide safety net to mine workers
 Minimize the risks from mine operations

Efficiency  Add risk assessment in EIAs issued (Also in NK)

 Provide incentives for value-added manufacturing processes

F. Urban Ecosystem (Green Industry/ Cities with Transportation, Waste, Energy)

Purpose/Goal: Protect the quality of air and water resources; reduce the risks of natural
And man-made hazards; and address the poverty situation

Activities (Policies, Plans, Projects, Program)

Green Industry/ City

 Strengthen/ improve EIS system to include risk assessment
 Improve policy enforcement, monitoring systems and facilities
Natural
 Assist small and medium-scale industries in water treatment and
Capital
recycling
Restoration
 Promote centralized waste water treatment facilities for industrial
zones
 Relocate industries from urban watersheds
 Improve the air quality monitoring network; develop technologies
to improve air quality
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 Phase out lead and reduce SOx emissions

 Develop non-motorized transport modes
 Review, revise or amend existing policies on air pollution control
 Formulate a geo-based physical framework plan for geologically
sensitive areas; adopt appropriate measures in managing geo-
hazards

Waste
 Inventory industrial sources of waste which pose risk to public
health and environment
 Strengthen the management of hazardous wastes
 Develop regulatory measures for the collection and disposal of
industrial waste that pose threat to public health
 LGU development of a cost-effective garbage disposal system
 Formulate a solid waste management master plan for
municipalities/ cities
 Develop sanitary landfill sites
 Include waste management cost in LGU budget

Green City
Access
 Upgrade, relocate slums, squatter settlements; implement
Equity
Shelter Program
 Urban poor access to financial institutions for low-cost housing

Poverty
Green City
Eradication
 Upgrade, relocate slums, squatter settlements; implement
and Labor
Shelter Program
Protection
 Urban poor access to financial institutions for low-cost housing

Green Industry/ City

 Improve policy enforcement and monitoring system, facilities
 Update the comprehensive land use plan; formulate and
implement a zoning plan for industrialization
 Provide incentives for the relocation of existing industries in
urban areas

Transport
Efficiency  Stop importation of second hand vehicles and engines
 Promote sustainable transport systems in urban centers
 Provide fiscal incentives for importation or manufacture of non-
conventional energy systems
 Improve urban transport system

Energy
 Provide accessible financing for renewable energy projects
 Formulate national, local action plans to develop, promote and
utilize renewable energy technologies (solar, wind, biomass)

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