3.

2 THE PROCEDURE

Step 1: Cut the bottom of the plastic bottle

Fig 3.1: The procedure of cutting the bottle

Take your water bottle and using a knife, cut the bottom part out so as to be able to
easily insert the materials inside. Additionally, you have to poke a small exit hole on the
bottle cap so it can drop out of your filtered water container.

Step 2: Cut the Drain Hole

Fig 3.2: The cutting of Drain Hole in the cap of water bottle
Use scissors or a knife to poke a small hole in the cap. If there is no cap, cut off top of
the bottle instead of the bottom for previous step then poke several small holes in the
bottom of the bottle.

Step 3 - 1st Layer: Straining Fabric

Fig 3.3: The Procedure of putting the Fabric in able to strain water

Stuff the bottom of bottle with a fine cloth or paper fabric, such as a coffee filter, cheese
cloth or cotton stuffing.

Sand and grass can also be used in this first stage. Fill the bottom with about 3 inches
of grass clippings to filter out larger particulates and help give water a clean taste from
chlorophyll contained in the grass. Then fill with 3-4 inches of very fine sand.

Be careful not to use poisonous or unidentified weeds when collect grass clippings. Do
not use Highway Department sand, as it can be full of road salt and chemicals.
Step 4 - Break Up Charcoal

Fig 3.4: The breaking up of charcoal in able to make it finer

Take charcoal and use hammer or rock to break it down into smallest particles you can.

Step 5 - Layer 2: Pulverized Charcoal

Fig 3.5: The procedure of transferring finer charcoal into the bottle

Pour about 3 inches of pulverized charcoal into bottle. If available, cover with another
coffee filter to prevent charcoal from being displaced to much during filtering.

Step 6 - 3rd Layer: Fine Sand

Fig 3.6: The transferring of fine sand into the bottle

Add a 2-3 inch layer of the finest sand you can find. This and the subsequent layers you
will add are to filter out particulates in the water.

Do not use Highway Department s

and, as it can be full of road salt and chemicals.

Step 7 - 4th Layer: Coarse Sand

Fig 3.7: The transferring of coarse sand with small pebbles

Add a 2-3 inch layer of coarse sand or very small pebbles.

Step 8 - 5th Layer: Fine Sand

Fig.3.8: Add another layer of fine sand above the coarse sand

Add an additional 2-3 inch layer of the fine sand. Multiple varying filter stages (like a
reverse osmosis system) ensures that most of the particles present in the water are
caught.

Step 9 -6th Layer: Gravel

Fig 3.9: Put adequate amount of gravel

Add a 2-3 inch layer of gravel or small rocks to prevent the water being poured in from
displacing the sand.

Step 10 - Top Strainer

Fig 3.10: Put top strainer in able to help straining water

Cover top of filter with a piece of porous cloth, such as a bandana or cheese cloth. This
step is optional but helpful in straining any large debris from the water and stop the
pouring from displacing the sand inside the filter.

Step 11 - Pouring & Collecting

Fig. 3.11: Trying the “do it yourself” water filter

Pour water slowly into filter while holding it over the second container.

Make sure to wipe off or clean the collection container. Pour water slowly so as not to disturb filter
layers too much or to cause filter container to overflow and possibly spilling unfiltered water into
collection container.

Step 12 - Sterilize Water

Fig 3.12: Killing the microbes in the water by boiling the water in a kettle, pot or
casserole.

Even though you have filtered the water through many different layers, microbes can
still exist in the water and it still needs to be sterilized. Boiling the water in a pot or kettle
is the easiest way.

You can also use sunlight to sterilize water. Pour filtered water into a clean, clear plastic
or glass bottle up to 3/4 full and screw on cap. Shake for thirty seconds to add more
oxygen to the water. Place on light or reflective surface in direct sunlight. The amount of
exposure it needs it dependant on weather conditions. A clear day requires 6 hours of
exposure whereas 50% or more cloud coverage will require 2 days of sunlight.
 Theoretical and Conceptual Framework

The instances or situations wherein the

respondents may had been used the
The level of Awareness of Holy
low-cost water filter system
Cross of Agdao students towards
the procedure of low-cost water
filters system.

The level of Awareness of Holy Cross

of Agdao students towards the use
Respondents:
low-cost water filters system.
All students of Holy
Cross of Agdao

Fig 4.1: Conceptual Framework of the Study

Figure 4.1 shows the independent variables of the study which are the level of
awareness of the respondents towards the use of low-cost water filter system in Holy
Cross of Agdao, as well as the level of awareness of the respondents towards the
procedure of low-cost water filter system in Holy Cross of Agdao, The dependent
variable shows the instances or situations wherein the respondents may had been used
the use of low-cost water filter system and with the respondents which is all the students
of Holy Cross of Agdao.
3.4 The Statistical Treatment

Are the scores from the two means are from the same
people?

YES
(Correlated T- Test) NO
(Uncorrelated T- Test)

YES
(Equal Variance T-Test) Are the variances of two
groups different?

NO
YES
(Equal Variance T-Test) (Unequal Variance T-
Test)
CHAPTER IV

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

THE RECORD OF THESIS RESULT OF LISTED DATAS

DATAS
Yes, but we need to sterilize
IS THE WATER FILTER DOING everything to ensure safety.
ITS JOB?

Yes, especially in times of

IS THE WATER FILTER HELPING cataclysms.
OUR ENVIRONMENT?

Yes, it can filter waterworks and

IS THE WATER FILTER CAN water sources that are nourished
HELP OUR ENVIRONMENT by many people.
MORE HEALTHIER ?

Yes, it is safe to everyone, but to

IS THE WATER FILTER IS SAFE ensure safety, after filtering the
TO EVERYONE? water, make sure to sterilize it
first to kill microbes, bacteria,
and viruses.
Result

The low-cost water filter system helps people to enhance their water if they are
undrinkable, unhygienic, unsanitary, or germ-ridden. It also helps our community by
preserve our dump site, they give us a lesson on how to develop our environment clean
and beautiful. Water filters use two different techniques to remove dirt.
Physical filtration means straining water to remove larger impurities. Another method of
filtering, chemical filtration, involves passing water through an active material that
removes impurities chemically as they pass through. Water filters provide you and your
family with clean filtered drinking water free of hazardous pollutants. By reducing your
exposure to these dangerous toxins, you will live a much healthier life. Filtered
water may reduce the risk of certain cancers. Through this investigation,
our filtration methods proved helpful even though they were done on a small scale. ...
Low quality water can lead to health hazards that can be avoided by putting into place
these safe, inexpensive, and effective water filtration techniques.
CHAPTER V

Summary