THE EFFECTIVENESS OF USING BASELLA ALBA AND HIBISCUS EXTRACT AS AN

ALTERNATIVE INK FOR MARKERS

A Research Presented to the Faculty of

Senior High School
Emilio Aguinaldo College – Cavite

In Partial Fulfillment of the

Requirements for Senior High School 12

RODILLAS, JENINAH MARIE M.

GUYO, CHARLES ANDREI A.
JOSEF, DYANE H.
ORTALIZ, LUCAS
REYES, ETHAN T.
UY, ALLIAH M.
VERGARA, JORLEE ANN

August 2019
 APPROVAL SHEET
This thesis here to entitled: THE EFFECTIVENESS OF USING BASELLA ALBA AND HIBISCUS
EXTRACT AS AN ALTERNATIVE INK FOR MARKERS

Prepared and submitted by RODILLAS, JENINAH MARIE M, GUYO, CHARLES ANDREI A.,
JOSEF, DYANE H., ORTALIZ, LUCAS, REYES, ETHAN T., UY, ALLIAH M, VERGARA,
JORLEE ANN and has been reviewed and recommended as partial fulfillment of the requirements for
Senior High School 12.
Accepted and approved by the Panel of Examiners following a successful Oral Defense on _____ of
October 2019 with a grade of ________.

MS. RENEE M. GUIRAO, LPT

Research Teacher

MR. MARK JORELL D. CONDE, LPT MS. LAURENCE RALPH ESTRELLA

Name of Panel Member Name of Panel Member

MS. KIANNA ALZINA V. DIOCALES

Name of Panel Member

MR. ERNESTO U. GUILLERMO, JR., LPT, MST

Principal, Senior High School
 CERTIFICATE OF ORIGINALITY

We hereby certify that the thesis entitled: THE EFFECTIVENESS OF USING BASELLA ALBA
AND HIBISCUS EXTRACT AS AN ALTERNATIVE INK FOR MARKERS

is our work and that, to the best of our knowledge and belief, contains no material previously published or
written by another person nor material to which to a substantial extent has been accepted for award of any
other degree or diploma of a university or other institution of higher learning except where due
acknowledgement made is made in the text.

We also declare that the intellectual content of this thesis is the product of our work even though we may
have received assistance from others on style, presentation, and language expression.

RENEE M. GUIRAO LAURENCE RALPH ESTRELLA

Researcher Researcher

MARK JORELL D. CONDE LORAINE AMOROSO

Researcher Researcher

KIANNA ALZINA V. DIOCALES JAYZEL JOHN INOCENCIO

Researcher Researcher
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
 (THE EFFECTIVENESS OF USING BASELLA ALBA AND HIBISCUS EXTRACT AS AN
ALTERNATIVE INK FOR MARKERS

Guirao, Renee M, Amoroso, Loraine M., Conde, Mark Jorell D., Diocales, KiannaAlzina V., and Estrella,
Laurence Ralph V., and Ms. Amihan, Claribel B. (research teacher)

(Proponents and Research Teachers)

Emilio Aguinaldo College – Cavite Senior High School

City of Dasmarinas, Cavite

ABSTRACT
(NOT MORE THAN 250 WORDS)

Keywords: (SELECT WORDS THAT HIGHLIGHT THE ENTIRE SENTENCES)

 TABLE OF CONTENTS
Introduction
Background of the Study ……………………………………………………. 1
Statement of the Problem
Hypothesis
Scope and Delimitation
Significance of the Study
Definition of terms
Review of Related Literatures and Studies
Theoretical Framework
Conceptual Framework
Synthesis
Methodology
Research Design. …………………………………………………………... 4
Sampling Technique
Research Instrument
Data Gathering Procedure
Data Analysis
Results and Discussions
Interpretation of Data
Discussion
Summary of Findings
Conclusions
Recommendations
References…………………………………………………………………………….10
Appendices
Appendix A: Written Letters
Appendix B: Research Instruments
Appendix C: Raw Data (Tabulation/Transcription)
Appendix D:Curriculum Vitae
 INTRODUCTION
Background of the Study
Marker has its significant role not only in the field of writing, but also in arts and one of its
suitable feature, namely the ink, motivates people to unleash their inner creativity skill. The ink of the
markers has its own limitations which can lead to problem for users of markers. The ink is made up of
chemical solvents that is not good for the health when it is inhaled by the user. Most of the people in
today's generation prefers cheap yet effective substitute ink of a marker and came up with the idea of
using alternative ingredient such as plants extract and see the effectiveness of it as a source of ink for
markers. According to the study of Almonte et al. (2013), plants that contain high percentage of natural
colorant or Anthocyanin can be extracted and is highly recommended for producing ink for markers.
Additionally, although the process is facile, the quality of the ink that was produced is as good as the
actual ink. This led the researchers to pursue in doing this study to determine the effectiveness of using
Basella Alba (Alugbati) and Hibiscus (Gumamela) extract as an alternative ink for markers.

Statement of the Problem

This study aims to produce an alternative ink out from Alugbati and Gumamela extract and also
to determine the effectiveness of using these plants extract as an ingredient for marker inks.
Specifically, it intends to answer the following questions:
1. What will be the outcome of producing an alternative ink by using alugbati and gumamela extract?
2. Is there any significant difference between the alternative ink and the usual ink for markers in terms of
the following:
* texture
* color
* odor
3. How do students rate the effectiveness and acceptability of alugbati and gumamela extract as an
alternative ink in terms of texture, color, and odor?
Hypothesis
HO: The Basella Alba and Hibiscus extract cannot be used as a source for production of alternative ink
for markers.
HA: The Basella Alba and Hibiscus extract can be used as a source for production of alternative ink for
markers.

Scope and Delimitation

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of using Basella Alba (Alugbati) and Hibiscus
(Gumamela) extract as an alternative ink for markers. The coverage of this study includes the discussion
of alternative marker ink production. This study focuses on testing the effectiveness of the plants extract
in terms of texture, color, and odor. STEM students were chosen as participants to test the effectiveness
and acceptability of alugbati and gumamela extract as an ingredient to produce a marker ink. This study
will be conducted at Lyceum of the Philippines University-Cavite during the school year 2019-2020.

Significance of the Study

This study is significant to the following:
USERS - This study will benefit the users of markers. It may help them to provide an alternative way of
having an ink for their markers which can also lessen their expenses instead of buying new ones.
AGRICULTURE - This study may give an idea to farmers to develop additional source of income and
this will also give them a choice to plant more alugbati and gumamela plants.
ENVIRONMENT - This study will help make use of the alugbati and gumamela plants instead of wasting
and throwing it anywhere.
OTHER RESEARCHERS - This study may also help other researchers for additional information and
this will serve as an inspiration to do more researches for future references and to develop another source
of inks.
Review of Related Literatures and Studies
Local Literature
As mentioned by Lalit (2012), belonging in the family of flowering plants, Hibiscus Rosa-Sinesus
or commonly known as Gumamela, a simple looking yet a useful flower. It has its appearance that is
composed of a prolonged stem and an alternated and oval shaped petals that contains red pigment.
Foreign Literature
Natural sources such as berries, barks and leaves extract were used to produce ink of a marker
pen way back the time due to the colors that they can provide and can also be combined with other
substances that will result to an ink, dye or a paint. Additionally, to add different shades, tea leaves could
also be used in order to have different intensity and shades of the ink. (Lopierre & Lopi, 2011).
Local Studies
Experiments and procedures were usually done to determine what possible materials can be used
to be a main source of ink for markers. Effectiveness and convenience of the materials used are the
crucial ingredients to consider in identifying whether it is possible to use for the production of the main
component of a marker. Quality produced by the alternative ink are compared to the actual ink of the
marker and shows efficacious results. (Cruz, 2014)
Foreign Studies
According to the study of Ali, Hussain and Nawaz (2009) and Leitner et al. (2012), since dye and
ink have a large percentage of utilization, natural sources such as plants extracts can be produced into
natural dyes and ink that could be very beneficial not only to people but also to the environment. Natural
dyes can be turned into an ink with a cheaper yet satisfying quality compare to the chemically formed,
although it is also facile to use and to process but it has its toxic component that negatively affects the
environment and also the health of the user of it.
Theoretical Framework
The Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory (TD-DFT) will support one of the variables in
this study. According to Aquino, He, Li, Quina, and Silva (2019), the red, blue, and purple color of
flowers and fruit are responsibility of natural plant pigment called anthocyanin. The Time-Dependent
Density Functional Theory is a promising approach for predicting the spectroscopic properties of natural
and nature-inspired dyes and pigments
Conceptual Framework
This is the illustration of the conceptual framework or the process that researchers will execute for this
study.

Input Process Output

 To produce effective  Filtering  Alternative Natural Ink
alternative ink from from Basella Alba and
natural ingredients.  Boiling Hibiscus Extract for
Markers
 Lessen expenses of the  Purification
community

 Save the Environment by

crafting nature friendly
ink

Synthesis
Findings from the existing studies and literatures states that plants extract such as gumamela,
berries, bark, and leaves extract can be used to produce ink of a marker pen with a cheaper yet satisfying
quality compared to the actual ink for markers. The results shows effectiveness of an alternative ink
through the use of experiments and procedures. Although it is beneficial to people and to the
environment, it also has negative effects to the users of it and to the environment as well.
 METHODOLOGY
Research Design

Sampling Technique

Research Instrument

Data Gathering Procedure

Data Analysis Procedure

 RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
Interpretation of Results

Summary of Findings

Conclusions

Recommendations
References
 APPENDICES
Appendix A: Written letters

Appendix B: Research Instrument

Appendix C: Raw Data

Appendix D: Curriculum Vitae