Integral of e^x (cos x)

Take the integral:

integral e^x cos(x) dx

For the integrand e^x cos(x), integrate by parts, integral f dg = f g - integral g df, where

f = cos(x), dg = e^x dx, df = -sin(x) dx, g = e^x:

integral e^x cos(x) dx = e^x cos(x) + integral e^x sin(x) dx

For the integrand e^x sin(x), integrate by parts, integral f dg = f g - integral g df, where

f = sin(x), dg = e^x dx, df = cos(x) dx, g = e^x:

integral e^x cos(x) dx = e^x sin(x) + e^x cos(x) - integral e^x cos(x) dx

Add integral e^x cos(x) dx to both sides:

2 integral e^x cos(x) dx = e^x sin(x) + e^x cos(x) + constant

Divide both sides by 2:

integral e^x cos(x) dx = 1/2 (e^x sin(x) + e^x cos(x)) + constant

Which is equal to:

Answer: |

| = 1/2 e^x (sin(x) + cos(x)) + constant

Alternate forms of the integral

(e^x sin(x + π/4))/sqrt(2) + constant

e^x (sin(x)/2 + cos(x)/2) + constant

(1/4 + i/4) e^((1 - i) x) + (1/4 - i/4) e^((1 + i) x) + constant

Expanded form of the integral

1/2 e^x sin(x) + 1/2 e^x cos(x) + constant

Maclaurin series:

1/2 + x + x^2/2 - x^4/12 + O(x^5)

(Taylor series)

Definite integral

integral_(-π/2)^(π/2) e^x cos(x) dx = cosh(π/2)≈2.50918