ORAL COMMUNICATION: UNIT 1

LESSON 1

COMMUNICATION- is a systematic process through which individuals interact through symbols to create
and interpret meaning.

- is the process of giving and receiving information between a human source and human receiver using
words, symbols, or actions.

Elements of Communication

1. SOURCE-also called SENDER is the origin of the message.

2. MESSAGE-which contains the idea or action. It is also called as the content of communication.
3. ENCODES/ENCODING- the manner believed that the message is most be understood by the
receiver.
4. RECEIVER- the recipient of the message or idea.
5. DECODES/DECODING- is the term used in conveying messages by conveying their thoughts into
symbols or observable signals such as words.
6. CHANNEL- It is also refers as an instruments used in communication such as; TV, cell phones, and
internet.
7. FEEDBACK-is the response made by the receiver.

MODELS OF COMMUNICATION
1. MODEL 1- THE SHANNON-WEAVER’S MODEL OF COMMUNICATION-also referred to as
Transmission or Standard View Model, has three main parts: Sender, Channel, and Receiver.
*It is a Linear Process of Communication.

-> -> -> ->

Sender Encoder Channel Decoder Destination
Message Signal I Received Signal Message

Noise

2. MODEL 2-SCHRAMM’S MODEL OF COMMUNICATION- The message is effectively sent when the
receiver correctly decodes what the source or sender encodes. This means that both the source and
the receiver have more or less common language, interpretation of symbols or visual or nonverbal
cues, experiences, or culture, expressions or signs used in encoding and decoding the message in
order to reach an understanding.

*It is an Interactive Process of Communication.

Message

Encoder Decoder

Interpreter Interpreter

Decoder Encoder
 Message

2. MODEL 3- Berlo’s SMCR Model of Communication- expands the Shannon and Weaver Model. It
includes elements that may affect the transmission of information, encoding, and decoding. It
shows that the source must have communication skills, right attitude, and adequate knowledge,
and consider the social system and culture of the receivers.
*It is a Transactional Process of Communication.

I
Receiver
Source Message Channel

Communication Hearing
Content Communication Skills
Skills

Attitudes Elements Seeing Attitude

Knowledge Treatment Touching Knowledge

Social System Structure Smelling Social System

Culture Code Tasting Culture

Communication can be Verbal and Nonverbal

* Verbal- Expressing oneself with the use of words.

*Nonverbal- uses sign language, facial expressions and gestures.

LESSON 2: The Art of Listening

LISTENING- is an integral part of the process of communication and is a process in itself.

Characteristic of Effective Listening:

1. Selective-The listener should have the option of what to listen to.

2. Purposive-Listening requires a specific purpose.
3. Attentive- Listening with a purpose will make the listener react. A type of listening where one
can react and give feedback.

BARRIERS TO LISTENING- include internal and external noise, which affect the transmission of the
message.

LESSON 3: THE CONTEXT OF SPEECH

1. INTRAPERSONAL COMMUNICATION- is “talking to oneself”. When one does self-

reflection, examines attitudes, beliefs, opinions, thoughts, ideas, and aspirations,
one does intrapersonal communication.
2. INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION- When a person shares thoughts, ideas, and
aspirations with another person or to group of persons, this is interpersonal
communication. It means relating or communicating with someone other than oneself.

3. Intercultural Communication- is a discipline that studies communication across different

cultures and social groups, or how culture affects communication. It is also called as
“cross-cultural” communication. It describes the wide range of communication processes
and problems that naturally appear within organization or social context made up of
individuals from different religious, social, ethnic, and educational backgrounds.

4. Public communication- is talking to a considerable number of persons or a crowd or the

public.
-Addressing the whole class, to addressing the whole assembly, community, country, or
world is public communication.
In which case, channels or media may be employed to reach a big audience such as public
address system, television, radio, newspapers, or internet publications, to name a few.